Filters
Clear AllLoading
assignment_turned_in Project2015 - 2021 University of Alberta, University of Bristol, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Chiba University, ULiege +21 partnersUniversity of Alberta,University of Bristol,French National Centre for Scientific Research,Chiba University,ULiege,Technical University of Denmark,BYG.DTU,KU Leuven,University of Bristol,Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland,Louisiana State University,University of Copenhagen,Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst,LSU,Utrecht University,University of Alberta,GFZ Potsdam - Geosciences,KU Leuven Kulak,University of Copenhagen,Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,CNRS,Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences,CIT,University of Liège,California Institute of Technology,Danish Geological Survey - GEUSFunder: UKRI Project Code: NE/M021025/1Funder Contribution: 1,473,360 GBPConcerns are growing about how much melting occurs on the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), and how much this melting will contribute to sea level rise (1). It seems that the amount of melting is accelerating and that the impact on sea level rise is over 1 mm each year (2). This information is of concern to governmental policy makers around the world because of the risk to viability of populated coastal and low-lying areas. There is currently a great scientific need to predict the amount of melting that will occur on the surface of the GrIS over the coming decades (3), since the uncertainties are high. The current models which are used to predict the amount of melting in a warmer climate rely heavily on determining the albedo, the ratio of how reflective the snow cover and the ice surface are to incoming solar energy. Surfaces which are whiter are said to have higher albedo, reflect more sunlight and melt less. Surfaces which are darker adsorb more sunlight and so melt more. Just how the albedo varies over time depends on a number of factors, including how wet the snow and ice is. One important factor that has been missed to date is bio-albedo. Each drop of water in wet snow and ice contains thousands of tiny microorganisms, mostly algae and cyanobacteria, which are pigmented - they have a built in sunblock - to protect them from sunlight. These algae and cyanobacteria have a large impact on the albedo, lowering it significantly. They also glue together dust particles that are swept out of the air by the falling snow. These dust particles also contain soot from industrial activity and forest fires, and so the mix of pigmented microbes and dark dust at the surface produces a darker ice sheet. We urgently need to know more about the factors that lead to and limit the growth of the pigmented microbes. Recent work by our group in the darkest zone of the ice sheet surface in the SW of Greenland shows that the darkest areas have the highest numbers of cells. Were these algae to grow equally well in other areas of the ice sheet surface, then the rate of melting of the whole ice sheet would increase very quickly. A major concern is that there will be more wet ice surfaces for these microorganisms to grow in, and for longer, during a period of climate warming, and so the microorganisms will grow in greater numbers and over a larger area, lowering the albedo and increasing the amount of melt that occurs each year. The nutrient - plant food - that the microorganisms need comes from the ice crystals and dust on the ice sheet surface, and there are fears that increased N levels in snow and ice may contribute to the growth of the microorganisms. This project aims to be the first to examine the growth and spread of the microorganisms in a warming climate, and to incorporate biological darkening into models that predict the future melting of the GrIS. References 1. Sasgen I and 8 others. Timing and origin of recent regional ice-mass loss in Greenland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 333-334, 293-303(2012). 2. Rignot, E., Velicogna, I., van den Broeke, M. R., Monaghan, A. & Lenaerts, J. Acceleration of the contribution of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to sea level rise. Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L05503, doi:10.1029/2011gl046583 (2011). 3. Milne, G. A., Gehrels, W. R., Hughes, C. W. & Tamisiea, M. E. Identifying the causes of sea-level change. Nature Geosci 2, 471-478 (2009).
