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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Winny Shen; Janice Lam; Christianne T. Varty; Anja Krstic; +1 Authors

    AbstractDespite longstanding recognition that organisations are open systems that are affected by the broader environments in which they are situated, scholars have rarely examined how such macrosocietal conditions may influence processes and experiences within the workplace. Integrating research on selective incivility and mega‐threats, we conceptualise the COVID‐19 pandemic as a racial mega‐threat and examine how this context may challenge organisations' efforts to promote diversity and inclusion. Specifically, we predict that the protective benefits of diversity climate against incivility, an insidious form of modern discrimination incited by the COVID‐19 pandemic, will be weaker for workers of Chinese descent compared to workers from other Asian subgroups, leading to more downstream negative outcomes for this group of workers (i.e., higher turnover intentions, poorer job performance and greater emotional exhaustion). This reflects the fact that workplaces are not impervious to the rising xenophobia toward China and Chinese people, who were particularly blamed and stigmatised for the emergence of this virus, as evident in North American society in early 2020. We found support for our predictions in a three‐wave, time‐separated study of Asian workers (N = 248) in the US and Canada during the first wave of the pandemic.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Applied Psychologyarrow_drop_down
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    Applied Psychology
    Article . 2023
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      Applied Psychology
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Marney E. Isaac; Luke C. N. Anglaaere; Daniel S. Akoto; Evans Dawoe;

    Environmentally induced farmer migration is an important livelihood strategy, yet little is known of the effects on the destination region agroecosystem information networks and management practices. In the forest-savanna transition zone (Brong Ahafo Region) of Ghana, where migration from northern regions (migrant) and from neighboring regions (settler) is active, we chart the role of migrant famers and the type of agroecosystem management practices embedded in information networks using a social networks approach. Based on empirical network data from 44 respondents across three communities, we illustrate a diffuse information network, with variable tie frequency between settlement categories (local, settler, or migrant) of farmers. The cohesion of this network is dependent on a few strategic bridging ties initiated by migrant farmers, who are thus centrally positioned to exchange agroecosystem management practices between geographically and socially distant groups. At the individual level, migrant and settler farmers are more likely: (1) to have larger networks with more ties between members of their networks, (2) to be brokers positioned between non-migrant farmers, and (3) to tend (although not statistically significantly) to use pro-environmental management regimes, including agroforestry practices, new planting methods, and plot-scale weeding. We conceptualize this phenomenon as extended social and environmental experience and the deployment of social-ecological memory, with migrant farmers as potential agents of innovation and adaptive management.

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    Ecology and Society
    Article . 2014
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    Ecology and Society
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    License: CC BY
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    Ecology and Society
    Article . 2014
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    Article . 2014
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      Ecology and Society
      Article . 2014
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      Ecology and Society
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      Ecology and Society
      Article . 2014
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      Article . 2014
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nicola Ulibarri; Idowu Ajibade; Eranga K. Galappaththi; Elphin Tom Joe; +15 Authors

    Governments, businesses, and civil society organizations have diverse policy tools to incentivize adaptation. Policy tools can shape the type and extent of adaptation, and therefore, function either as barriers or enablers for reducing risk and vulnerability. Using data from a systematic review of academic literature on global adaptation responses to climate change (n = 1549 peer-reviewed articles), we categorize the types of policy tools used to shape climate adaptation. We apply qualitative and quantitative analyses to assess the contexts where particular tools are used, along with equity implications for groups targeted by the tools, and the tools’ relationships with transformational adaptation indicators such as the depth, scope, and speed of adaptation. We find diverse types of tools documented across sectors and geographic regions. We also identify a mismatch between the tools that consider equity and those that yield more transformational adaptations. Direct regulations, plans, and capacity building are associated with higher depth and scope of adaptation (thus transformational adaptation), while economic instruments, information provisioning, and networks are not; the latter tools, however, are more likely to target marginalized groups in their design and implementation. We identify multiple research gaps, including a need to assess instrument mixes rather than single tools and to assess adaptations that result from policy implementation. Key policy insights Information-based approaches, networks, and economic instruments are the most frequently documented adaptation policy tools worldwide. Direct regulations, plans, and capacity building are associated with higher depth and scope of adaptation, and thus more transformational adaptation. Capacity building, economic instruments, networks, and information provisioning approaches are more likely to target specific marginalized groups and thus equity challenges. There are many regions and sectors where certain tools are not widely documented (e.g. regulations and plans in Africa and Asia), representing a key research gap. Published version

