search
16 Research products

  • Canada
  • Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
  • NSF|MPS/OAD

10
arrow_drop_down
Relevance
arrow_drop_down
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lazrak, Ali; Zhang, Jianfeng;

    We study pre-vote interactions in a committee that enacts a welfare-improving reform through voting. Committee members use decentralized promises contingent on the reform enactment to influence the vote outcome. Equilibrium promises prevent beneficial coalitional deviations and minimize total promises. We show that multiple equilibria exist, involving promises from high- to low-intensity members to enact the reform. Promises dissuade reform opponents from enticing the least enthusiastic reform supporters to vote against the reform. We explore whether some recipients of the promises can be supporters of the reform and discuss the impact of polarization on the total promises.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    SSRN Electronic Journal
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      SSRN Electronic Journal
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: Crossref
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lazrak, Ali; Wang, Hanxiao; Yong, Jiongmin;

    We investigate a linear quadratic stochastic zero-sum game where two players lobby a political representative to invest in a wind turbine farm. Players are time-inconsistent because they discount performance with a non-constant rate. Our objective is to identify a consistent planning equilibrium in which the players are aware of their inconsistency and cannot commit to a lobbying policy. We analyze the equilibrium behavior in both single player and two-player cases, and compare the behavior of the game under constant and non-constant discount rates. The equilibrium behavior is provided in closed-loop form, either analytically or via numerical approximation. Our numerical analysis of the equilibrium reveals that strategic behavior leads to more intense lobbying without resulting in overshooting.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Finance and Stochastics
    Article . 2023
    License: Springer Nature TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Finance and Stochastics
      Article . 2023
      License: Springer Nature TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • A Data Guide for this study is available as a web page and for download. The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), 1994-2008 [Public Use] is a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents in grades 7 through 12 during the 1994-1995 school year. The Add Health cohort was followed into young adulthood with four in-home interviews, the most recent conducted in 2008 when the sample was aged 24-32. Add Health combines longitudinal survey data on respondents' social, economic, psychological, and physical well-being with contextual data on the family, neighborhood, community, school, friendships, peer groups, and romantic relationships. Add Health Wave I data collection took place between September 1994 and December 1995, and included both an in-school questionnaire and in-home interview. The in-school questionnaire was administered to more than 90,000 students in grades 7 through 12, and gathered information on social and demographic characteristics of adolescent respondents, education and occupation of parents, household structure, expectations for the future, self-esteem, health status, risk behaviors, friendships, and school-year extracurricular activities. All students listed on a sample school's roster were eligible for selection into the core in-home interview sample. In-home interviews included topics such as health status, health-facility utilization, nutrition, peer networks, decision-making processes, family composition and dynamics, educational aspirations and expectations, employment experience, romantic and sexual partnerships, substance use, and criminal activities. A parent, preferably the resident mother, of each adolescent respondent interviewed in Wave I was also asked to complete an interviewer-assisted questionnaire covering topics such as inheritable health conditions, marriages and marriage-like relationships, neighborhood characteristics, involvement in volunteer, civic, and school activities, health-affecting behaviors, education and employment, household income and economic assistance, parent-adolescent communication and interaction, parent's familiarity with the adolescent's friends and friends' parents. Add Health data collection recommenced for Wave II from April to August 1996, and included almost 15,000 follow-up in-home interviews with adolescents from Wave I. Interview questions were generally similar to Wave I, but also included questions about sun exposure and more detailed nutrition questions. Respondents were asked to report their height and weight during the course of the interview, and were also weighed and measured by the interviewer. From August 2001 to April 2002, Wave III data were collected through in-home interviews with 15,170 Wave I respondents (now 18 to 26 years old), as well as interviews with their partners. Respondents were administered survey questions designed to obtain information about family, relationships, sexual experiences, childbearing, and educational histories, labor force involvement, civic participation, religion and spirituality, mental health, health insurance, illness, delinquency and violence, gambling, substance abuse, and involvement with the criminal justice system. High School Transcript Release Forms were also collected at Wave III, and these data comprise the Education Data component of the Add Health study. Wave IV in-home interviews were conducted in 2008 and 2009 when the original Wave I respondents were 24 to 32 years old. Longitudinal survey data were collected on the social, economic, psychological, and health circumstances of respondents, as well as longitudinal geographic data. Survey questions were expanded on educational transitions, economic status and financial resources and strains, sleep patterns and sleep quality, eating habits and nutrition, illnesses and medications, physical activities, emotional content and quality of current or most recent romantic/cohabiting/marriage relationships, and maltreatment during childhood by caregivers. Dates and circumstances of key life events occurring in young adulthood were also recorded, including a complete marriage and cohabitation history, full pregnancy and fertility histories from both men and women, an educational history of dates of degrees and school attendance, contact with the criminal justice system, military service, and various employment events, including the date of first and current jobs, with respective information on occupation, industry, wages, hours, and benefits. Finally, physical measurements and biospecimens were also collected at Wave IV, and included anthropometric measures of weight, height and waist circumference, cardiovascular measures such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse, metabolic measures from dried blood spots assayed for lipids, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), measures of inflammation and immune function, including High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: Wave I: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS2: Wave I: Public Use Contextual Database DS3: Wave I: Network Variables DS4: Wave I: Public Use Grand Sample Weights DS5: Wave II: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS6: Wave II: Public Use Contextual Database DS7: Wave II: Public Use Grand Sample Weights DS8: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS9: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 17: Relationships) DS10: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 18: Pregnancies) DS11: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 19: Relationships in Detail) DS12: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 22: Completed Pregnancies) DS13: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 23: Current Pregnancies) DS14: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 24: Live Births) DS15: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 25: Children and Parenting) DS16: Wave III: Public Use Education Data DS17: Wave III: Public Use Graduation Data DS18: Wave III: Public Use Education Data Weights DS19: Wave III: Add Health School Weights DS20: Wave III: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PVT), Public Use DS21: Wave III: Public In-Home Weights DS22: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS23: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 16B: Relationships) DS24: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 16C: Relationships) DS25: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 18: Pregnancy Table) DS26: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 19: Live Births) DS27: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 20A: Children and Parenting) DS28: Wave IV: Biomarkers, Measures of Inflammation and Immune Function DS29: Wave IV: Biomarkers, Measures of Glucose Homeostasis DS30: Wave IV: Biomarkers, Lipids DS31: Wave IV: Public Use Weights Wave I: The Stage 1 in-school sample was a stratified, random sample of all high schools in the United States. A school was eligible for the sample if it included an 11th grade and had a minimum enrollment of 30 students. A feeder school -- a school that sent graduates to the high school and that included a 7th grade -- was also recruited from the community. The in-school questionnaire was administered to more than 90,000 students in grades 7 through 12. The Stage 2 in-home sample of 27,000 adolescents consisted of a core sample from each community, plus selected special over samples. Eligibility for over samples was determined by an adolescent's responses on the in-school questionnaire. Adolescents could qualify for more than one sample.; Wave II: The Wave II in-home interview surveyed almost 15,000 of the same students one year after Wave I.; Wave III: The in-home Wave III sample consists of over 15,000 Wave I respondents who could be located and re-interviewed six years later.; Wave IV: All original Wave I in-home respondents were eligible for in-home interviews at Wave IV. At Wave IV, the Add Health sample was dispersed across the nation with respondents living in all 50 states. Administrators were able to locate 92.5% of the Wave IV sample and interviewed 80.3% of eligible sample members. ; For additional information on sampling, including detailed information on special oversamples, please see the Add Health Study Design page. Add Health was developed in response to a mandate from the U.S. Congress to fund a study of adolescent health. Waves I and II focused on the forces that may influence adolescents' health and risk behaviors, including personal traits, families, friendships, romantic relationships, peer groups, schools, neighborhoods, and communities. As participants aged into adulthood, the scientific goals of the study expanded and evolved. Wave III explored adolescent experiences and behaviors related to decisions, behavior, and health outcomes in the transition to adulthood. Wave IV expanded to examine developmental and health trajectories across the life course of adolescence into young adulthood, using an integrative study design which combined social, behavioral, and biomedical measures data collection. Response Rates: Response rates for each wave were as follows: Wave I: 79 percent; Wave II: 88.6 percent; Wave III: 77.4 percent; Wave IV: 80.3 percent; Adolescents in grades 7 through 12 during the 1994-1995 school year. Respondents were geographically located in the United States. audio computer-assisted self interview (ACASI) computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) computer-assisted self interview (CASI) paper and pencil interview (PAPI) face-to-face interview