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=ukri________::fbcea8535db2b4ca20bcb5cd0576fa16&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euvisibility 249visibility views 249 download downloads 510 Powered bymore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=ukri________::fbcea8535db2b4ca20bcb5cd0576fa16&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euassignment_turned_in Project2015 - 2021 University of Oxford, DfT, FHG, CHESS Center,UC Berkeley, Automotive Council UK +41 partnersUniversity of Oxford,DfT,FHG,CHESS Center,UC Berkeley,Automotive Council UK,Network Rail,PRECISE Center, University of Pennsylvan,Fraunhofer Society,Scisys (United Kingdom),ETH Zurich,EURATOM/CCFE,Eidgenossiche Technical College,United Kingdom Space Agency,University of California, Berkeley,OC Robotics,University of Oxford,Gompels HealthCare Ltd,Tracetronic,United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority,Ferrovial (United Kingdom),MIRA (United Kingdom),SciSys,University of Pennsylvania,Nissan (Japan),BP Global,Tracetronic,Guidance (United Kingdom),Amey Plc,BP Global,MIRA LTD,Department for Transport,BEIS,Navtech Radar (United Kingdom),McGill University,McGill University,GGG (France),ARC Centre of Excellence for Robotic Vis,NAVTECH RADAR LIMITED,Australian Centre for Robotic Vision,GCS,Nissan (Japan),Network Rail,Automotive Council UK,Gompels HealthCare Ltd,UKSA,CGG Services SAFunder: UKRI Project Code: EP/M019918/1Funder Contribution: 4,991,610 GBPVISION: To create, run and exploit the world's leading research programme in mobile autonomy addressing fundamental technical issues which impede large scale commercial and societal adoption of mobile robotics. AMBITION: We need to build better robots - we need them to be cheap, work synergistically with people in large, complex and time-changing environments and do so for long periods of time. Moreover, it is essential that they are safe and trusted. We are compelled as researchers to produce the foundational technologies that will see robots work in economically and socially important domains. These motivations drive the science in this proposal. STRATEGY: Robotics is fast advancing to a point where autonomous systems can add real value to the public domain. The potential reach of mobile robotics in particular is vast, covering sectors as diverse as transport, logistics, space, defence, agriculture and infrastructure management. In order to realise this potential we need our robots to be cheap, work synergistically with people in large, complex and time-changing environments and do so robustly for long periods of time. Our aim, therefore, is to create a lasting, catalysing impact on UKPLC by growing a sustainable centre of excellence in mobile autonomy. A central tenet to this research is that the capability gap between the state of the art and what is needed is addressed by designing algorithms that leverage experiences gained through real and continued world use. Our machines will operate in support of humans and seamlessly integrate into complex cyber-physical systems with a variety of physical and computational elements. We must, therefore, be able to guarantee, and even certify, that the software that controls the robots is safe and trustworthy by design. We will engage in this via a range of flagship technology demonstrators in different domains (transport, logistics, space, etc.), which will mesh the research together, giving at once context, grounding, validation and impact.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=ukri________::855b4a60a3f3aa2e9b0c09bcb278cacc&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euvisibility 269visibility views 269 download downloads 1,146 Powered bymore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=ukri________::855b4a60a3f3aa2e9b0c09bcb278cacc&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu
Loading
assignment_turned_in Project2015 - 2021 University of Alberta, University of Bristol, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Chiba University, ULiege +21 partnersUniversity of Alberta,University of Bristol,French National Centre for Scientific Research,Chiba University,ULiege,Technical University of Denmark,BYG.DTU,KU Leuven,University of Bristol,Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland,Louisiana State University,University of Copenhagen,Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst,LSU,Utrecht University,University of Alberta,GFZ Potsdam - Geosciences,KU Leuven Kulak,University of Copenhagen,Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,CNRS,Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences,CIT,University of Liège,California Institute of Technology,Danish Geological Survey - GEUSFunder: UKRI Project Code: NE/M021025/1Funder Contribution: 1,473,360 GBPConcerns are growing about how much melting occurs on the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), and how much this melting will contribute to sea level rise (1). It seems that the amount of melting is accelerating and that the impact on sea level rise is over 1 mm each year (2). This information is of concern to governmental policy makers around the world because of the risk to viability of populated coastal and low-lying areas. There is currently a great scientific need to predict the amount of melting that will occur on the surface of the GrIS over the coming decades (3), since the uncertainties are high. The current models which are used to predict the amount of melting in a warmer climate rely heavily on determining the albedo, the ratio of how reflective the snow cover and the ice surface are to incoming solar energy. Surfaces which are whiter are said to have higher albedo, reflect more sunlight and melt less. Surfaces which are darker adsorb more sunlight and so melt more. Just how the albedo varies over time depends on a number of factors, including how wet the snow and ice is. One important factor that has been missed to date is bio-albedo. Each drop of water in wet snow and ice contains thousands of tiny microorganisms, mostly algae and cyanobacteria, which are pigmented - they have a built in sunblock - to protect them from sunlight. These algae and cyanobacteria have a large impact on the albedo, lowering it significantly. They also glue together dust particles that are swept out of the air by the falling snow. These dust particles also contain soot from industrial activity and forest fires, and so the mix of pigmented microbes and dark dust at the surface produces a darker ice sheet. We urgently need to know more about the factors that lead to and limit the growth of the pigmented microbes. Recent work by our group in the darkest zone of the ice sheet surface in the SW of Greenland shows that the darkest areas have the highest numbers of cells. Were these algae to grow equally well in other areas of the ice sheet surface, then the rate of melting of the whole ice sheet would increase very quickly. A major concern is that there will be more wet ice surfaces for these microorganisms to grow in, and for longer, during a period of climate warming, and so the microorganisms will grow in greater numbers and over a larger area, lowering the albedo and increasing the amount of melt that occurs each year. The nutrient - plant food - that the microorganisms need comes from the ice crystals and dust on the ice sheet surface, and there are fears that increased N levels in snow and ice may contribute to the growth of the microorganisms. This project aims to be the first to examine the growth and spread of the microorganisms in a warming climate, and to incorporate biological darkening into models that predict the future melting of the GrIS. References 1. Sasgen I and 8 others. Timing and origin of recent regional ice-mass loss in Greenland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 333-334, 293-303(2012). 2. Rignot, E., Velicogna, I., van den Broeke, M. R., Monaghan, A. & Lenaerts, J. Acceleration of the contribution of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to sea level rise. Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L05503, doi:10.1029/2011gl046583 (2011). 3. Milne, G. A., Gehrels, W. R., Hughes, C. W. & Tamisiea, M. E. Identifying the causes of sea-level change. Nature Geosci 2, 471-478 (2009).