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    Climate Policy
    Article . 2022 . 2021
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    Climate Policy
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    VTechWorks
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: VTechWorks
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Climate Policy; NARC...arrow_drop_down
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      Climate Policy
      Article . 2022 . 2021
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      Climate Policy
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      VTechWorks
      Article . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: James Michaud; Elena Lvina; Bella L. Galperin; Terri R. Lituchy; +21 Authors

    This article contributes to the literature on cross-cultural leadership by describing the development and validation of the Leadership Effectiveness in Africa and the Diaspora (LEAD) Scale. The LEAD Scale is a culturally sensitive measure of leadership effectiveness in the understudied settings of Africa and the African diaspora. A combination of methods and four studies using samples from Africa and the African diaspora based in Canada, the USA, and the Caribbean were used to develop the measure. Using the grounded theory approach and the Delphi technique ( n = 192), followed by a set of increasingly rigorous tests including exploratory factor analysis ( n = 441), confirmatory factor analysis ( n = 116), and a test of measure invariance ( n =1384), we developed and validated a culturally sensitive measure of effective leadership. Our results demonstrate that spirituality, tradition and community-centredness are important and culturally specific components of leadership in Africa and the African diaspora. This paper provides a validated measure of leadership and offers recommendations regarding the use of the measure by managers and researchers working in Africa or with African diaspora.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao International Journa...arrow_drop_down
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    International Journal of Cross Cultural Management
    Article . 2020
    License: SAGE TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao International Journa...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      International Journal of Cross Cultural Management
      Article . 2020
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Isaac Yeboah; Martin Wiredu Agyekum; Joshua Okyere; Ronald Osei Mensah; +5 Authors

    Abstract Background Despite the importance of contraceptives in reducing unwanted pregnancy and other related maternal morbidity and mortality, contraceptive usage is very low among women in their reproductive ages. In Ghana, there is an increase in contraceptive use for traditional and modern methods in rural areas. However, there is a paucity of studies examining the factors associated with any contraceptive method in the rural Eastern region of Ghana. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the prevalence and determinants of current use of any contraceptive method among women of reproductive age in the rural Eastern Region of Ghana. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women of reproductive age in the rural Eastern region of Ghana. A structured questionnaire was used to interview rural women in Lower Manya and Upper Manya Krobo districts of Eastern region who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data were analysed using Stata version 16. A Binary logistic regression was used to examine the determinants of current use of any contraceptive use (traditional and modern methods). Results The prevalence of contraceptive use was 27.8%. From the unadjusted analyses, age (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.087), desire for another child (p = 0.089) and head of household (p = 0.013) were independently associated with contraceptive use. In the adjusted analysis, contraceptive use was significantly higher among respondents aged 18–35 years (aOR:3.27; 95%CI:1.46–7.34;p = 0.004) or 36–40 years (aOR:2.14;95%CI:0.97–4.71;p = 0.049), husbands/partners who were head of households (aOR:3.40; 95%CI: 0.96–12.10; p = 0.028) compared with those aged 41–49 years and respondents who were head of households respectively. Contraceptive use was significantly lower among migrants (aOR:0.59; 95%CI:0.31–1.09; p = 0.036) compared with non-migrant. Conclusion This study highlights the factors associated with contraceptive use and the need to improve campaigns and educate rural women on contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancy and space birth. Family planning programs should target young women, non-migrants and male-headed households to design an intervention to increase contraceptive use in rural areas.

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    https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
    Preprint . 2023
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      https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
      Preprint . 2023
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  • Authors: Leila M. Harris; Danika Kleiber; Jacqueline Goldin; Akosua K. Darkwah; +1 Authors

    AbstractA large and growing body of literature suggests that women and men often have differentiated relationships to water access, uses, knowledges, governance, and experiences. From a feminist political ecology perspective, these relationships can be mediated by gendered labour practices (within the household, at the community level, or within the workplace), socio-cultural expectations (e.g. related to notions of masculinity and femininity), as well as intersectional differences (e.g. race, income, and so forth). While these relationships are complex, multiple, and vary by context, it is frequently argued that due to responsibility for domestic provision or other pathways, women may be particularly affected if water quality or access is compromised. This paper reports on a statistical evaluation of a 478 household survey conducted in underserved areas of Accra, Ghana and Cape Town, South Africa in early 2012. Interrogating our survey results in the light of the ideas of gender differentiated access, us...

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    Authors: Christine Moore; Alexandra C. Morel; Alexandra C. Morel; Rebecca Ashley Asare; +3 Authors

    Quantifying human impact on the environment is increasingly important and particularly so in complex mosaic landscapes. Such landscapes are prolific in the developing world, notably in West African, small holder cocoa farming communities. Human Appropriated Net Primary Productivity (HANPP) is a metric which has been developed to quantify the human impact on the environment and has been used in a number of studies globally. However, most operationalization’s of HANPP have been done on a coarse global scale or a very local scale, and few studies exist of complex mosaic landscapes. This study utilizes Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles (UAV), or drones, to classify land use and HANPP for three cocoa farming regions in Ghana’s Central Region. The results of the study indicate while all regions differ in land use composition, the primary crop for all is cocoa, followed by palm and then land that was previously cultivated which has been left fallow. The average HANPP was 44% for all measured regions, calculated using net primary productivity (NPP) values of an adjacent natural tropical forest. The HANPP for the three regions studied was found to be approximately 6.69 Mg C ha-1 yr-1, 8.00 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 and 9.85 Mg C ha-1 yr-1. These values are higher than those that have been reported in some widely accepted global studies, and highlight the need for more regional and landscape scale studies to supplement global assessments of HANPP.

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    Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
    Article . 2019
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    Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
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    Article . 2019
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    Article . 2019
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      Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
      Article . 2019
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      Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
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      DOAJ-Articles
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ghadirian, Mona; Marquis, Grace; Andersson, Neil; Dodoo, Naa;

    OBJECTIVES: Assess the perceived influence and value of a participatory video intervention among beneficiaries. METHODS: A 2019 cluster randomized control trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03704649) randomly selected 20 schools in one Ghanaian rural district and enrolled adolescent girls, 13–16 y old. All schools received a curriculum about adolescent nutrition. The 181 girls in the 10 intervention schools also received participatory video workshops to increase nutrition literacy. The Most Significant Change (MSC) method was used to involve adolescents in the intervention arm and local stakeholders to identify and evaluate the value of the participatory video experience. Project staff collected 116 stories of change from adolescents. The stories described shifts in 4 domains: participant, peer, and family behavior and structural changes in the school/community. The lead researcher and project staff developed and used a selection rubric to identify stories that reflected heightened nutrition literacy; 14 stories were chosen. Project staff then conducted in-depth interviews with the 14 adolescents to elaborate on story details and perceived resonance. Finally, a panel of local stakeholders reviewed and assessed the 14 stories and chose four MSC stories, one for each domain. A separate thematic analysis by the lead researcher identified emerging patterns of motivation and action across the 14 interviews. RESULTS: The 4 MSC stories revealed how an adolescent: 1) raised and saved money to buy herself iron-rich foods when parents would not comply, 2) encouraged neighbours to eat iron-rich foods 3) taught a father to weed around iron-rich foods on the farm, and 4) encouraged a sister to sell diverse foods at her school. Local stakeholders valued stories that addressed common community nutrition issues in a creative and sustainable way, whereas adolescents prioritized stories that showed a change in health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Participatory evaluation highlights valuation of local stakeholders and beneficiaries, perceptions that are vital to better understand the influence and reach of interventions. The MSC technique can reveal unexpected benefits of an intervention. FUNDING SOURCES: The Canadian Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Scholarship, funded by IDRC and SSHRC

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    Current Developments in Nutrition
    Article . 2021
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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2021
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      Current Developments in Nutrition
      Article . 2021
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      Europe PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Eric Y, Tenkorang; Adobea Y, Owusu;

    Abstract Previous studies demonstrate the long term effects of childhood violence on future victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV). With a few exceptions from Asia, however, this literature is largely limited to North America and Europe. To date, contributions from sub-Saharan Africa remain scant. We began to fill this gap by applying the life course theory to retrospective data collected from 2289 women in Ghana. Specifically, we examined if women’s childhood experiences of family violence were associated with their later victimization and/or their perpetration of IPV. We also explored the effect of the timing and continuity of family violence over the life course. Generally, we found that women with childhood experiences of violence were more likely to be victims and perpetrators of IPV than those with no such experiences. However, the effect and significance of the violence was more pronounced if it continued from early childhood (before age 15) to adulthood (after age 15). Violence experienced after age 15 was more significant than violence experienced before age 15, and women who perpetrated IPV were significantly more likely to be victimized themselves. To improve domestic violence interventions in Ghana, it is necessary to pay attention to victims’ early childhood experiences.

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    Child Abuse & Neglect
    Article . 2018
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      Child Abuse & Neglect
      Article . 2018
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    Authors: Rebecca Hall; Brandon Pryce;

    AbstractThe benefits of employment in resource extraction figure prominently in state rationales for resource extraction. However, in Canada, the site of study, while the worker is a key figure in rationales for extraction, this same worker disappears in state attention to extractive/mine closure. The paper's focus on Indigenous mining labour is driven by a community–university research partnership with Dene communities in the Northwest Territories facing forthcoming closure of diamond mines on their land. Approaching mine closure as a juncture that can both reproduce or resist the settler extractive economy, we argue that the Canadian state responses to the labour implications of mine closure, and its lack of coherence, express the settler‐colonial tension between the reproduction of the (Canadian) settler state and its requisite labour force, and the social reproduction of Indigenous communities.

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    Antipode
    Article . 2023
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      Antipode
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Winny Shen; Janice Lam; Christianne T. Varty; Anja Krstic; +1 Authors

    AbstractDespite longstanding recognition that organisations are open systems that are affected by the broader environments in which they are situated, scholars have rarely examined how such macrosocietal conditions may influence processes and experiences within the workplace. Integrating research on selective incivility and mega‐threats, we conceptualise the COVID‐19 pandemic as a racial mega‐threat and examine how this context may challenge organisations' efforts to promote diversity and inclusion. Specifically, we predict that the protective benefits of diversity climate against incivility, an insidious form of modern discrimination incited by the COVID‐19 pandemic, will be weaker for workers of Chinese descent compared to workers from other Asian subgroups, leading to more downstream negative outcomes for this group of workers (i.e., higher turnover intentions, poorer job performance and greater emotional exhaustion). This reflects the fact that workplaces are not impervious to the rising xenophobia toward China and Chinese people, who were particularly blamed and stigmatised for the emergence of this virus, as evident in North American society in early 2020. We found support for our predictions in a three‐wave, time‐separated study of Asian workers (N = 248) in the US and Canada during the first wave of the pandemic.

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    Applied Psychology
    Article . 2023
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      Applied Psychology
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Marney E. Isaac; Luke C. N. Anglaaere; Daniel S. Akoto; Evans Dawoe;

