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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik biochar limbah kayu manis (Cinnamomum sp.) dan surian (Toona sp.) berdasarkan ukuran partikel sebagai amelioran tanah. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Oktober 2021 di Laboratorium Kimia dan Kesuburan Jurusan Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Andalas dan Laboratorium Kimia Universitas Negeri Padang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan 5 tingkat kehalusan (2.80-4.75; 2.00-2.80; 1.00-2.00; 0.50-1.00; dan ≤0.50 mm) pada dua jenis biochar yaitu limbah kayu manis dan surian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Biochar limbah kayu manis lebih baik dengan nilai kelembaban (49.33%), pH (10.20), daya hantar listrik (1.77 dS/m), karbon inorganik (0.102 g/kg) dan KTK (82.07 cmol/kg) yang lebih tinggi daripada surian. (2) Ukuran partikel terbaik adalah ≤0.5 mm dimana ukuran ini pada biochar limbah kayu manis dan kayu surian memberikan nilai tertinggi pada kadar abu (16.13; 22.10%), pH (10.20;9.63), daya hantar listrik (1.77; 0.60 dS/m), potensi pengapuran (6.17; 7.11% CaCO3 eq), karbon inorganic (0.102; 0.072 g/kg) dan KTK (82.07;67.07 cmol/kg). (3) Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan pada kedua biochar sama-sama memiliki ikatan karbonat pada panjang gelombang 1407.36 cm-1 dan 1409.71 cm-1, yang membedakannya adalah pada biochar limbah kayu manis memiliki ikatan (C-O) polisakarida, kompleks karbohidrat dan (Si-O) dari mineral lempung yang terkait dengan biochar. Sedangkan pada biochar limbah surian memiliki ikatan (M-O-H) dari O-H pembengkokan pita mineral lempung pada mineral lempung yang terkait dengan biochar dan ikatan dari pembengkokan -OH solo. Kata kunci: Biochar, karakterisasi, limbah kayu manis, limbah kayu surian, ukuran partikel,

Geographically, Indonesia is prone to natural disasters both geological and hydro-meteorological disasters. Large-scale natural disasters resulting in the community have to evacuate. All this time, people carry most items they think will be required in the evacuation by using bags. Based on research through discussions and questionnaires in mind that the bags are used by the public is not ergonomic and effective when used as a bag of disaster preparedness. Currently, disaster preparedness bags have been found in online shopping sites like Amazon, but still found a few things necessary for improve. Therefore, in this study conducted disaster preparedness bag design by considering the ergonomic aspects and be able to load all the needs required during the evacuation 1x24 hours. This design is done by Morphological Chart Method by conducting the stages; concept development, alternative development plans, and the assessment and determination of the best design alternatives with the help of speakers from disaster agencies, including BPBDs city of Padang, PMI West Sumatra Province, and KOGAMI (Tsunami Alert Community) as well as speakers from the field of convection bags. This research result in the design of disaster preparedness bags already consider some aspects of ergonomics among others the size of bags that use anthropometric data, the comfort of the back board design and the main rope bag, the placement of goods in bags that wear barriers in order to facilitate the taking or placing of goods, and heavy bags under the restrictions adopted by the ILO. Another aspect to consider is the bag sufficient capacity to accommodate the need for 1x24 hours of the evacuation according to Buku Saku Tanggap Tangkas BNPB 2017. Estimated price of this disaster preparedness bag is Rp 202.100,- per unit. Keywords: Disaster Preparedness Bag, Evacuation, Morphological Chart Method