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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: E, Stragier; R, Massart; M, Salery; M, Hamon; +4 Authors

    High ethanol intake is well known to induce both anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects, in correlation with chromatin remodeling in the amygdaloid brain region and deficits in cell proliferation and survival in the hippocampus of rodents. Whether only moderate but chronic ethanol intake in C57BL/6J mice could also have an impact on chromatin remodeling and neuroplasticity was addressed here. Chronic ethanol consumption in a free choice paradigm was found to induce marked changes in the expression of genes implicated in neural development and histone post-translational modifications in the mouse hippocampus. Transcripts encoding neural bHLH activators and those from Bdnf exons II, III and VI were upregulated, whereas those from Bdnf exon VIII and Hdacs were downregulated by ethanol compared with water consumption. These ethanol-induced changes were associated with enrichment in both acetylated H3 at Bdnf promoter PVI and trimethylated H3 at PII and PIII. Conversely, acetylated H3 at PIII and PVIII and trimethylated H3 at PVIII were decreased in ethanol-exposed mice. In parallel, hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and TrkB-mediated neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus were significantly enhanced by ethanol consumption. These results suggest that, in C57BL/6J mice, chronic and moderate ethanol intake produces marked epigenetic changes underlying BDNF overexpression and downstream hippocampal neurogenesis.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Molecular Psychiatryarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Molecular Psychiatry
    Article . 2014
    License: Springer TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Molecular Psychiatryarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Molecular Psychiatry
      Article . 2014
      License: Springer TDM
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  • Authors: Florence Loisel; Chantal Farmer; P. Ramaekers; Hélène Quesnel;

    Dietary fiber given during pregnancy may influence sow endocrinology and increase piglet BW gain during early lactation. The aim of the current study was to determine whether dietary fiber given to sows during late pregnancy induces endocrine changes that could modulate sow colostrum production and, thus, piglet performance. From d 106 of pregnancy until parturition, 29 Landrace×Large White nulliparous sows were fed gestation diets containing 23.4 [high fiber (HF); n=15] or 13.3% total dietary fiber [low fiber (LF); n=14]. In the HF diet, wheat and barley were partly replaced by soybean hulls, wheat bran, sunflower meal (undecorticated), and sugar beet pulp. After parturition, sows were fed a standard lactation diet. Colostrum production was estimated during 24 h, starting at the onset of parturition (T0) and ending at 24 h after parturition (T24) based on piglet weight gains. Jugular blood samples were collected from sows on d 101 of pregnancy, daily from d 111 of gestation to d 3 of lactation, and then on d 7 and 21 of lactation (d 0 being the day of parturition). Postprandial kinetics of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were determined on d 112 of pregnancy. The feeding treatment did not influence sow colostrum yield (3.9±0.2 kg) or piglet weight gain during the first day postpartum to d 21 of lactation. Colostrum intake of low birth weight piglets (<900 g) was greater in litters from HF sows than from LF sows (216±24 vs. 137±22 g; P=0.02). Preweaning mortality was lower in HF than LF litters (6.2 vs. 14.7%; P=0.01). Circulating concentrations of progesterone, prolactin, estradiol-17β, and cortisol were not influenced by the treatment. Sows fed the HF diet had greater postprandial insulin concentrations than LF sows (P=0.02) whereas the postprandial glucose peak was similar. At T24, colostrum produced by HF sows contained 29% more lipid than colostrum produced by LF sows (P=0.04). Immunoglobulin A concentrations in colostrum were lower at T0 and T24 (P=0.02) in HF than LF sows (at T0: 8.6±1.1 vs. 11.9±1.1 mg/mL; at T24: 2.5±0.7 vs. 4.8±0.7 mg/mL). In conclusion, dietary fiber in late pregnancy affected sow colostrum composition but not colostrum yield, increased colostrum intake of low birth weight piglets, and decreased preweaning mortality, but these effects were not related to changes in peripartum concentrations of the main hormones involved in lactogenesis.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kathryn Janet Brooks; Dave Reid; Olivier Thebaud; Sophie Gourguet; +7 Authors

    Marine and coastal activities are closely interrelated, and conflicts among different sectors can undermine management and conservation objectives. Governance systems for fisheries, power generation, irrigation, aquaculture, marine biodiversity conservation, and other coastal and maritime activities are typically organized to manage conflicts within sectors, rather than across them. Based on the discussions around eight case studies presented at a workshop held in Brest in June 2019, this paper explores institutional approaches to move beyond managing conflicts within a sector. We primarily focus on cases where the groups and sectors involved are heterogeneous in terms of: the jurisdiction they fall under; their objectives; and the way they value ecosystem services. The paper first presents a synthesis of frameworks for understanding and managing cross-sectoral governance conflicts, drawing from social and natural sciences. We highlight commonalities but also conceptual differences across disciplines to address these issues. We then propose a novel analytical framework which we used to evaluate the eight case studies. Based on the main lessons learned from case studies, we then discuss the feasibility and key determinants of stakeholder collaboration as well as compensation and incentive schemes. The discussion concludes with future research needs to support policy development and inform integrated institutional regimes that consider the diversity of stakeholder interests and the potential benefits of cross-sectoral coordination.

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    Frontiers in Marine Science
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      Frontiers in Marine Science
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Roueff, Antoine; Gerin, Maryvonne; Gratier, Pierre; Levrier, François; +22 Authors

    CO isotopologue transitions are routinely observed in molecular clouds to probe the column density of the gas, the elemental ratios of carbon and oxygen, and to trace the kinematics of the environment. We aim at estimating the abundances, excitation temperatures, velocity field and velocity dispersions of the three main CO isotopologues towards a subset of the Orion B molecular cloud. We use the Cramer Rao Bound (CRB) technique to analyze and estimate the precision of the physical parameters in the framework of local-thermodynamic-equilibrium excitation and radiative transfer with an additive white Gaussian noise. We propose a maximum likelihood estimator to infer the physical conditions from the 1-0 and 2-1 transitions of CO isotopologues. Simulations show that this estimator is unbiased and efficient for a common range of excitation temperatures and column densities (Tex > 6 K, N > 1e14 - 1e15 cm-2). Contrary to the general assumptions, the different CO isotopologues have distinct excitation temperatures, and the line intensity ratios between different isotopologues do not accurately reflect the column density ratios. We find mean fractional abundances that are consistent with previous determinations towards other molecular clouds. However, significant local deviations are inferred, not only in regions exposed to UV radiation field but also in shielded regions. These deviations result from the competition between selective photodissociation, chemical fractionation, and depletion on grain surfaces. We observe that the velocity dispersion of the C18O emission is 10% smaller than that of 13CO. The substantial gain resulting from the simultaneous analysis of two different rotational transitions of the same species is rigorously quantified. The CRB technique is a promising avenue for analyzing the estimation of physical parameters from the fit of spectral lines. 27 pages, 23 PDF figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Uses aa latex macro

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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2020
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Amandine, Erb; Philippe, Marsan; Manuella, Burgart; Aurélie, Remy; +4 Authors

    Abstract Mixed exposure to chemical products is a topical issue for occupational health and often includes exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). As very few methods are available for evaluating these mixed exposures, the aim of this work was to develop a simple biomonitoring method to assess simultaneous occupational exposures to chlorinated and aromatic VOCs by analyzing the unmetabolized fraction of the VOCs in the urine of workers. Volatile organic compounds were analyzed using dynamic headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (dHS-GC–MS), and 11 unmetabolized urinary VOCs were measured into headspace phase, without any time-consuming pretreatment. Simultaneously, a standardized collection protocol was designed to avoid VOC losses or the contamination of urinary samples. The calibration samples were real urines, spiked with known amounts of the VOC mixtures studied. Test investigations were performed on potentially exposed workers in three factories in order to assess the effectiveness of both the collection protocol and analytical method. A satisfactory level of sensitivity was achieved, with limits of quantification (LOQ) between 10 and 15 ng/L obtained for all VOCs (except for styrene at 50 ng/L). Calibration curves were linear in the 0–20 μg/L range tested, with R2 correlation coefficients of 0.991 to 0.998. At the lowest concentration tested (0.08 μg/L), within-day precision varied from 2.1 to 5.5% and between-day precision ranged from 2.7 to 8.5%. Sample stability at −20 °C required that urinary samples be analyzed within 3 months. Even though the urinary concentrations of VOCs used in the plants were mostly quite low, significant differences between post-shift and pre-shift were observed. In conclusion, a fast, sensitive, specific and easy-to-use method has been developed for extracting VOCs from human urine using dHS-GC–MS. The method described has proven to be reliable for assessing current occupational exposure to chlorinated and aromatic VOCs in France.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Journal of Chromatog...arrow_drop_down
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    Journal of Chromatography B
    Article
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Chromatography B
    Article . 2019
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Journal of Chromatog...arrow_drop_down
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      Journal of Chromatography B
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      Journal of Chromatography B
      Article . 2019
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Aubry, Anne;