    Environmentally induced farmer migration is an important livelihood strategy, yet little is known of the effects on the destination region agroecosystem information networks and management practices. In the forest-savanna transition zone (Brong Ahafo Region) of Ghana, where migration from northern regions (migrant) and from neighboring regions (settler) is active, we chart the role of migrant famers and the type of agroecosystem management practices embedded in information networks using a social networks approach. Based on empirical network data from 44 respondents across three communities, we illustrate a diffuse information network, with variable tie frequency between settlement categories (local, settler, or migrant) of farmers. The cohesion of this network is dependent on a few strategic bridging ties initiated by migrant farmers, who are thus centrally positioned to exchange agroecosystem management practices between geographically and socially distant groups. At the individual level, migrant and settler farmers are more likely: (1) to have larger networks with more ties between members of their networks, (2) to be brokers positioned between non-migrant farmers, and (3) to tend (although not statistically significantly) to use pro-environmental management regimes, including agroforestry practices, new planting methods, and plot-scale weeding. We conceptualize this phenomenon as extended social and environmental experience and the deployment of social-ecological memory, with migrant farmers as potential agents of innovation and adaptive management.

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    Ecology and Society
    Article . 2014
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    Ecology and Society
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    Ecology and Society
    Article . 2014
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    Article . 2014
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      Ecology and Society
      Article . 2014
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      Ecology and Society
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      Ecology and Society
      Article . 2014
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      Article . 2014
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nicola Ulibarri; Idowu Ajibade; Eranga K. Galappaththi; Elphin Tom Joe; +15 Authors

    Governments, businesses, and civil society organizations have diverse policy tools to incentivize adaptation. Policy tools can shape the type and extent of adaptation, and therefore, function either as barriers or enablers for reducing risk and vulnerability. Using data from a systematic review of academic literature on global adaptation responses to climate change (n = 1549 peer-reviewed articles), we categorize the types of policy tools used to shape climate adaptation. We apply qualitative and quantitative analyses to assess the contexts where particular tools are used, along with equity implications for groups targeted by the tools, and the tools’ relationships with transformational adaptation indicators such as the depth, scope, and speed of adaptation. We find diverse types of tools documented across sectors and geographic regions. We also identify a mismatch between the tools that consider equity and those that yield more transformational adaptations. Direct regulations, plans, and capacity building are associated with higher depth and scope of adaptation (thus transformational adaptation), while economic instruments, information provisioning, and networks are not; the latter tools, however, are more likely to target marginalized groups in their design and implementation. We identify multiple research gaps, including a need to assess instrument mixes rather than single tools and to assess adaptations that result from policy implementation. Key policy insights Information-based approaches, networks, and economic instruments are the most frequently documented adaptation policy tools worldwide. Direct regulations, plans, and capacity building are associated with higher depth and scope of adaptation, and thus more transformational adaptation. Capacity building, economic instruments, networks, and information provisioning approaches are more likely to target specific marginalized groups and thus equity challenges. There are many regions and sectors where certain tools are not widely documented (e.g. regulations and plans in Africa and Asia), representing a key research gap. Published version

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    Climate Policy
    Article . 2022 . 2021
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    VTechWorks
    Article . 2021
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      Climate Policy
      Article . 2022 . 2021
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      Climate Policy
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      VTechWorks
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: James Michaud; Elena Lvina; Bella L. Galperin; Terri R. Lituchy; +21 Authors

    This article contributes to the literature on cross-cultural leadership by describing the development and validation of the Leadership Effectiveness in Africa and the Diaspora (LEAD) Scale. The LEAD Scale is a culturally sensitive measure of leadership effectiveness in the understudied settings of Africa and the African diaspora. A combination of methods and four studies using samples from Africa and the African diaspora based in Canada, the USA, and the Caribbean were used to develop the measure. Using the grounded theory approach and the Delphi technique ( n = 192), followed by a set of increasingly rigorous tests including exploratory factor analysis ( n = 441), confirmatory factor analysis ( n = 116), and a test of measure invariance ( n =1384), we developed and validated a culturally sensitive measure of effective leadership. Our results demonstrate that spirituality, tradition and community-centredness are important and culturally specific components of leadership in Africa and the African diaspora. This paper provides a validated measure of leadership and offers recommendations regarding the use of the measure by managers and researchers working in Africa or with African diaspora.

