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The idea of filtering has played a key role in our understanding of housing markets and in framing federal policy. The origins of the idea, however, and of the term itself, are poorly understood. Drawing loosely on the approach of discourse analysis, this article clarifies both issues, arguing that language shapes how we think about housing policy, and indeed policy itself. The concept of filtering emerged in Great Britain in the late nineteenth century where, by 1900, it informed arguments in favor of municipal (public) housing. It became influential in the United States in the 1920s but in 1938 was still referred to in different ways, notably as “hand-me-down housing.” Here, it was understood more narrowly, as an alternative to public housing. After 1939, the Federal Housing Administration, though not its leading consultant Homer Hoyt, popularized the term “filtering.” The neutral connotations of this metaphorical term suited the agency's goal of developing an apparently objective discourse of housing m...

This paper examines equity planning in the face of growing adversity in cities of the Global South. The literature broadly addresses this question from the perspective of empowered social movements...

Expansion et famines chez les Inuit - Caribous " Le scénario et ses interprétationsBien documentée, l'histoire économique, sociale et démographique des Inuit " Caribous " au cours des trois derniers siècles est marquée par de grandes transformations. Elle ne se conforme pas à l'opinion selon laquelle les populations autochtones d'Amérique du Nord entretenaient une relation harmonieuse avec leur environnement, soucieuses de régler leur croissance et d'exploiter leurs ressources avec modération et prévoyance. L'exemple est-il typique ou exceptionnel ? Une tentative de réponse comporte la discussion de problèmes connexes, tels que les changements attribuables au contact avec les Blancs, la nature des explications démographiques et le comportement exploitant des Inuit. Expansion and Stan:ation among the Caribou Inuit The Scénario and Ils InterprétationsWell documented, the économie, social and démographie history of the " Caribou " Inuit during the last three centuries exhibits gréât transformations. It doesn't verify the common opinion according to which aboriginal North American populations interacted harmoniously with their environment, regulating theirgrowth and exploiting resources with modération. Is the example given hère typical or exceptional ? An attempt is made to answer, which entails the discussion of connected problems, such as the changes attributable to contacts with Whites, the nature of démographie explanations, and the exploitative behaviors of the Caribou Inuit.

Dans toute mise en valeur de régions sises au-delà de l'écoumène, où les accidents géographiques portent peu de noms, il est de nécessité de compléter la choronymie à peine commencée. Des régionymes bien établis, tels Charlevoix, Gaspésie et Mauricie, ou de création relativement récente, tels Estrie, Minganie et Hudsonie, côtoient d'autres régionymes qui viennent à peine d'être proposés, tels Sagamie (de Saguenay et Piécouagami, ou lac Saint-Jean) et Jamésie. Ce dernier nom s'appliquerait aux basses-terres adjacentes à la baie de James, et pour cause; l'adjectif serait jamésien(ne). En 1967, le régionyme Radissonie a été donné au territoire couvrant la baie de James, ses îles et son pourtour jusqu'à la ligne de partage des eaux; le mot s'applique ainsi à une grande portion du Québec, de l'Ontario et du Manitoba. La Jamésie ne recouvrirait donc que la partie centrale de ce vaste ensemble, tandis que l'équivalent québécois correspondrait surtout aux plaines d'argile jadis mises en place au sein des eaux post-glaciaires de la mer de Tyrrell, comme à la moitié orientale de la baie elle-même. Elle s'étendrait du nord de l'Abitibi à la pointe de Louis-XIV, là où débute la mer d'Hudson; vers l'est ou l'intérieur des terres, elle se terminerait au réservoir Boyd-Sakami récemment créé, ou coïnciderait en gros avec la route qui va de Matagami à LG 2. Among the development of a new country, the adoption of choronyms is essential in designating these recently occupied regions. Well-known and accepted regionyms (names of regions) like Charlevoix, Gaspésie or Mauricie and the recent use of Hudsonia, Minganie and Estrie with the newly named Sagamie (from Saguenay and Piecouagami, or Lac Saint-Jean region) are already well-established but nevertheless other regions, like the land bording James Bay, remain nameless. Therefore, might we propose the regionym Jamesia (Jamésie) and its derived adjective jamesian (jamésien, ne) to designate this land. In 1967, the term Radissonia (Radissonie) suggested by R. Lejeune was accepted for all James Bay and its islands, together with the coast line and the interior land on both sides, from central New Québec to Manitoba. Jamesia would consequently be included in this vast territory. The Québec Jamesia for its part consists mainly of the eastern part of James Bay including its islands and the lowlands recently emerged from the transgression waters of the postglacial Tyrrell Sea. This territory spreads from Abitibi and joins to the North the Louis-XIV Point (lately Cape Jones) which is the southem limit of Hudsonia, and extends eastward to the long Boyd-Sakami Reservoir; this limit runs parallely inland along the Matagami-LG 2 road.