    Inter-university Con...arrow_drop_down
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    65
    citations65
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceTop 10%
    impulseTop 10%
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Social institutions that facilitate sharing and redistribution may help mitigate the impact of resource shocks. In the North American Arctic, traditional food sharing may direct food to those who need it and provide a form of natural insurance against temporal variability in hunting returns within households. Here, network properties that facilitate resource flow (network size, quality, and density) are examined in a country food sharing network comprising 109 Inuit households from a village in Nunavik (Canada), using regressions to investigate the relationships between these network measures and household socioeconomic attributes. The results show that although single women and elders have larger networks, the sharing network is not structured to prioritize sharing towards households with low food availability. Rather, much food sharing appears to be driven by reciprocity between high-harvest households, meaning that poor, low-harvest households tend to have less sharing-based social capital than more affluent, high-harvest households. This suggests that poor, low-harvest households may be more vulnerable to disruptions in the availability of country food.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Europe PubMed Central
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: PubMed Central
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: MPG.PuRe
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2018
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: MPG.PuRe
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2018
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    PLoS ONE
    Article
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    DOAJ
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: DOAJ
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    25
    citations25
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceAverage
    impulseTop 10%
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Europe PubMed Central
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: PubMed Central
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      MPG.PuRe
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: MPG.PuRe
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      MPG.PuRe
      Article . 2018
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: MPG.PuRe
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      PLoS ONE
      Article . 2018
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      PLoS ONE
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      PLoS ONE
      Article
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      DOAJ
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: DOAJ
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Martin Elvis; Tony Milligan; Alanna Krolikowski;

    The Outer Space Treaty makes it clear that the Moon is the province of all mankind, with the latter ordinarily understood to exclude state or private appropriation of any portion of its surface. However, there are indeterminacies in the Treaty and in space law generally over the issue of appropriation. These indeterminacies might permit a close approximation to a property claim or some manner of quasi-property. The recently revealed highly inhomogeneous distribution of lunar resources changes the context of these issues. We illustrate this altered situation by considering the Peaks of Eternal Light. They occupy about one square kilometer of the lunar surface. We consider a thought experiment in which a Solar telescope is placed on one of the Peaks of Eternal Light at the lunar South pole for scientific research. Its operation would require nondisturbance, and hence that the Peak remain unvisited by others, effectively establishing a claim of protective exclusion and de facto appropriation. Such a telescope would be relatively easy to emplace with todays technology and so poses a near-term property issue on the Moon. While effective appropriation of a Peak might proceed without raising some of the familiar problems associated with commercial development (especially lunar mining), the possibility of such appropriation nonetheless raises some significant issues concerning justice and the safeguarding of scientific practice on the lunar surface. We consider this issue from scientific, technical, ethical and policy viewpoints. Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures (color). Space Policy in press

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Space Policy
    Article
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Space Policy
    Article . 2016
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2016
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    20
    citations20
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceTop 10%
    impulseTop 10%
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Space Policy
      Article
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Space Policy
      Article . 2016
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2016
      License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
      Data sources: Datacite
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Chaoran Wang; Mateusz Ruszkowski; H-Y Karen Yang;

    Black hole feedback plays a central role in shaping the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of elliptical galaxies. We systematically study the impact of plasma physics on the evolution of ellipticals by performing three-dimensional non-ideal magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of the interactions of active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets with the CGM including magnetic fields, and cosmic rays (CRs) and their transport processes. We find that the physics of feedback operating on large galactic scales depends very sensitively on plasma physics operating on small scales. Specifically, we demonstrate that: (i) in the purely hydrodynamical case, the AGN jets initially maintain the atmospheres in global thermal balance. However, local thermal instability generically leads to the formation of massive cold disks in the vicinity of the central black hole in disagreement with observations; (ii) including weak magnetic fields prevents the formation of the disks because local B-field amplification in the precipitating cold gas leads to strong magnetic breaking, which quickly extracts angular momentum from the accreting clouds. The magnetic fields transform the cold clouds into narrow filaments that do not fall ballistically; (iii) when plasma composition in the AGN jets is dominated by CRs, and CR transport is neglected, the atmospheres exhibit cooling catastrophes due to inefficient heat transfer from the AGN to CGM despite Coulomb/hadronic CR losses being present; (iv) including CR streaming and heating restores agreement with the observations, i.e., cooling catastrophes are prevented and massive cold central disks do not form. The AGN power is reduced as its energy is utilized efficiently. submitted to MNRAS

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Monthly Notices of t...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
    Article . 2020
    License: OUP Standard Publication Reuse
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2019
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    15
    citations15
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceAverage
    impulseTop 10%
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Monthly Notices of t...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
      Article . 2020
      License: OUP Standard Publication Reuse
      Data sources: Crossref
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2019
      License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
      Data sources: Datacite
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • Authors: Ohio State University. Center For Human Resource Research.;

    Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: Mature Men, 1966-1990 DS2: Mature Women, 1967-1986 (Main File) DS3: Young Men, 1966-1981 DS4: Young Women, 1968-1982 (Main File) DS5: Youth, 1979-1992 (Common Demographic Information) DS6: Youth, 1979-1992 (Created Key Variables) DS7: Youth, 1979-1992 (Family Background) DS8: Youth, 1979-1992 (Marital History) DS9: Youth, 1979-1992 (Current Labor Force Status) DS10: Youth, 1979-1992 (Jobs) DS11: Youth, 1979-1992 (Job Information--Employer Supplement) DS12: Youth, 1979-1992 (Periods Not Working--Employer Supplement) DS13: Youth, 1979-1992 (Information Sheet, 1980-1989) DS14: Youth, 1979-1992 (Regular Schooling) DS15: Youth, 1979-1992 (Income and Assets, 1979-1990) DS16: Youth, 1979-1992 (Assets, 1985-1989) DS17: Youth, 1979-1992 (Household Record) DS18: Youth, 1979-1992 (Periods When Respondent Was Not Working or in the Military) DS19: Youth, 1979-1992 (Degrees and Certification, 1979-1984 and 1988- 1989) DS20: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1982-1984) DS21: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1985) DS22: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1986) DS23: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1987) DS24: Youth, 1979-1992 (Children Record Form for Biological Children) DS25: Youth, 1979-1992 (Children Record Form for Non-Biological Children) DS26: Youth, 1979-1992 (Fertility, 1979-1981) DS27: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1979) DS28: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1980) DS29: Young Women, 1968-1982 (Attachment 2 File) DS30: Young Women, 1968-1982 (Attachment 3 File) DS31: Young Women, 1968-1982 (KWIC Index) DS32: Young Women, 1968-1982 (Numeric Index) DS33: Young Women, 1983-1991 (Main File) DS34: Young Women, 1983-1991 (Attachment File) DS35: Young Women, 1983-1991 (KWIC Index) DS36: Young Women, 1983-1991 (Numeric Index) DS37: Mature Men, 1966-1990 (Attachment 3) DS38: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1981) DS39: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1982) DS40: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1983) DS41: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1984) DS42: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1985) DS43: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1986) DS44: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1987) DS46: Youth, 1979-1992 (Government Jobs--Employer Supplement, 1979-1987) DS47: Youth, 1979-1992 (Profiles--ASVAB Vocational Test, 1980) DS48: Youth, 1979-1992 (School Survey) DS49: Youth, 1979-1992 (Transcript Survey) DS50: Youth, 1979-1992 (Military Data, 1980-1989) DS51: Child-Mother, 1979-1990 (Merged File) DS52: Merged Child-Mother Data, 1979-1990 (Numeric Index) DS53: Mature Men, 1966-1990 (Numeric Index) DS54: Mature Men, 1966-1990 (KWIC Index) DS55: Mature Women, 1967-1986 (Numeric Index) DS56: Mature Women, 1967-1986 (KWIC Index) DS57: Young Men, 1966-1981 (Numeric Index) DS58: Young Men, 1966-1981 (KWIC Index) DS59: Original Cohort Relationship: Mature Men, Mature Women DS60: Original Cohort Relationship: Mature Men, Young Women DS61: Original Cohort Relationship: Mature Men, Young Men DS62: Original Cohort Relationship: Mature Women, Young Women DS63: Original Cohort Relationship: Mature Women, Young Men DS64: Original Cohort Relationship: Young Men, Young Women DS65: Original Cohort Relationship Documentation DS67: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Round 5 Respondent-Relation Distance DS68: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Round 5 Respondent-Relation Distance, Record Layout DS69: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Round 6 Respondent-Relation Distance DS70: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Round 6 Respondent-Relation Distance, Record Layout DS71: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Round 7 Respondent-Relation Distance DS72: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Round 7 Respondent-Relation Distance, Record Layout DS73: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Respondent Mobility File DS74: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Respondent Mobility File, Record Layout DS75: Youth, 1979-1992 (Other Training) DS76: Youth, 1979-1992 (Government Training, 1979-1987) DS77: Youth, 1979-1992 (Child Care, 1982-1989) DS78: Youth, 1979-1992 (Health) DS79: Youth, 1979-1992 (Alcohol Use, 1982-1985 and 1988-1989) DS80: Youth, 1979-1992 (Drug Use, 1984 and 1988) DS81: Youth, 1979-1992 (Illegal Activities and Reported Police Contacts, 1980) DS82: Youth, 1979-1992 (Job Search and Job Findings, 1981-1982 and 1986- 1987) DS83: Youth, 1979-1992 (Last Job Lasting 2 Weeks or More, 1979) DS84: Youth, 1979-1992 (Work Experience Prior to 11/1/78, 1979) DS85: Youth, 1979-1992 (Attitudes of Influential Person Toward Respondent's Decisions, 1979) DS86: Youth, 1979-1992 (Attitudes Toward Hypothetical Job Offers, 1979) DS87: Youth, 1979-1992 (Attitudes Toward Work, Self, Traditional Roles, AIDS, 1979-1984 and 1987-1988) DS88: Youth, 1979-1992 (Interviewer Remarks) DS89: Youth, 1979-1992 (Time Spent Working, Going to School, Training, Etc., 1981) DS90: Youth, 1979-1992 (Supplemental Fertility File) DS91: Youth, 1979-1992 (Numeric Index) DS92: Youth, 1979-1992 (KWIC Index) DS93: Youth, 1979-1992 (Codebook) DS94: Youth, 1979-1992 (Workhistory) DS95: Attachment 3 for Mature Women, 1967-1986 DS96: Mature Women, 1987-1989 (Main File) DS97: Mature Women, 1987-1989 (KWIC Index) DS98: Mature Women, 1987-1989 (Numeric Index) DS99: Attachment 3 for Mature Women, 1987-1989 DS100: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1988) DS101: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1988) DS102: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1978 DS103: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1980 DS104: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1982 DS105: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1983 DS106: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1985 DS107: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1987 DS108: Mature Women, Flowchart for Year 1979 DS109: Mature Women, Flowchart for Year 1981 DS110: Mature Women, Flowchart for Year 1982 DS111: Mature Women, Flowchart for Year 1984 DS112: Mature Women, Flowchart for Year 1986 DS113: Mature Women, Flowchart for Year 1987 DS116: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1988 DS117: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1991 DS118: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1989) DS119: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1989) DS120: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Common Demographic Information) DS121: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Created Key Variables) DS122: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Family Background) DS123: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Marital History) DS124: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Current Labor Force Status) DS125: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Jobs) DS126: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Job Information--Employer Supplement) DS127: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Periods Not Working--Employer Supplement) DS128: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Information Sheet, 1980-1989) DS129: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Regular Schooling) DS130: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Income and Assets, 1979-1990) DS131: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Assets, 1985- 1989) DS132: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Household Record) DS133: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Periods When Respondent Was Not Working or in the Military) DS134: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Degrees and Certification, 1979-1984 and 1988-1989) DS135: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1982-1984) DS136: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1985) DS137: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1986) DS138: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1987) DS139: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Children Record Form for Biological Children) DS140: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Children Record Form for Non-Biological Children) DS141: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Fertility, 1979- 1981) DS142: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1979) DS143: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1980) DS144: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1981) DS145: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1982) DS146: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1983) DS147: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1984) DS148: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1985) DS149: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1986) DS150: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1987) DS151: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Government Jobs--Employer Supplement, 1979-1987) DS152: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Profiles, ASVAB Vocational Test, 1980) DS153: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, School Survey) DS154: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Transcript Survey) DS155: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Military Data, 1980-1989) DS156: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Other Training) DS157: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Governmental Training, 1979-1987) DS158: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Child Care, 1982-1989) DS159: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Health) DS160: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Alcohol Use, 1982-1985 and 1988-1989) DS161: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Drug Use, 1984 and 1988) DS162: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Illegal Activities and Reported Police Contacts, 1980) DS163: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Job Search and Job Findings, 1981-1982 and 1986-1987) DS164: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Last Job Lasting 2 Weeks or More, 1979) DS165: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Work Experience Prior to 11/1/78, 1979) DS166: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Attitudes of Influential Person Toward Respondent's Decisions, 1979) DS167: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Attitudes Toward Hypothetical Job Offers, 1979) DS168: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Attitudes Toward Work, Self, Traditional Roles, AIDS, 1979-1984 and 1987-1988) DS169: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Interviewer Remarks) DS170: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Time Spent Working, Going to School, Training, Etc., 1981) DS171: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Supplemental Fertility File) DS172: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1988) DS173: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1988) DS174: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1989) DS175: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1989) DS176: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1990) DS177: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1990) DS178: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1990) DS179: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1990) DS180: Child Assessment Supplement, 1986 DS181: Child Assessment Supplement, 1988 DS182: Child Assessment Supplement, 1990 DS183: Codebook for All Child Assessment Supplements DS184: Index for All Child Assessment Supplements DS185: Mature Men, 1966-1991 (Flowchart 1978) DS186: Mature Men, 1966-1991 (Flowchart 1980) DS187: Mature Men, 1966-1991 (Flowchart 1981) DS188: Mature Men, 1966-1991 (Flowchart 1983) DS189: Mature Men, 1966-1991 (Flowchart for Widows, 1990) DS190: Mature Men, 1966-1991 (Flowchart 1990) DS191: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements for Birth Record and Fertility, 1991) DS192: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements for Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1991) DS193: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1991) DS194: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1991) DS196: Young Women, 1968-1991 (Appendix 33) DS197: Mature Men, 1966-1990 (Appendix 32) DS198: Mature Women, 1989 Pension (ISR Pension Data File) DS199: Mature Women, 1989 Pension (Crosswalk File of NLS Mature Women) DS200: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Records and Fertility, 1992) DS201: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1992) DS202: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1992) DS203: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1992) DS204: Handbook 1994 DS205: User Guide 1994 DS206: Child Handbook DS207: Child-Mother and Assessment 1986-1990 Guide DS208: Child-Mother Questionnaire, 1979-1988 DS209: Child-Mother Questionnaire, 1990 DS210: Child-Mother Questionnaire, 1992 DS211: Youth Surveys Questionnaire, 1979 DS212: Youth Surveys Questionnaire, 1980 DS213: Youth Surveys Questionnaire, 1981 DS214: Youth Surveys Questionnaire, 1982 DS222: Youth Surveys Questionnaire, 1992 DS9998: Citation The primary purpose of the five sets of surveys that comprise the National Longitudinal Surveys is the collection of data on the labor force experience of specific age-sex groups of Americans: Older Men aged 45-59 in 1966, Mature Women aged 30-44 in 1967, Young Men aged 14-24 in 1966, Young Women aged 14-24 in 1968, and Youth aged 14-21 in 1979. Each of the 1960s cohorts has been surveyed 12 or more times over the years, and the Youth cohort has been surveyed yearly since 1979. The major topics covered within the surveys of each cohort include: (1) labor market experience variables (including labor force participation, unemployment, job history, and job mobility), (2) socioeconomic and human capital variables (including education, training, health and physical condition, marital and family characteristics, financial characteristics, and job attitudes), and (3) selected environmental variables (size of labor force and unemployment rates for local area). While the surveys of each cohort have collected data on the above core sets of variables, cohort-specific data have been gathered over the years focusing on the particular stage of labor market attachment that each group was experiencing. Thus, the surveys of young people have collected data on their educational goals, high school and college experiences, high school characteristics, and occupational aspirations and expectations, as well as military service. The surveys of women have gathered data on topics such as fertility, child care, responsibility for household tasks, care of parents, volunteer work, attitudes towards women working, and job discrimination. As the older-aged cohorts of men and women approached labor force withdrawal, surveys for these groups collected information on their retirement plans, health status, and pension benefits. Respondents within the 1979 Youth cohort have been the focus of a number of special surveys, including the collection of data on: (1) last secondary school attended, including transcript information and selected aptitude/intelligence scores, (2) test scores from the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB), (3) illegal activities participation including police contacts, and (4) alcohol use and substance abuse. Finally, the 1986 and 1988 surveys of the Youth cohort included the administration of a battery of cognitive-socioemotional assessments to the approximately 7,000 children of the female 1979 Youth respondents. Data for the five cohorts are provided within main file releases, i.e., Mature Women 1967-1989, Young Women 1968-1991, Young Men 1966-1981, Older Men 1966-1990, and NLSY (Youth) 1979-1992. In addition, the following specially constructed data files are available: (1) a file that specifies the relationships among members of the four original cohorts living in the same household at the time of the initial surveys, i.e., husband-wife, mother-daughter, brother-sister, etc., (2) an NLSY workhistory tape detailing the week-by-week labor force attachment of the youth respondents from 1978 through the most current survey date, (3) an NLSY child-mother file linking the child assessment data to other information on children and mothers within the NLSY, (4) a supplemental NLSY file of constructed and edited fertility variables, (5) a women's support network tape detailing the geographic proximity of the relatives, friends, and acquaintances of 6,308 female NLSY respondents who were interviewed during the 1983-1985 surveys, and (6) two 1989 Mature Women's pension file detailing information on pensions and other employer-provided benefits. Each of the first four cohorts is represented by a national probability sample of approximately 5,000 individuals--1,500 Blacks and 3,500 Whites. These four "original cohorts" have been interviewed at least once in every two-year period since the 1960s. Retention rates have remained high, with around two-thirds of the active samples continuing to be interviewed. Three independent probability samples, designed to be representative of the entire population of youth born in the United States between 1957 and 1964, were drawn for the NLSY: (1) a cross-sectional sample of 6,111 respondents designed to be representative of the noninstitutionalized civilian segment of American young people aged 14-21 as of January 1, 1979, (2) a supplemental sample of 5,295 respondents designed to oversample civilian Hispanic, Black, and economically disadvantaged non-Hispanic, non-Black youth, and (3) a military sample of 1,280 respondents designed to represent the population aged 17-21 as of January 1, 1979, and serving in the military as of September 30, 1978. The retention rate for the NLSY, interviewed yearly since 1979, remains at over 90 percent. The military sample was interviewed from 1979-1984. (1) Due to the consolidation of files and removal of obsolete errata files, there are no Parts 45, 66, 114, 115, or 117 in this collection. These data occupy over 30 reels of tape when written at 6,250 bpi, and over 120 reels when written at 1,600 bpi. Due to the magnitude of this collection, interested users should initially request the introductory report that describes the file structure and content prior to submitting their orders. Codebooks are electronic although some supplementary materials are available only on microfiche. Numeric and KWIC indexes and various attachments are supplied as electronic files. Users will need to order Numeric and KWIC indexes along with data files to determine column locations for variables. (2) A change has been made to the structure of the 1979-1992 Youth Workhistory data file. The size of the file necessitated splitting the data into two records per case. The first record contains the data for the A, HOURS and DUALJOBS arrays and the second record contains the remainder of the data pertaining to specific job characteristics, gaps in employment, and summary labor force activity variables. Five cohorts are represented in this collection: Older Men aged 45 to 59 years of age in 1966, Mature Women aged 30 to 44 years in 1967, Young Men aged 14 to 24 years in 1966, Young Women aged 14 to 24 years in 1968, and NLSY (Youth--both males and females) aged 14 to 21 years in 1979.

    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Raghavan, M.; Steinrücken, M; Harris, M; Schiffels, Stephan; +142 Authors

    How and when the Americas were populated remains contentious. Using ancient and modern genome wide data we found that the ancestors of all present day Native Americans including Athabascans and Amerindians entered the Americas as a single migration wave from Siberia no earlier than 23 thousand years ago (ka) and after no more than an 8000 year isolation period in Beringia. After their arrival to the Americas ancestral Native Americans diversified into two basal genetic branches around 13 ka one that is now dispersed across North and South America and the other restricted to North America. Subsequent gene flow resulted in some Native Americans sharing ancestry with present day East Asians (including Siberians) and more distantly Australo Melanesians. Putative “Paleoamerican” relict populations including the historical Mexican Pericúes and South American Fuego Patagonians are not directly related to modern Australo Melanesians as suggested by the Paleoamerican Model. INTRODUCTION The consensus view on the peopling of the Americas is that ancestors of modern Native Americans entered the Americas from Siberia via the Bering Land Bridge and that this occurred at least {\textasciitilde}14.6 thousand years ago (ka). However the number and timing of migrations into the Americas remain controversial with conflicting interpretations based on anatomical and genetic evidence. RATIONALE In this study we address four major unresolved issues regarding the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans: (i) the timing of their divergence from their ancestral group (ii) the number of migrations into the Americas (iii) whether there was {\textasciitilde}15000 years of isolation of ancestral Native Americans in Beringia (Beringian Incubation Model) and (iv) whether there was post Pleistocene survival of relict populations in the Americas related to Australo Melanesians as suggested by apparent differences in cranial morphologies between some early (“Paleoamerican”) remains and those of more recent Native Americans. We generated 31 high coverage modern genomes from the Americas Siberia and Oceania; 23 ancient genomic sequences from the Americas dating between {\textasciitilde}0.2 and 6 ka; and SNP chip genotype data from 79 present day individuals belonging to 28 populations from the Americas and Siberia. The above data sets were analyzed together with published modern and ancient genomic data from worldwide populations after masking some present day Native Americans for recent European admixture. RESULTS Using three different methods we determined the divergence time for all Native Americans (Athabascans and Amerindians) from their Siberian ancestors to be {\textasciitilde}20 ka and no earlier than {\textasciitilde}23 ka. Furthermore we dated the divergence between Athabascans (northern Native American branch together with northern North American Amerindians) and southern North Americans and South and Central Americans (southern Native American branch) to be {\textasciitilde}13 ka. Similar divergence times from East Asian populations and a divergence time between the two branches that is close in age to the earliest well established archaeological sites in the Americas suggest that the split between the branches occurred within the Americas. We additionally found that several sequenced Holocene individuals from the Americas are related to present day populations from the same geographical regions implying genetic continuity of ancient and modern populations in some parts of the Americas over at least the past 8500 years. Moreover our results suggest that there has been gene flow between some Native Americans from both North and South America and groups related to East Asians and Australo Melanesians the latter possibly through an East Asian route that might have included ancestors of modern Aleutian Islanders. Last using both genomic and morphometric analyses we found that historical Native American groups such as the Pericúes and Fuego Patagonians were not “relicts” of Paleoamericans and hence our results do not support an early migration of populations directly related to Australo Melanesians into the Americas. CONCLUSION Our results provide an upper bound of {\textasciitilde}23 ka on the initial divergence of ancestral Native Americans from their East Asian ancestors followed by a short isolation period of no more than {\textasciitilde}8000 years and subsequent entrance and spread across the Americas. The data presented are consistent with a single migration model for all Native Americans with later gene flow from sources related to East Asians and indirectly Australo Melanesians. The single wave diversified {\textasciitilde}13 ka likely within the Americas giving rise to the northern and southern branches of present day Native Americans. View larger version: In this page In a new window Download PowerPoint Slide for Teaching Population history of present day Native Americans.The ancestors of all Native Americans entered the Americas as a single migration wave from Siberia (purple) no earlier than {\textasciitilde}23 ka separate from the Inuit (green) and diversified into “northern” and “southern” Native American branches {\textasciitilde}13 ka. There is evidence of post divergence gene flow between some Native Americans and groups related to East Asians/Inuit and Australo Melanesians (yellow). Genetic history of Native Americans Several theories have been put forth as to the origin and timing of when Native American ancestors entered the Americas. To clarify this controversy Raghavan et al. examined the genomic variation among ancient and modern individuals from Asia and the Americas. There is no evidence for multiple waves of entry or recurrent gene flow with Asians in northern populations. The earliest migrations occurred no earlier than 23000 years ago from Siberian ancestors. Amerindians and Athabascans originated from a single population splitting approximately 13000 years ago. Science this issue 10.1126/science.aab3884

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ MPG.PuRearrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2015
    Data sources: MPG.PuRe
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2015
    Data sources: MPG.PuRe
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Science
    Article
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    407
    citations407
    popularityTop 0.1%
    influenceTop 1%
    impulseTop 0.1%
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ MPG.PuRearrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      MPG.PuRe
      Article . 2015
      Data sources: MPG.PuRe
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      MPG.PuRe
      Article . 2015
      Data sources: MPG.PuRe
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Science
      Article
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • Authors: Harris, Kathleen Mullan; Udry, J. Richard;

    Downloads of Add Health require submission of the following information, which is shared with the original producer of Add Health: supervisor name, supervisor email, and reason for download. A Data Guide for this study is available as a web page and for download. The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), 1994-2018 [Public Use] is a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents in grades 7 through 12 during the 1994-1995 school year. The Add Health cohort was followed into young adulthood with four in-home interviews, the most recent conducted in 2008 when the sample was aged 24-32. Add Health combines longitudinal survey data on respondents' social, economic, psychological, and physical well-being with contextual data on the family, neighborhood, community, school, friendships, peer groups, and romantic relationships. Add Health Wave I data collection took place between September 1994 and December 1995, and included both an in-school questionnaire and in-home interview. The in-school questionnaire was administered to more than 90,000 students in grades 7 through 12, and gathered information on social and demographic characteristics of adolescent respondents, education and occupation of parents, household structure, expectations for the future, self-esteem, health status, risk behaviors, friendships, and school-year extracurricular activities. All students listed on a sample school's roster were eligible for selection into the core in-home interview sample. In-home interviews included topics such as health status, health-facility utilization, nutrition, peer networks, decision-making processes, family composition and dynamics, educational aspirations and expectations, employment experience, romantic and sexual partnerships, substance use, and criminal activities. A parent, preferably the resident mother, of each adolescent respondent interviewed in Wave I was also asked to complete an interviewer-assisted questionnaire covering topics such as inheritable health conditions, marriages and marriage-like relationships, neighborhood characteristics, involvement in volunteer, civic, and school activities, health-affecting behaviors, education and employment, household income and economic assistance, parent-adolescent communication and interaction, parent's familiarity with the adolescent's friends and friends' parents. Add Health data collection recommenced for Wave II from April to August 1996, and included almost 15,000 follow-up in-home interviews with adolescents from Wave I. Interview questions were generally similar to Wave I, but also included questions about sun exposure and more detailed nutrition questions. Respondents were asked to report their height and weight during the course of the interview, and were also weighed and measured by the interviewer. From August 2001 to April 2002, Wave III data were collected through in-home interviews with 15,170 Wave I respondents (now 18 to 26 years old), as well as interviews with their partners. Respondents were administered survey questions designed to obtain information about family, relationships, sexual experiences, childbearing, and educational histories, labor force involvement, civic participation, religion and spirituality, mental health, health insurance, illness, delinquency and violence, gambling, substance abuse, and involvement with the criminal justice system. High School Transcript Release Forms were also collected at Wave III, and these data comprise the Education Data component of the Add Health study. Wave IV in-home interviews were conducted in 2008 and 2009 when the original Wave I respondents were 24 to 32 years old. Longitudinal survey data were collected on the social, economic, psychological, and health circumstances of respondents, as well as longitudinal geographic data. Survey questions were expanded on educational transitions, economic status and financial resources and strains, sleep patterns and sleep quality, eating habits and nutrition, illnesses and medications, physical activities, emotional content and quality of current or most recent romantic/cohabiting/marriage relationships, and maltreatment during childhood by caregivers. Dates and circumstances of key life events occurring in young adulthood were also recorded, including a complete marriage and cohabitation history, full pregnancy and fertility histories from both men and women, an educational history of dates of degrees and school attendance, contact with the criminal justice system, military service, and various employment events, including the date of first and current jobs, with respective information on occupation, industry, wages, hours, and benefits. Finally, physical measurements and biospecimens were also collected at Wave IV, and included anthropometric measures of weight, height and waist circumference, cardiovascular measures such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse, metabolic measures from dried blood spots assayed for lipids, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), measures of inflammation and immune function, including High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Wave V data collection took place from 2016 to 2018, when the original Wave I respondents were 33 to 43 years old. For the first time, a mixed mode survey design was used. In addition, several experiments were embedded in early phases of the data collection to test response to various treatments. A similar range of data was collected on social, environmental, economic, behavioral, and health circumstances of respondents, with the addition of retrospective child health and socio-economic status questions. Physical measurements and biospecimens were again collected at Wave V, and included most of the same measures as at Wave IV. Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: Wave I: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS2: Wave I: Public Use Contextual Database DS3: Wave I: Network Variables DS4: Wave I: Public Use Grand Sample Weights DS5: Wave II: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS6: Wave II: Public Use Contextual Database DS7: Wave II: Public Use Grand Sample Weights DS8: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS9: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 17: Relationships) DS10: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 18: Pregnancies) DS11: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 19: Relationships in Detail) DS12: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 22: Completed Pregnancies) DS13: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 23: Current Pregnancies) DS14: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 24: Live Births) DS15: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 25: Children and Parenting) DS16: Wave III: Public Use Education Data DS17: Wave III: Public Use Graduation Data DS18: Wave III: Public Use Education Data Weights DS19: Wave III: Add Health School Weights DS20: Wave III: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PVT), Public Use DS21: Wave III: Public In-Home Weights DS22: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS23: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 16B: Relationships) DS24: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 16C: Relationships) DS25: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 18: Pregnancy Table) DS26: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 19: Live Births) DS27: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 20A: Children and Parenting) DS28: Wave IV: Biomarkers, Measures of Inflammation and Immune Function DS29: Wave IV: Biomarkers, Measures of Glucose Homeostasis DS30: Wave IV: Biomarkers, Lipids DS31: Wave IV: Public Use Weights DS32: Wave V: Mixed-Mode Survey, Public Use Sample DS33: Wave V: Mixed-Mode Survey, Public Use Sample (Section 16B: Pregnancy, Live Births, Children and Parenting) DS34: Wave V: Biomarkers, Anthropometrics DS35: Wave V: Biomarkers, Cardiovascular Measures DS36: Wave V: Biomarkers, Demographics DS37: Wave V: Biomarkers, Measures of Glucose Homeostasis DS38: Wave V: Biomarkers, Measures of Inflammation and Immune Function DS39: Wave V: Biomarkers, Lipids DS40: Wave V: Biomarkers, Medication Use DS41: Wave V: Biomarkers, Renal Function DS42: Wave V: Public Use Weights Wave I: The Stage 1 in-school sample was a stratified, random sample of all high schools in the United States. A school was eligible for the sample if it included an 11th grade and had a minimum enrollment of 30 students. A feeder school -- a school that sent graduates to the high school and that included a 7th grade -- was also recruited from the community. The in-school questionnaire was administered to more than 90,000 students in grades 7 through 12. The Stage 2 in-home sample of 27,000 adolescents consisted of a core sample from each community, plus selected special over samples. Eligibility for over samples was determined by an adolescent's responses on the in-school questionnaire. Adolescents could qualify for more than one sample. Wave II: The Wave II in-home interview surveyed almost 15,000 of the same students one year after Wave I. Wave III: The in-home Wave III sample consists of over 15,000 Wave I respondents who could be located and re-interviewed six years later. Wave IV: All original Wave I in-home respondents were eligible for in-home interviews at Wave IV. At Wave IV, the Add Health sample was dispersed across the nation with respondents living in all 50 states. Administrators were able to locate 92.5% of the Wave IV sample and interviewed 80.3% of eligible sample members. Wave V: All Wave I respondents who were still living were eligible at Wave V, yielding a pool of 19,828 persons. This pool was split into three stratified random samples for the purposes of survey design testing. For additional information on sampling, including detailed information on special oversamples, please see the Add Health Study Design page. audio computer-assisted self interview (ACASI); computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI); computer-assisted self interview (CASI); face-to-face interview; mixed mode; paper and pencil interview (PAPI); telephone interviewWave V data files were minimally processed by ICPSR. For value labeling, missing value designation, and question text (where applicable), please see the available P.I. Codebook/Questionnaires. The study-level documentation (Data Guide, User Guide) does not include Wave V datasets.Documentation for Waves prior to Wave V may use an older version of the study title.Users should be aware that version history notes dated prior to 2015-11-09 do not apply to the current organization of the datasets.Please note that dates present in the Summary and Time Period fields are taken from the Add Health Study Design page. The Date of Collection field represents the range of interview dates present in the data files for each wave.Wave I and Wave II field work was conducted by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago.Wave III, Wave IV, and Wave V field work was conducted by the Research Triangle Institute.For the most updated list of related publications, please see the Add Health Publications Web site.Additional information on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) series can be found on the Add Health Web site. Add Health was developed in response to a mandate from the U.S. Congress to fund a study of adolescent health. Waves I and II focused on the forces that may influence adolescents' health and risk behaviors, including personal traits, families, friendships, romantic relationships, peer groups, schools, neighborhoods, and communities. As participants aged into adulthood, the scientific goals of the study expanded and evolved. Wave III explored adolescent experiences and behaviors related to decisions, behavior, and health outcomes in the transition to adulthood. Wave IV expanded to examine developmental and health trajectories across the life course of adolescence into young adulthood, using an integrative study design which combined social, behavioral, and biomedical measures data collection. Wave V aimed to track the emergence of chronic disease as the cohort aged into their 30s and early 40s. Add health is a school-based longitudinal study of a nationally-representative sample of adolescents in grates 7-12 in the United States in 1945-45. Over more than 20 years of data collection, data have been collected from adolescents, their fellow students, school administrators, parents, siblings, friends, and romantic partners through multiple data collection components. In addition, existing databases with information about respondents' neighborhoods and communities have been merged with Add Health data, including variables on income poverty, unemployment, availability and utilization of health services, crime, church membership, and social programs and policies. The data files are not weighted. However, the collection features a number of weight variables contained within the following datasets: DS4: Wave I: Public Use Grand Sample Weights DS7: Wave II: Public Use Grand Sample Weights DS18: Wave III: Public Use Education Data Weights DS19: Wave III: Add Health School Weights DS21: Wave III: Public In-Home Weights DS31: Wave IV: Public Use Weights DS42: Wave V: Public Use Weights Please note that these weights files do not apply to the Biomarker data files. For additional information on the application of weights for data analysis, please see the ICPSR User Guide, or the Guidelines for Analyzing Add Health Data. Response Rates: Response rates for each wave were as follows: Wave I: 79 percent Wave II: 88.6 percent Wave III: 77.4 percent Wave IV: 80.3 percent Wave V: 71.8 percent Adolescents in grades 7 through 12 during the 1994-1995 school year. Respondents were geographically located in the United States.

    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    8
    citations8
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Native and nonnative listeners categorized /v/ and /f/ at the end of English nonwords. For each participant, the duration of the previous vowel was kept constant, so that it was not informative and sometimes mismatched other information in the signal. Vowel duration was varied between participants. Previously presented results [M. Broersma, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 3809–3901 (2005)] showed that native English listeners relied strongly on the misleading vowel duration cue. For Dutch listeners, no effect of vowel duration was found. Due to the redundancy of information in the signal, Dutch listeners categorized the contrast more categorically than English listeners. New analyses investigated whether Dutch listeners did not attempt to use vowel duration at all, or whether they learned to ignore the misleading cue more easily than the English listeners did. The results showed that Dutch listeners did use vowel duration initially, but stopped using this cue after very few trials. By the end of the practice part (33 trials) the effect of vowel duration had fully disappeared. The English listeners used vowel duration as a voicing cue throughout the experiment. This suggests that it may be easier to learn to ignore uninformative perceptual cues in a nonnative language than in one’s native language.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Radboud Repo...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    1
    citations1
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Radboud Repo...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
16 Research products
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lazrak, Ali; Zhang, Jianfeng;

    We study pre-vote interactions in a committee that enacts a welfare-improving reform through voting. Committee members use decentralized promises contingent on the reform enactment to influence the vote outcome. Equilibrium promises prevent beneficial coalitional deviations and minimize total promises. We show that multiple equilibria exist, involving promises from high- to low-intensity members to enact the reform. Promises dissuade reform opponents from enticing the least enthusiastic reform supporters to vote against the reform. We explore whether some recipients of the promises can be supporters of the reform and discuss the impact of polarization on the total promises.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    SSRN Electronic Journal
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      SSRN Electronic Journal
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: Crossref
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lazrak, Ali; Wang, Hanxiao; Yong, Jiongmin;

    We investigate a linear quadratic stochastic zero-sum game where two players lobby a political representative to invest in a wind turbine farm. Players are time-inconsistent because they discount performance with a non-constant rate. Our objective is to identify a consistent planning equilibrium in which the players are aware of their inconsistency and cannot commit to a lobbying policy. We analyze the equilibrium behavior in both single player and two-player cases, and compare the behavior of the game under constant and non-constant discount rates. The equilibrium behavior is provided in closed-loop form, either analytically or via numerical approximation. Our numerical analysis of the equilibrium reveals that strategic behavior leads to more intense lobbying without resulting in overshooting.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Finance and Stochastics
    Article . 2023
    License: Springer Nature TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Finance and Stochastics
      Article . 2023
      License: Springer Nature TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • A Data Guide for this study is available as a web page and for download. The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), 1994-2008 [Public Use] is a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents in grades 7 through 12 during the 1994-1995 school year. The Add Health cohort was followed into young adulthood with four in-home interviews, the most recent conducted in 2008 when the sample was aged 24-32. Add Health combines longitudinal survey data on respondents' social, economic, psychological, and physical well-being with contextual data on the family, neighborhood, community, school, friendships, peer groups, and romantic relationships. Add Health Wave I data collection took place between September 1994 and December 1995, and included both an in-school questionnaire and in-home interview. The in-school questionnaire was administered to more than 90,000 students in grades 7 through 12, and gathered information on social and demographic characteristics of adolescent respondents, education and occupation of parents, household structure, expectations for the future, self-esteem, health status, risk behaviors, friendships, and school-year extracurricular activities. All students listed on a sample school's roster were eligible for selection into the core in-home interview sample. In-home interviews included topics such as health status, health-facility utilization, nutrition, peer networks, decision-making processes, family composition and dynamics, educational aspirations and expectations, employment experience, romantic and sexual partnerships, substance use, and criminal activities. A parent, preferably the resident mother, of each adolescent respondent interviewed in Wave I was also asked to complete an interviewer-assisted questionnaire covering topics such as inheritable health conditions, marriages and marriage-like relationships, neighborhood characteristics, involvement in volunteer, civic, and school activities, health-affecting behaviors, education and employment, household income and economic assistance, parent-adolescent communication and interaction, parent's familiarity with the adolescent's friends and friends' parents. Add Health data collection recommenced for Wave II from April to August 1996, and included almost 15,000 follow-up in-home interviews with adolescents from Wave I. Interview questions were generally similar to Wave I, but also included questions about sun exposure and more detailed nutrition questions. Respondents were asked to report their height and weight during the course of the interview, and were also weighed and measured by the interviewer. From August 2001 to April 2002, Wave III data were collected through in-home interviews with 15,170 Wave I respondents (now 18 to 26 years old), as well as interviews with their partners. Respondents were administered survey questions designed to obtain information about family, relationships, sexual experiences, childbearing, and educational histories, labor force involvement, civic participation, religion and spirituality, mental health, health insurance, illness, delinquency and violence, gambling, substance abuse, and involvement with the criminal justice system. High School Transcript Release Forms were also collected at Wave III, and these data comprise the Education Data component of the Add Health study. Wave IV in-home interviews were conducted in 2008 and 2009 when the original Wave I respondents were 24 to 32 years old. Longitudinal survey data were collected on the social, economic, psychological, and health circumstances of respondents, as well as longitudinal geographic data. Survey questions were expanded on educational transitions, economic status and financial resources and strains, sleep patterns and sleep quality, eating habits and nutrition, illnesses and medications, physical activities, emotional content and quality of current or most recent romantic/cohabiting/marriage relationships, and maltreatment during childhood by caregivers. Dates and circumstances of key life events occurring in young adulthood were also recorded, including a complete marriage and cohabitation history, full pregnancy and fertility histories from both men and women, an educational history of dates of degrees and school attendance, contact with the criminal justice system, military service, and various employment events, including the date of first and current jobs, with respective information on occupation, industry, wages, hours, and benefits. Finally, physical measurements and biospecimens were also collected at Wave IV, and included anthropometric measures of weight, height and waist circumference, cardiovascular measures such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse, metabolic measures from dried blood spots assayed for lipids, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), measures of inflammation and immune function, including High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: Wave I: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS2: Wave I: Public Use Contextual Database DS3: Wave I: Network Variables DS4: Wave I: Public Use Grand Sample Weights DS5: Wave II: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS6: Wave II: Public Use Contextual Database DS7: Wave II: Public Use Grand Sample Weights DS8: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS9: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 17: Relationships) DS10: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 18: Pregnancies) DS11: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 19: Relationships in Detail) DS12: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 22: Completed Pregnancies) DS13: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 23: Current Pregnancies) DS14: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 24: Live Births) DS15: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 25: Children and Parenting) DS16: Wave III: Public Use Education Data DS17: Wave III: Public Use Graduation Data DS18: Wave III: Public Use Education Data Weights DS19: Wave III: Add Health School Weights DS20: Wave III: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PVT), Public Use DS21: Wave III: Public In-Home Weights DS22: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS23: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 16B: Relationships) DS24: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 16C: Relationships) DS25: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 18: Pregnancy Table) DS26: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 19: Live Births) DS27: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 20A: Children and Parenting) DS28: Wave IV: Biomarkers, Measures of Inflammation and Immune Function DS29: Wave IV: Biomarkers, Measures of Glucose Homeostasis DS30: Wave IV: Biomarkers, Lipids DS31: Wave IV: Public Use Weights Wave I: The Stage 1 in-school sample was a stratified, random sample of all high schools in the United States. A school was eligible for the sample if it included an 11th grade and had a minimum enrollment of 30 students. A feeder school -- a school that sent graduates to the high school and that included a 7th grade -- was also recruited from the community. The in-school questionnaire was administered to more than 90,000 students in grades 7 through 12. The Stage 2 in-home sample of 27,000 adolescents consisted of a core sample from each community, plus selected special over samples. Eligibility for over samples was determined by an adolescent's responses on the in-school questionnaire. Adolescents could qualify for more than one sample.; Wave II: The Wave II in-home interview surveyed almost 15,000 of the same students one year after Wave I.; Wave III: The in-home Wave III sample consists of over 15,000 Wave I respondents who could be located and re-interviewed six years later.; Wave IV: All original Wave I in-home respondents were eligible for in-home interviews at Wave IV. At Wave IV, the Add Health sample was dispersed across the nation with respondents living in all 50 states. Administrators were able to locate 92.5% of the Wave IV sample and interviewed 80.3% of eligible sample members. ; For additional information on sampling, including detailed information on special oversamples, please see the Add Health Study Design page. Add Health was developed in response to a mandate from the U.S. Congress to fund a study of adolescent health. Waves I and II focused on the forces that may influence adolescents' health and risk behaviors, including personal traits, families, friendships, romantic relationships, peer groups, schools, neighborhoods, and communities. As participants aged into adulthood, the scientific goals of the study expanded and evolved. Wave III explored adolescent experiences and behaviors related to decisions, behavior, and health outcomes in the transition to adulthood. Wave IV expanded to examine developmental and health trajectories across the life course of adolescence into young adulthood, using an integrative study design which combined social, behavioral, and biomedical measures data collection. Response Rates: Response rates for each wave were as follows: Wave I: 79 percent; Wave II: 88.6 percent; Wave III: 77.4 percent; Wave IV: 80.3 percent; Adolescents in grades 7 through 12 during the 1994-1995 school year. Respondents were geographically located in the United States. audio computer-assisted self interview (ACASI) computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) computer-assisted self interview (CASI) paper and pencil interview (PAPI) face-to-face interview

    Inter-university Con...arrow_drop_down
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    65
    citations65
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceTop 10%
    impulseTop 10%
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Social institutions that facilitate sharing and redistribution may help mitigate the impact of resource shocks. In the North American Arctic, traditional food sharing may direct food to those who need it and provide a form of natural insurance against temporal variability in hunting returns within households. Here, network properties that facilitate resource flow (network size, quality, and density) are examined in a country food sharing network comprising 109 Inuit households from a village in Nunavik (Canada), using regressions to investigate the relationships between these network measures and household socioeconomic attributes. The results show that although single women and elders have larger networks, the sharing network is not structured to prioritize sharing towards households with low food availability. Rather, much food sharing appears to be driven by reciprocity between high-harvest households, meaning that poor, low-harvest households tend to have less sharing-based social capital than more affluent, high-harvest households. This suggests that poor, low-harvest households may be more vulnerable to disruptions in the availability of country food.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Europe PubMed Central
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: PubMed Central
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: MPG.PuRe
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2018
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: MPG.PuRe
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2018
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    PLoS ONE
    Article
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    DOAJ
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: DOAJ
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    25
    citations25
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceAverage
    impulseTop 10%
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Europe PubMed Central
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: PubMed Central
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      MPG.PuRe
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: MPG.PuRe
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      MPG.PuRe
      Article . 2018
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: MPG.PuRe
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      PLoS ONE
      Article . 2018
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      PLoS ONE
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      PLoS ONE
      Article
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      DOAJ
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: DOAJ
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Martin Elvis; Tony Milligan; Alanna Krolikowski;

    The Outer Space Treaty makes it clear that the Moon is the province of all mankind, with the latter ordinarily understood to exclude state or private appropriation of any portion of its surface. However, there are indeterminacies in the Treaty and in space law generally over the issue of appropriation. These indeterminacies might permit a close approximation to a property claim or some manner of quasi-property. The recently revealed highly inhomogeneous distribution of lunar resources changes the context of these issues. We illustrate this altered situation by considering the Peaks of Eternal Light. They occupy about one square kilometer of the lunar surface. We consider a thought experiment in which a Solar telescope is placed on one of the Peaks of Eternal Light at the lunar South pole for scientific research. Its operation would require nondisturbance, and hence that the Peak remain unvisited by others, effectively establishing a claim of protective exclusion and de facto appropriation. Such a telescope would be relatively easy to emplace with todays technology and so poses a near-term property issue on the Moon. While effective appropriation of a Peak might proceed without raising some of the familiar problems associated with commercial development (especially lunar mining), the possibility of such appropriation nonetheless raises some significant issues concerning justice and the safeguarding of scientific practice on the lunar surface. We consider this issue from scientific, technical, ethical and policy viewpoints. Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures (color). Space Policy in press

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Space Policy
    Article
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Space Policy
    Article . 2016
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2016
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    20
    citations20
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceTop 10%
    impulseTop 10%
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Space Policy
      Article
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Space Policy
      Article . 2016
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2016
      License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
      Data sources: Datacite
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Chaoran Wang; Mateusz Ruszkowski; H-Y Karen Yang;