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    International Journal of Cross Cultural Management
    Article . 2020
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      International Journal of Cross Cultural Management
      Article . 2020
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    Authors: Isaac Yeboah; Martin Wiredu Agyekum; Joshua Okyere; Ronald Osei Mensah; +5 Authors

    Abstract Background Despite the importance of contraceptives in reducing unwanted pregnancy and other related maternal morbidity and mortality, contraceptive usage is very low among women in their reproductive ages. In Ghana, there is an increase in contraceptive use for traditional and modern methods in rural areas. However, there is a paucity of studies examining the factors associated with any contraceptive method in the rural Eastern region of Ghana. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the prevalence and determinants of current use of any contraceptive method among women of reproductive age in the rural Eastern Region of Ghana. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women of reproductive age in the rural Eastern region of Ghana. A structured questionnaire was used to interview rural women in Lower Manya and Upper Manya Krobo districts of Eastern region who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data were analysed using Stata version 16. A Binary logistic regression was used to examine the determinants of current use of any contraceptive use (traditional and modern methods). Results The prevalence of contraceptive use was 27.8%. From the unadjusted analyses, age (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.087), desire for another child (p = 0.089) and head of household (p = 0.013) were independently associated with contraceptive use. In the adjusted analysis, contraceptive use was significantly higher among respondents aged 18–35 years (aOR:3.27; 95%CI:1.46–7.34;p = 0.004) or 36–40 years (aOR:2.14;95%CI:0.97–4.71;p = 0.049), husbands/partners who were head of households (aOR:3.40; 95%CI: 0.96–12.10; p = 0.028) compared with those aged 41–49 years and respondents who were head of households respectively. Contraceptive use was significantly lower among migrants (aOR:0.59; 95%CI:0.31–1.09; p = 0.036) compared with non-migrant. Conclusion This study highlights the factors associated with contraceptive use and the need to improve campaigns and educate rural women on contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancy and space birth. Family planning programs should target young women, non-migrants and male-headed households to design an intervention to increase contraceptive use in rural areas.

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    https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
    Preprint . 2023
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      https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
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  • Authors: Leila M. Harris; Danika Kleiber; Jacqueline Goldin; Akosua K. Darkwah; +1 Authors

    AbstractA large and growing body of literature suggests that women and men often have differentiated relationships to water access, uses, knowledges, governance, and experiences. From a feminist political ecology perspective, these relationships can be mediated by gendered labour practices (within the household, at the community level, or within the workplace), socio-cultural expectations (e.g. related to notions of masculinity and femininity), as well as intersectional differences (e.g. race, income, and so forth). While these relationships are complex, multiple, and vary by context, it is frequently argued that due to responsibility for domestic provision or other pathways, women may be particularly affected if water quality or access is compromised. This paper reports on a statistical evaluation of a 478 household survey conducted in underserved areas of Accra, Ghana and Cape Town, South Africa in early 2012. Interrogating our survey results in the light of the ideas of gender differentiated access, us...

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    Authors: Christine Moore; Alexandra C. Morel; Alexandra C. Morel; Rebecca Ashley Asare; +3 Authors

    Quantifying human impact on the environment is increasingly important and particularly so in complex mosaic landscapes. Such landscapes are prolific in the developing world, notably in West African, small holder cocoa farming communities. Human Appropriated Net Primary Productivity (HANPP) is a metric which has been developed to quantify the human impact on the environment and has been used in a number of studies globally. However, most operationalization’s of HANPP have been done on a coarse global scale or a very local scale, and few studies exist of complex mosaic landscapes. This study utilizes Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles (UAV), or drones, to classify land use and HANPP for three cocoa farming regions in Ghana’s Central Region. The results of the study indicate while all regions differ in land use composition, the primary crop for all is cocoa, followed by palm and then land that was previously cultivated which has been left fallow. The average HANPP was 44% for all measured regions, calculated using net primary productivity (NPP) values of an adjacent natural tropical forest. The HANPP for the three regions studied was found to be approximately 6.69 Mg C ha-1 yr-1, 8.00 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 and 9.85 Mg C ha-1 yr-1. These values are higher than those that have been reported in some widely accepted global studies, and highlight the need for more regional and landscape scale studies to supplement global assessments of HANPP.