    Dans la perspective de son cinquantenaire en 2013, le CCO (Centre culturel oecuménique de Villeurbanne) a engagé une recherche-action sur les dynamiques interculturelles qui l’animent. Dès lors, comment les pratiques sédimentent ce qui pourrait « faire patrimoine », institutionnalisant un lieu, des modes de faire et des valeurs de l’ordre de l’interculturel? L’ethnographie du dispositif de création artistique participative « Paroles sur place », qui a pour objectif d’amener les personnes qui y prennent part à se rencontrer et à créer de l’« en-commun » en puisant dans leurs propres ressources culturelles pour arriver à la création d’un spectacle, nous donnerait à voir les modalités particulières d’un « faire patrimoine » en interculturalité. La pratique développée ne permettrait-elle pas de saisir les dimensions prospectives du patrimoine, dont l’existence reposerait sur une dynamique de recréation constante par opération de branchements? Ne pourrait-on pas émettre l’hypothèse qu’un patrimoine puisse être « impropre », ne pas faire l’objet de propriété exclusive et que s’ouvrirait là des processus de subjectivation? Enfin, comment au travers de dynamiques de compositions, recompositions et hybridations des ressources culturelles des personnes pouvons-nous comprendre le « vivant » du patrimoine au travers d’activités sociales? La valeur serait moins intrinsèque à l’objet patrimonial en tant que tel que liée à son usage et aux échanges qu’il permet pour contribuer à un commun toujours en train de se faire, jamais complètement réalisé. Le vivant du patrimoine serait alors une préservation en interculturalité des dynamiques qui permettent de faire valeur.

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    Authors: Moreira, Natalia; Aït-Kadi, Daoud; Vieira, Darli, Rodrigues; Romero, Alejandro; +2 Authors

    Part 5: Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering; International audience; Aviation represents 12% of the CO2 emissions from all transport sources in the world. These pollutants are even stronger in their impact because they are released at high altitudes. Therefore, aeronautical companies have adopted the eco-design and PLM perspective to integrate the environmental concerns into the development of their products. PLM permits to include the environmental matters into every phase of the development process, not forgetting traditional arguments such as function, costs, production and aesthetics. Research regarding ecologically concerned textiles in aviation completion industry is not available in literature, especially those regarding its whole lifecycle and supply chain. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse this unexplored concern by assessing the integration of eco-design and PLM perspective for the use of textile materials in this industry sector. Through a case study, the research team explored the completion function of a north-American company in general and, specifically, the use of textile materials for internal completion of the aircraft. Even though representing 1% of the total weight of the aircraft, textiles represent an important factor in the composition of an airplane and the fact that it is being thought off as another recyclable and not disposable part of it should mean a shift in the perception of its growing importance in the development of the plane as a whole.