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=ukri________::fbcea8535db2b4ca20bcb5cd0576fa16&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euvisibility 249visibility views 249 download downloads 510 Powered bymore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=ukri________::fbcea8535db2b4ca20bcb5cd0576fa16&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euassignment_turned_in Project2015 - 2021 University of Oxford, DfT, FHG, CHESS Center,UC Berkeley, Automotive Council UK +41 partnersUniversity of Oxford,DfT,FHG,CHESS Center,UC Berkeley,Automotive Council UK,Network Rail,PRECISE Center, University of Pennsylvan,Fraunhofer Society,Scisys (United Kingdom),ETH Zurich,EURATOM/CCFE,Eidgenossiche Technical College,United Kingdom Space Agency,University of California, Berkeley,OC Robotics,University of Oxford,Gompels HealthCare Ltd,Tracetronic,United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority,Ferrovial (United Kingdom),MIRA (United Kingdom),SciSys,University of Pennsylvania,Nissan (Japan),BP Global,Tracetronic,Guidance (United Kingdom),Amey Plc,BP Global,MIRA LTD,Department for Transport,BEIS,Navtech Radar (United Kingdom),McGill University,McGill University,GGG (France),ARC Centre of Excellence for Robotic Vis,NAVTECH RADAR LIMITED,Australian Centre for Robotic Vision,GCS,Nissan (Japan),Network Rail,Automotive Council UK,Gompels HealthCare Ltd,UKSA,CGG Services SAFunder: UKRI Project Code: EP/M019918/1Funder Contribution: 4,991,610 GBPVISION: To create, run and exploit the world's leading research programme in mobile autonomy addressing fundamental technical issues which impede large scale commercial and societal adoption of mobile robotics. AMBITION: We need to build better robots - we need them to be cheap, work synergistically with people in large, complex and time-changing environments and do so for long periods of time. Moreover, it is essential that they are safe and trusted. We are compelled as researchers to produce the foundational technologies that will see robots work in economically and socially important domains. These motivations drive the science in this proposal. STRATEGY: Robotics is fast advancing to a point where autonomous systems can add real value to the public domain. The potential reach of mobile robotics in particular is vast, covering sectors as diverse as transport, logistics, space, defence, agriculture and infrastructure management. In order to realise this potential we need our robots to be cheap, work synergistically with people in large, complex and time-changing environments and do so robustly for long periods of time. Our aim, therefore, is to create a lasting, catalysing impact on UKPLC by growing a sustainable centre of excellence in mobile autonomy. A central tenet to this research is that the capability gap between the state of the art and what is needed is addressed by designing algorithms that leverage experiences gained through real and continued world use. Our machines will operate in support of humans and seamlessly integrate into complex cyber-physical systems with a variety of physical and computational elements. We must, therefore, be able to guarantee, and even certify, that the software that controls the robots is safe and trustworthy by design. We will engage in this via a range of flagship technology demonstrators in different domains (transport, logistics, space, etc.), which will mesh the research together, giving at once context, grounding, validation and impact.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=ukri________::855b4a60a3f3aa2e9b0c09bcb278cacc&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euvisibility 269visibility views 269 download downloads 1,146 Powered bymore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=ukri________::855b4a60a3f3aa2e9b0c09bcb278cacc&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu