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Using D-B primers to detect SARS-COV-2 virus in nasopharyngeal samples using fast conditions. (A) cDNAs from reverse-transcribed RNA extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs of 3 patients (S1, S2, S3) as well as SARS-COV-2 synthetic RNA “N” were subjected to qPCR using primer mix #8 and VIC-TqM probe #12 and TqM fast kit+ UDG. Ct values: Patient S1- 20.44, patient S2- 21.26, patient S3- 21.38, synthetic RNA- 25.78, NYC- 37.63. (B) one-tube RT-qPCR using template RNA extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs of positive patient S2 as well as SARS-COV-2 synthetic RNA “N”, TqM fast kit without UDG and iScript reverse-transcriptase. Insert- 1.5% agarose gel: lane 1- 100 bp ladder; lane 2- SARS-COV-2 synthetic RNA “N”. lane 3- RNA extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs of patient S2. Ct- values: Patient S1- 23.47, synthetic RNA- 27.36, NTC- undetermined.

Supplemental Material, sj-r-1-jbd-10.1177_01650254211031631 for Solutions for latent growth modeling following COVID-19-related discontinuities in change and disruptions in longitudinal data collection by Charlie Rioux, Zachary L. Stickley and Todd D. Little in International Journal of Behavioral Development

Additional file 4: Table S3. Mapping and conversion statistics for Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing data used in this publication.

Authors’ original file for figure 8

Related Article: Neha Choudhary, Hayden Scheiber, Jiale Zhang, Brian O. Patrick, María de Guadalupe Jaraquemada-Peláez, Chris Orvig|2021|Inorg.Chem.|60|12855|doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01175

A common feature of solid tumours that are resistant to therapy is the presence of regions with low oxygen content (i.e., hypoxia). Oxygen electrode studies suggest that localized prostate adenocarcinoma is commonly hypoxic, although conflicting data have been reported between immunohistochemical detection of hypoxia-induced proteins in biopsy specimens and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of 18F-labeled hypoxia reporters. Although the 2-nitroimidazole 18F-EF5 is well-established to label hypoxic tumour cells in pre-clinical tumour models and clinical trials of multiple primary tumour sites, it has yet to be tested in prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using 18F-EF5 to detect hypoxia in clinical prostate tumours. Patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate were recruited for pre-treatment 18F-EF5 PET scans. Immunohistochemistry was conducted on diagnostic biopsies to assess the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), osteopontin (OPN), and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). Immunoreactivity scores of staining intensity and frequency were used to indicate the presence of tumour hypoxia. We found low tumour-to-muscle ratios of 18F-EF5 uptake that were not consistent with tumour hypoxia, causing early termination of the study. However, we observed GLUT1 and OPN expression in all prostate tumour biopsies, indicating the presence of hypoxia in all tumours. Our data do not support the use of 18F-EF5 PET to detect hypoxia in prostate adenocarcinoma, and suggest the use of immunohistochemistry to quantify expression of the hypoxia-inducible proteins GLUT1 and OPN as indications of prostate tumour hypoxia.

Additional file 15: Supplementary Movie 8. Description: Time-lapse imaging of 4RD-YFP reporter cells seeded with S1 brain fractions including pathogenic tau derived from aged TgTauP301L mice with neurological signs. Images were obtained for 7 hours (10 min/frame for 42 frames). Scale bars, 10 μm.

Additional file 2: Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR) Tool Compound Library.

Additional file 19: Supplementary Movie 12. Description: Time-lapse imaging of GFP-0N4R reporter cells seeded with S1 brain fractions including pathogenic tau derived from aged TgTauP301L mice with neurological signs. Images were obtained for 16 hours (10 min/frame for 96 frames). Scale bars, 10 μm.

Related Article: Sumanta Garai, Luciana M. Leo, Anna-Maria Szczesniak, Dow P. Hurst, Peter C. Schaffer, Ayat Zagzoog, Tallan Black, Jeffrey R. Deschamps, Elke Miess, Stefan Schulz, David R. Janero, Alex Straiker, Roger G. Pertwee, Mary E. Abood, Melanie E. M. Kelly, Patricia H. Reggio, Robert B. Laprairie, Ganesh A. Thakur|2021|J.Med.Chem.|64|8104|doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00040