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    https://link.springer.com/cont...
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    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2014
    License: Springer TDM
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    Hal-Diderot
    Conference object . 2014
    License: CC BY
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      https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2014
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    Authors: Guillaume T. Duval; Antoine Brangier; Jean Barré; Cyrille P. Launay; +2 Authors

    \ₑprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jgs.13504

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    Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
    Article . 2015
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    Authors: Guillou, A.; Choubert, Georges; DE LA NOUE, J.;

    Abstract 1. 1. Using one force-fed meal, eight mature female rainbow trout received [14C]astaxanthin ([14C]Ax) with [3H]canthaxanthin ([3H]Cx; N = 3) or with [3H]zeaxanthin ([3H]Zx; N = 5). 2. 2. Approximately 200 μl of blood were collected via caudal puncture every 24 hr for 4 days. After 96 hr, the fish were killed and pyloric caeca (P.C.) from the duodenal intestine (D.I.) section, ileal intestine (I.I.), and posterior intestine (P.I.) were dissected out. 3. 3. In the blood, Ax levels were higher than Cx followed by Zx levels. 4. 4. This corresponds to their respective absorption by the trout as was confirmed by their relative concentrations in P.C., I.I. and P.I. 5. 5. However, blood clearance was similar for all three compounds. [14C]Phoenicoxanthin ([14C]Px) was detected as a reduced metabolite of [14C]Ax in all gut sections.

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    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology
    Article . 1992
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      Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology
      Article . 1992
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    Authors: Elena Piersanti; Claudio Righetti; David Ribeaucourt; A. Jalila Simaan; +5 Authors

    International audience; 1D 1H NMR spectroscopy has been widely used to monitor enzymatic activity by recording the evolution of the spectra of substrates and/or products thanks to the linear response of NMR. For complex systems involving the coexistence of multiple compounds (substrate, final product and various intermediates), the identification and quantification can be a more arduous task. Here, we present a simple analytical method for a rapid characterization of reaction mixtures involving enzymatic complexes using Maximum Quantum (MaxQ) NMR, accelerated with the Non-Uniform Sampling (NUS) acquisition procedure. Specifically, this approach enables, in a first analytical step, to count the molecules present in the samples. We also show, using two different enzymatic systems, that the implementation of these pulse sequences implies precautions related to the short relaxation times due to the presence of metallo-enzymes or paramagnetic catalysts. Finally, the combination of MaxQ and diffusion experiments, which leads to a 3D chart, greatly improves the resolution and offers an extreme simplification of the spectra while giving valuable indications on the affinity of the enzymes to the different compounds present in the reaction mixture.

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    The Analyst
    Article . 2022
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    Article . 2022
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      The Analyst
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    Authors: E, Stragier; R, Massart; M, Salery; M, Hamon; +4 Authors

    High ethanol intake is well known to induce both anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects, in correlation with chromatin remodeling in the amygdaloid brain region and deficits in cell proliferation and survival in the hippocampus of rodents. Whether only moderate but chronic ethanol intake in C57BL/6J mice could also have an impact on chromatin remodeling and neuroplasticity was addressed here. Chronic ethanol consumption in a free choice paradigm was found to induce marked changes in the expression of genes implicated in neural development and histone post-translational modifications in the mouse hippocampus. Transcripts encoding neural bHLH activators and those from Bdnf exons II, III and VI were upregulated, whereas those from Bdnf exon VIII and Hdacs were downregulated by ethanol compared with water consumption. These ethanol-induced changes were associated with enrichment in both acetylated H3 at Bdnf promoter PVI and trimethylated H3 at PII and PIII. Conversely, acetylated H3 at PIII and PVIII and trimethylated H3 at PVIII were decreased in ethanol-exposed mice. In parallel, hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and TrkB-mediated neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus were significantly enhanced by ethanol consumption. These results suggest that, in C57BL/6J mice, chronic and moderate ethanol intake produces marked epigenetic changes underlying BDNF overexpression and downstream hippocampal neurogenesis.

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    Molecular Psychiatry
    Article . 2014
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      Molecular Psychiatry
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  • Authors: Florence Loisel; Chantal Farmer; P. Ramaekers; Hélène Quesnel;

