We study an idea for efficient integrated protection of an IP over WDM network using the spare capacity of span-protecting p-cycles to provide protection against both optical link failures and router node failures in the IP/MPLS layer. Previously, networks using span-pr...

The automotive industry has recently shifted from developing advanced vehicles to concentrating on safety and comfort, which stimulates the development of new intelligent vehicles with advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous driving [item 1) in the Appendix]. ...

Abstract This study uses IMULATE (Integrated Model of Urban LAnd use, Transportation, energy and Emissions) to examine the impacts of commuting efficiency on congestion and automobile emissions—specifically, non-methane hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides—...

In this paper, the transient motion of a three unit intelligent Pipe Inspection Gauge (PIG) while moving across anomalies and bends inside gas/oil pipeline has been investigated. The pipeline fluid has been considered as isothermal and compressible. In addition, the pip...

Steel pipelines used for transporting oil and gas can develop various damages such as mechanical damages, corrosion, wrinkle, and crack. One of the mechanical damages is a dent with or without other defects such as corrosion, gouge, and crack. The dent without other def...

Abstract Ground movements such as landslides, subsidence, and settlement can pose serious threats to the integrity of pipelines. The consequences of a ground movement event can vary greatly. Certain types of ground movements are slow-moving and can be monitored and miti...

Abstract We report findings from an experimental study of the impacts of employer-paid transit subsidies on workers at downtown hotels in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Partnering with the union and management of seven hotels, the regional transit agency and city ...

Pipelines represent a linear risk source that can create unique challenges when assessing risks. In the past, risk has been managed by identifying construction requirements and setbacks based on population densities and types of land use. In the current risk assessment ...

Offloading vehicular data traffic from cellular networks to roadside WiFi networks is a very interesting issue since it can not only alleviate the traffic congestion for cellular networks, but also reduce the communication cost for vehicle users. In this paper, we study...

Air traffic flow management (ATFM) is of crucial importance for the airspace control system, due to two factors: first, the impact of ATFM on air traffic control, including inherent safety implications on air operations; second, the possible consequences of ATFM measure...