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    Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
    Article . 2019
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      Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
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      Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
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    Authors: Ghadirian, Mona; Marquis, Grace; Andersson, Neil; Dodoo, Naa;

    OBJECTIVES: Assess the perceived influence and value of a participatory video intervention among beneficiaries. METHODS: A 2019 cluster randomized control trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03704649) randomly selected 20 schools in one Ghanaian rural district and enrolled adolescent girls, 13–16 y old. All schools received a curriculum about adolescent nutrition. The 181 girls in the 10 intervention schools also received participatory video workshops to increase nutrition literacy. The Most Significant Change (MSC) method was used to involve adolescents in the intervention arm and local stakeholders to identify and evaluate the value of the participatory video experience. Project staff collected 116 stories of change from adolescents. The stories described shifts in 4 domains: participant, peer, and family behavior and structural changes in the school/community. The lead researcher and project staff developed and used a selection rubric to identify stories that reflected heightened nutrition literacy; 14 stories were chosen. Project staff then conducted in-depth interviews with the 14 adolescents to elaborate on story details and perceived resonance. Finally, a panel of local stakeholders reviewed and assessed the 14 stories and chose four MSC stories, one for each domain. A separate thematic analysis by the lead researcher identified emerging patterns of motivation and action across the 14 interviews. RESULTS: The 4 MSC stories revealed how an adolescent: 1) raised and saved money to buy herself iron-rich foods when parents would not comply, 2) encouraged neighbours to eat iron-rich foods 3) taught a father to weed around iron-rich foods on the farm, and 4) encouraged a sister to sell diverse foods at her school. Local stakeholders valued stories that addressed common community nutrition issues in a creative and sustainable way, whereas adolescents prioritized stories that showed a change in health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Participatory evaluation highlights valuation of local stakeholders and beneficiaries, perceptions that are vital to better understand the influence and reach of interventions. The MSC technique can reveal unexpected benefits of an intervention. FUNDING SOURCES: The Canadian Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Scholarship, funded by IDRC and SSHRC

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    Current Developments in Nutrition
    Article . 2021
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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2021
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      Current Developments in Nutrition
      Article . 2021
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      Europe PubMed Central
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    Authors: Eric Y, Tenkorang; Adobea Y, Owusu;

    Abstract Previous studies demonstrate the long term effects of childhood violence on future victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV). With a few exceptions from Asia, however, this literature is largely limited to North America and Europe. To date, contributions from sub-Saharan Africa remain scant. We began to fill this gap by applying the life course theory to retrospective data collected from 2289 women in Ghana. Specifically, we examined if women’s childhood experiences of family violence were associated with their later victimization and/or their perpetration of IPV. We also explored the effect of the timing and continuity of family violence over the life course. Generally, we found that women with childhood experiences of violence were more likely to be victims and perpetrators of IPV than those with no such experiences. However, the effect and significance of the violence was more pronounced if it continued from early childhood (before age 15) to adulthood (after age 15). Violence experienced after age 15 was more significant than violence experienced before age 15, and women who perpetrated IPV were significantly more likely to be victimized themselves. To improve domestic violence interventions in Ghana, it is necessary to pay attention to victims’ early childhood experiences.

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    Child Abuse & Neglect
    Article . 2018
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      Child Abuse & Neglect
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    Authors: Rebecca Hall; Brandon Pryce;

    AbstractThe benefits of employment in resource extraction figure prominently in state rationales for resource extraction. However, in Canada, the site of study, while the worker is a key figure in rationales for extraction, this same worker disappears in state attention to extractive/mine closure. The paper's focus on Indigenous mining labour is driven by a community–university research partnership with Dene communities in the Northwest Territories facing forthcoming closure of diamond mines on their land. Approaching mine closure as a juncture that can both reproduce or resist the settler extractive economy, we argue that the Canadian state responses to the labour implications of mine closure, and its lack of coherence, express the settler‐colonial tension between the reproduction of the (Canadian) settler state and its requisite labour force, and the social reproduction of Indigenous communities.

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    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Antipodearrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Antipode
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.