    Dietary fiber given during pregnancy may influence sow endocrinology and increase piglet BW gain during early lactation. The aim of the current study was to determine whether dietary fiber given to sows during late pregnancy induces endocrine changes that could modulate sow colostrum production and, thus, piglet performance. From d 106 of pregnancy until parturition, 29 Landrace×Large White nulliparous sows were fed gestation diets containing 23.4 [high fiber (HF); n=15] or 13.3% total dietary fiber [low fiber (LF); n=14]. In the HF diet, wheat and barley were partly replaced by soybean hulls, wheat bran, sunflower meal (undecorticated), and sugar beet pulp. After parturition, sows were fed a standard lactation diet. Colostrum production was estimated during 24 h, starting at the onset of parturition (T0) and ending at 24 h after parturition (T24) based on piglet weight gains. Jugular blood samples were collected from sows on d 101 of pregnancy, daily from d 111 of gestation to d 3 of lactation, and then on d 7 and 21 of lactation (d 0 being the day of parturition). Postprandial kinetics of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were determined on d 112 of pregnancy. The feeding treatment did not influence sow colostrum yield (3.9±0.2 kg) or piglet weight gain during the first day postpartum to d 21 of lactation. Colostrum intake of low birth weight piglets (<900 g) was greater in litters from HF sows than from LF sows (216±24 vs. 137±22 g; P=0.02). Preweaning mortality was lower in HF than LF litters (6.2 vs. 14.7%; P=0.01). Circulating concentrations of progesterone, prolactin, estradiol-17β, and cortisol were not influenced by the treatment. Sows fed the HF diet had greater postprandial insulin concentrations than LF sows (P=0.02) whereas the postprandial glucose peak was similar. At T24, colostrum produced by HF sows contained 29% more lipid than colostrum produced by LF sows (P=0.04). Immunoglobulin A concentrations in colostrum were lower at T0 and T24 (P=0.02) in HF than LF sows (at T0: 8.6±1.1 vs. 11.9±1.1 mg/mL; at T24: 2.5±0.7 vs. 4.8±0.7 mg/mL). In conclusion, dietary fiber in late pregnancy affected sow colostrum composition but not colostrum yield, increased colostrum intake of low birth weight piglets, and decreased preweaning mortality, but these effects were not related to changes in peripartum concentrations of the main hormones involved in lactogenesis.

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    Authors: Kathryn Janet Brooks; Dave Reid; Olivier Thebaud; Sophie Gourguet; +7 Authors

    Marine and coastal activities are closely interrelated, and conflicts among different sectors can undermine management and conservation objectives. Governance systems for fisheries, power generation, irrigation, aquaculture, marine biodiversity conservation, and other coastal and maritime activities are typically organized to manage conflicts within sectors, rather than across them. Based on the discussions around eight case studies presented at a workshop held in Brest in June 2019, this paper explores institutional approaches to move beyond managing conflicts within a sector. We primarily focus on cases where the groups and sectors involved are heterogeneous in terms of: the jurisdiction they fall under; their objectives; and the way they value ecosystem services. The paper first presents a synthesis of frameworks for understanding and managing cross-sectoral governance conflicts, drawing from social and natural sciences. We highlight commonalities but also conceptual differences across disciplines to address these issues. We then propose a novel analytical framework which we used to evaluate the eight case studies. Based on the main lessons learned from case studies, we then discuss the feasibility and key determinants of stakeholder collaboration as well as compensation and incentive schemes. The discussion concludes with future research needs to support policy development and inform integrated institutional regimes that consider the diversity of stakeholder interests and the potential benefits of cross-sectoral coordination.

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    Frontiers in Marine Science
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    Authors: Roueff, Antoine; Gerin, Maryvonne; Gratier, Pierre; Levrier, François; +22 Authors

