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Additional file 19: Supplementary Movie 12. Description: Time-lapse imaging of GFP-0N4R reporter cells seeded with S1 brain fractions including pathogenic tau derived from aged TgTauP301L mice with neurological signs. Images were obtained for 16 hours (10 min/frame for 96 frames). Scale bars, 10 μm.

A, Western blot showing AMY3 transfected HEK293 cells demonstrate a marked increase in level of expression of CTR and RAMP3 proteins compared to wild-type (WT) HEK cells. B, in BV2 cells, RAMP3 protein expression shows a marked decreased after RAMP3 siRNA transfection compared to the control non-transfected cells. (JPEG 1495 kb)

Complete set of 739 unique cyclodipeptide synthases identified in a global analysis of publicly available prokaryotic genomes. (XLSX 144Â kb)

Metabolic rates are shown for palmitate oxidation (n = 8 to 10/group) (A), glucose oxidation (n = 8 to 10/group) (B), glycolysis (8 to 9/group) (C), β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) oxidation (n = 8 to 9/group) (D), and total adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production (8 to 10/group) (E). Cardiac efficiency calculated as cardiac work/O2 consumed (n = 9 to 12/group) (F) is also shown. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA to determine differences within the same insulin status and between groups in the presence or absence of insulin followed by LSD post hoc test. Four separate 1-way ANOVAs were performed to determine each substrate’s contribution to ATP production. Cardiac efficiency was analyzed by repeated 1-way ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc test. *p < 0.05 was considered as a significantly different comparison with C57BL/6J + Vehicle. For E, ‡p < 0.05 was considered as a significantly different in comparison with C57BL/6J + Vehicle within the same insulin status. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.