Corrosion features were observed on the South Shore of the Maritime St. Lawrence Estuary, in conglomerate, limestone, sandstone, shale and cristalline boulders, and are here described for the first time. An attempt to classify these minor features characteristic of rocky shores is made and an extensive bibliography is given. An effort should be made to get more information on the geographical distribution of coastal corrosion forms on non calcareous rocks in cold regions.

Durant la crise d'Oka de l'été 1990, les rumeurs entourant les warriors et les revendications territoriales des Mohawks ont produit des images spatiales fortes. Ces images sont porteuses d'un message caché qui cherche à atteindre l'imaginaire profond des Québécois et à occulter les véritables enjeux. Mais la réalité ne se réduit pas à l'image et la crise d'Oka est peut-être plus crise de la rencontre de deux mondes différents, aux conceptions différentes, que d'intérêts politiques ou économiques triviaux. During the 1990 Oka crisis, rumors about warriors and Mohawk territorial claims have produced strong spatial images. These images are carrying a hidden message that hides actual stakes by exciting deep imaginary thought of Quebecers. But reality cannot be reduced to image size, and the Oka crisis might be less an actual fight over trivial economical and political interests than an encounter of two different perceptions of the world, two different cultures.

physical mobility declines, their mobile vulnerability increases. Economic mobility is the key factor that influences their intention to stay in Beijing. Older migrants also described coping strategies to improve their socio-cultural mobility post-migration. These findings will inform service planning for older rural-urban migrants aimed at maintaining their health and wellbeing. experiences of migration from rural to urban areas. Forty-five structured in-depth interviews with older rural-urban migrants aged 55 and over were undertaken in four study sites in Beijing, using the constant comparative method. Results demonstrate that rural household registration (hukou) is an important factor that restricts rural older migrants&rsquo Along with the rapid urbanization process in Beijing, China, the number of older rural-urban migrants is increasing. This study aims to understand how Chinese rural-urban migration in older age is influenced by, and impacts on the migrants&rsquo mobilities. This study draws on a new conceptual framework of mobile vulnerability, influenced by physical, economic, institutional, social and cultural mobility, to understand older people&rsquo institutional mobility. As older migrants&rsquo

Abstract Research over approximately 200 yr on the geomorphic effects of the force of water, wind, waves and ice is reviewed. In a changed scientific, technological, institutional and socio-political context, several trends emerge. Increased focus on measurement of processes from the 1930s onwards was facilitated by new technologies, leading eventually to a blurring of disciplinary boundaries and the emergence of geomorphology as an Earth system science. Human impact research and applications have blossomed and are contributing to an emerging understanding of the Anthropocene. Absolute dating techniques have reinvigorated landform and landscape evolution research, while remote sensing and geospatial science generally have enhanced observation, measurement and modeling of terrestrial and planetary surface and subsurface forms and processes. The historical record demonstrates that geomorphology has attained scientific vigour and societal relevance through fascinating journeys of curiosity, exploration, mapping, measurement, modeling and explanation.