    CO isotopologue transitions are routinely observed in molecular clouds to probe the column density of the gas, the elemental ratios of carbon and oxygen, and to trace the kinematics of the environment. We aim at estimating the abundances, excitation temperatures, velocity field and velocity dispersions of the three main CO isotopologues towards a subset of the Orion B molecular cloud. We use the Cramer Rao Bound (CRB) technique to analyze and estimate the precision of the physical parameters in the framework of local-thermodynamic-equilibrium excitation and radiative transfer with an additive white Gaussian noise. We propose a maximum likelihood estimator to infer the physical conditions from the 1-0 and 2-1 transitions of CO isotopologues. Simulations show that this estimator is unbiased and efficient for a common range of excitation temperatures and column densities (Tex > 6 K, N > 1e14 - 1e15 cm-2). Contrary to the general assumptions, the different CO isotopologues have distinct excitation temperatures, and the line intensity ratios between different isotopologues do not accurately reflect the column density ratios. We find mean fractional abundances that are consistent with previous determinations towards other molecular clouds. However, significant local deviations are inferred, not only in regions exposed to UV radiation field but also in shielded regions. These deviations result from the competition between selective photodissociation, chemical fractionation, and depletion on grain surfaces. We observe that the velocity dispersion of the C18O emission is 10% smaller than that of 13CO. The substantial gain resulting from the simultaneous analysis of two different rotational transitions of the same species is rigorously quantified. The CRB technique is a promising avenue for analyzing the estimation of physical parameters from the fit of spectral lines. 27 pages, 23 PDF figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Uses aa latex macro

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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2020
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
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    Authors: Amandine, Erb; Philippe, Marsan; Manuella, Burgart; Aurélie, Remy; +4 Authors

    Abstract Mixed exposure to chemical products is a topical issue for occupational health and often includes exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). As very few methods are available for evaluating these mixed exposures, the aim of this work was to develop a simple biomonitoring method to assess simultaneous occupational exposures to chlorinated and aromatic VOCs by analyzing the unmetabolized fraction of the VOCs in the urine of workers. Volatile organic compounds were analyzed using dynamic headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (dHS-GC–MS), and 11 unmetabolized urinary VOCs were measured into headspace phase, without any time-consuming pretreatment. Simultaneously, a standardized collection protocol was designed to avoid VOC losses or the contamination of urinary samples. The calibration samples were real urines, spiked with known amounts of the VOC mixtures studied. Test investigations were performed on potentially exposed workers in three factories in order to assess the effectiveness of both the collection protocol and analytical method. A satisfactory level of sensitivity was achieved, with limits of quantification (LOQ) between 10 and 15 ng/L obtained for all VOCs (except for styrene at 50 ng/L). Calibration curves were linear in the 0–20 μg/L range tested, with R2 correlation coefficients of 0.991 to 0.998. At the lowest concentration tested (0.08 μg/L), within-day precision varied from 2.1 to 5.5% and between-day precision ranged from 2.7 to 8.5%. Sample stability at −20 °C required that urinary samples be analyzed within 3 months. Even though the urinary concentrations of VOCs used in the plants were mostly quite low, significant differences between post-shift and pre-shift were observed. In conclusion, a fast, sensitive, specific and easy-to-use method has been developed for extracting VOCs from human urine using dHS-GC–MS. The method described has proven to be reliable for assessing current occupational exposure to chlorinated and aromatic VOCs in France.

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    Journal of Chromatography B
    Article
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    Journal of Chromatography B
    Article . 2019
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      Journal of Chromatography B
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      Journal of Chromatography B
      Article . 2019
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    Authors: Aubry, Anne;

    Dans la perspective de son cinquantenaire en 2013, le CCO (Centre culturel oecuménique de Villeurbanne) a engagé une recherche-action sur les dynamiques interculturelles qui l’animent. Dès lors, comment les pratiques sédimentent ce qui pourrait « faire patrimoine », institutionnalisant un lieu, des modes de faire et des valeurs de l’ordre de l’interculturel? L’ethnographie du dispositif de création artistique participative « Paroles sur place », qui a pour objectif d’amener les personnes qui y prennent part à se rencontrer et à créer de l’« en-commun » en puisant dans leurs propres ressources culturelles pour arriver à la création d’un spectacle, nous donnerait à voir les modalités particulières d’un « faire patrimoine » en interculturalité. La pratique développée ne permettrait-elle pas de saisir les dimensions prospectives du patrimoine, dont l’existence reposerait sur une dynamique de recréation constante par opération de branchements? Ne pourrait-on pas émettre l’hypothèse qu’un patrimoine puisse être « impropre », ne pas faire l’objet de propriété exclusive et que s’ouvrirait là des processus de subjectivation? Enfin, comment au travers de dynamiques de compositions, recompositions et hybridations des ressources culturelles des personnes pouvons-nous comprendre le « vivant » du patrimoine au travers d’activités sociales? La valeur serait moins intrinsèque à l’objet patrimonial en tant que tel que liée à son usage et aux échanges qu’il permet pour contribuer à un commun toujours en train de se faire, jamais complètement réalisé. Le vivant du patrimoine serait alors une préservation en interculturalité des dynamiques qui permettent de faire valeur.

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    Authors: Moreira, Natalia; Aït-Kadi, Daoud; Vieira, Darli, Rodrigues; Romero, Alejandro; +2 Authors

    Part 5: Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering; International audience; Aviation represents 12% of the CO2 emissions from all transport sources in the world. These pollutants are even stronger in their impact because they are released at high altitudes. Therefore, aeronautical companies have adopted the eco-design and PLM perspective to integrate the environmental concerns into the development of their products. PLM permits to include the environmental matters into every phase of the development process, not forgetting traditional arguments such as function, costs, production and aesthetics. Research regarding ecologically concerned textiles in aviation completion industry is not available in literature, especially those regarding its whole lifecycle and supply chain. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse this unexplored concern by assessing the integration of eco-design and PLM perspective for the use of textile materials in this industry sector. Through a case study, the research team explored the completion function of a north-American company in general and, specifically, the use of textile materials for internal completion of the aircraft. Even though representing 1% of the total weight of the aircraft, textiles represent an important factor in the composition of an airplane and the fact that it is being thought off as another recyclable and not disposable part of it should mean a shift in the perception of its growing importance in the development of the plane as a whole.

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    https://link.springer.com/cont...
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    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2014
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      https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2014
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    Authors: Guillaume T. Duval; Antoine Brangier; Jean Barré; Cyrille P. Launay; +2 Authors

    \ₑprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jgs.13504

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    Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
    Article . 2015
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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    Authors: Guillou, A.; Choubert, Georges; DE LA NOUE, J.;

    Abstract 1. 1. Using one force-fed meal, eight mature female rainbow trout received [14C]astaxanthin ([14C]Ax) with [3H]canthaxanthin ([3H]Cx; N = 3) or with [3H]zeaxanthin ([3H]Zx; N = 5). 2. 2. Approximately 200 μl of blood were collected via caudal puncture every 24 hr for 4 days. After 96 hr, the fish were killed and pyloric caeca (P.C.) from the duodenal intestine (D.I.) section, ileal intestine (I.I.), and posterior intestine (P.I.) were dissected out. 3. 3. In the blood, Ax levels were higher than Cx followed by Zx levels. 4. 4. This corresponds to their respective absorption by the trout as was confirmed by their relative concentrations in P.C., I.I. and P.I. 5. 5. However, blood clearance was similar for all three compounds. [14C]Phoenicoxanthin ([14C]Px) was detected as a reduced metabolite of [14C]Ax in all gut sections.

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    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology
    Article . 1992
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      Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology
      Article . 1992
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    Authors: Elena Piersanti; Claudio Righetti; David Ribeaucourt; A. Jalila Simaan; +5 Authors

    International audience; 1D 1H NMR spectroscopy has been widely used to monitor enzymatic activity by recording the evolution of the spectra of substrates and/or products thanks to the linear response of NMR. For complex systems involving the coexistence of multiple compounds (substrate, final product and various intermediates), the identification and quantification can be a more arduous task. Here, we present a simple analytical method for a rapid characterization of reaction mixtures involving enzymatic complexes using Maximum Quantum (MaxQ) NMR, accelerated with the Non-Uniform Sampling (NUS) acquisition procedure. Specifically, this approach enables, in a first analytical step, to count the molecules present in the samples. We also show, using two different enzymatic systems, that the implementation of these pulse sequences implies precautions related to the short relaxation times due to the presence of metallo-enzymes or paramagnetic catalysts. Finally, the combination of MaxQ and diffusion experiments, which leads to a 3D chart, greatly improves the resolution and offers an extreme simplification of the spectra while giving valuable indications on the affinity of the enzymes to the different compounds present in the reaction mixture.

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    The Analyst
    Article . 2022
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    Article . 2022
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      The Analyst
      Article . 2022
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