    Black hole feedback plays a central role in shaping the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of elliptical galaxies. We systematically study the impact of plasma physics on the evolution of ellipticals by performing three-dimensional non-ideal magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of the interactions of active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets with the CGM including magnetic fields, and cosmic rays (CRs) and their transport processes. We find that the physics of feedback operating on large galactic scales depends very sensitively on plasma physics operating on small scales. Specifically, we demonstrate that: (i) in the purely hydrodynamical case, the AGN jets initially maintain the atmospheres in global thermal balance. However, local thermal instability generically leads to the formation of massive cold disks in the vicinity of the central black hole in disagreement with observations; (ii) including weak magnetic fields prevents the formation of the disks because local B-field amplification in the precipitating cold gas leads to strong magnetic breaking, which quickly extracts angular momentum from the accreting clouds. The magnetic fields transform the cold clouds into narrow filaments that do not fall ballistically; (iii) when plasma composition in the AGN jets is dominated by CRs, and CR transport is neglected, the atmospheres exhibit cooling catastrophes due to inefficient heat transfer from the AGN to CGM despite Coulomb/hadronic CR losses being present; (iv) including CR streaming and heating restores agreement with the observations, i.e., cooling catastrophes are prevented and massive cold central disks do not form. The AGN power is reduced as its energy is utilized efficiently. submitted to MNRAS

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Monthly Notices of t...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
    Article . 2020
    License: OUP Standard Publication Reuse
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2019
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    15
    citations15
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceAverage
    impulseTop 10%
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Monthly Notices of t...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
      Article . 2020
      License: OUP Standard Publication Reuse
      Data sources: Crossref
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2019
      License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
      Data sources: Datacite
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • Authors: Ohio State University. Center For Human Resource Research.;

    Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: Mature Men, 1966-1990 DS2: Mature Women, 1967-1986 (Main File) DS3: Young Men, 1966-1981 DS4: Young Women, 1968-1982 (Main File) DS5: Youth, 1979-1992 (Common Demographic Information) DS6: Youth, 1979-1992 (Created Key Variables) DS7: Youth, 1979-1992 (Family Background) DS8: Youth, 1979-1992 (Marital History) DS9: Youth, 1979-1992 (Current Labor Force Status) DS10: Youth, 1979-1992 (Jobs) DS11: Youth, 1979-1992 (Job Information--Employer Supplement) DS12: Youth, 1979-1992 (Periods Not Working--Employer Supplement) DS13: Youth, 1979-1992 (Information Sheet, 1980-1989) DS14: Youth, 1979-1992 (Regular Schooling) DS15: Youth, 1979-1992 (Income and Assets, 1979-1990) DS16: Youth, 1979-1992 (Assets, 1985-1989) DS17: Youth, 1979-1992 (Household Record) DS18: Youth, 1979-1992 (Periods When Respondent Was Not Working or in the Military) DS19: Youth, 1979-1992 (Degrees and Certification, 1979-1984 and 1988- 1989) DS20: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1982-1984) DS21: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1985) DS22: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1986) DS23: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1987) DS24: Youth, 1979-1992 (Children Record Form for Biological Children) DS25: Youth, 1979-1992 (Children Record Form for Non-Biological Children) DS26: Youth, 1979-1992 (Fertility, 1979-1981) DS27: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1979) DS28: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1980) DS29: Young Women, 1968-1982 (Attachment 2 File) DS30: Young Women, 1968-1982 (Attachment 3 File) DS31: Young Women, 1968-1982 (KWIC Index) DS32: Young Women, 1968-1982 (Numeric Index) DS33: Young Women, 1983-1991 (Main File) DS34: Young Women, 1983-1991 (Attachment File) DS35: Young Women, 1983-1991 (KWIC Index) DS36: Young Women, 1983-1991 (Numeric Index) DS37: Mature Men, 1966-1990 (Attachment 3) DS38: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1981) DS39: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1982) DS40: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1983) DS41: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1984) DS42: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1985) DS43: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1986) DS44: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1987) DS46: Youth, 1979-1992 (Government Jobs--Employer Supplement, 1979-1987) DS47: Youth, 1979-1992 (Profiles--ASVAB Vocational Test, 1980) DS48: Youth, 1979-1992 (School Survey) DS49: Youth, 1979-1992 (Transcript Survey) DS50: Youth, 1979-1992 (Military Data, 1980-1989) DS51: Child-Mother, 1979-1990 (Merged File) DS52: Merged Child-Mother Data, 1979-1990 (Numeric Index) DS53: Mature Men, 1966-1990 (Numeric Index) DS54: Mature Men, 1966-1990 (KWIC Index) DS55: Mature Women, 1967-1986 (Numeric Index) DS56: Mature Women, 1967-1986 (KWIC Index) DS57: Young Men, 1966-1981 (Numeric Index) DS58: Young Men, 1966-1981 (KWIC Index) DS59: Original Cohort Relationship: Mature Men, Mature Women DS60: Original Cohort Relationship: Mature Men, Young Women DS61: Original Cohort Relationship: Mature Men, Young Men DS62: Original Cohort Relationship: Mature Women, Young Women DS63: Original Cohort Relationship: Mature Women, Young Men DS64: Original Cohort Relationship: Young Men, Young Women DS65: Original Cohort Relationship Documentation DS67: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Round 5 Respondent-Relation Distance DS68: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Round 5 Respondent-Relation Distance, Record Layout DS69: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Round 6 Respondent-Relation Distance DS70: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Round 6 Respondent-Relation Distance, Record Layout DS71: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Round 7 Respondent-Relation Distance DS72: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Round 7 Respondent-Relation Distance, Record Layout DS73: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Respondent Mobility File DS74: Women's Support Network, 1983-1985: Respondent Mobility File, Record Layout DS75: Youth, 1979-1992 (Other Training) DS76: Youth, 1979-1992 (Government Training, 1979-1987) DS77: Youth, 1979-1992 (Child Care, 1982-1989) DS78: Youth, 1979-1992 (Health) DS79: Youth, 1979-1992 (Alcohol Use, 1982-1985 and 1988-1989) DS80: Youth, 1979-1992 (Drug Use, 1984 and 1988) DS81: Youth, 1979-1992 (Illegal Activities and Reported Police Contacts, 1980) DS82: Youth, 1979-1992 (Job Search and Job Findings, 1981-1982 and 1986- 1987) DS83: Youth, 1979-1992 (Last Job Lasting 2 Weeks or More, 1979) DS84: Youth, 1979-1992 (Work Experience Prior to 11/1/78, 1979) DS85: Youth, 1979-1992 (Attitudes of Influential Person Toward Respondent's Decisions, 1979) DS86: Youth, 1979-1992 (Attitudes Toward Hypothetical Job Offers, 1979) DS87: Youth, 1979-1992 (Attitudes Toward Work, Self, Traditional Roles, AIDS, 1979-1984 and 1987-1988) DS88: Youth, 1979-1992 (Interviewer Remarks) DS89: Youth, 1979-1992 (Time Spent Working, Going to School, Training, Etc., 1981) DS90: Youth, 1979-1992 (Supplemental Fertility File) DS91: Youth, 1979-1992 (Numeric Index) DS92: Youth, 1979-1992 (KWIC Index) DS93: Youth, 1979-1992 (Codebook) DS94: Youth, 1979-1992 (Workhistory) DS95: Attachment 3 for Mature Women, 1967-1986 DS96: Mature Women, 1987-1989 (Main File) DS97: Mature Women, 1987-1989 (KWIC Index) DS98: Mature Women, 1987-1989 (Numeric Index) DS99: Attachment 3 for Mature Women, 1987-1989 DS100: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1988) DS101: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1988) DS102: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1978 DS103: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1980 DS104: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1982 DS105: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1983 DS106: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1985 DS107: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1987 DS108: Mature Women, Flowchart for Year 1979 DS109: Mature Women, Flowchart for Year 1981 DS110: Mature Women, Flowchart for Year 1982 DS111: Mature Women, Flowchart for Year 1984 DS112: Mature Women, Flowchart for Year 1986 DS113: Mature Women, Flowchart for Year 1987 DS116: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1988 DS117: Young Women, Flowchart for Year 1991 DS118: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1989) DS119: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1989) DS120: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Common Demographic Information) DS121: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Created Key Variables) DS122: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Family Background) DS123: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Marital History) DS124: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Current Labor Force Status) DS125: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Jobs) DS126: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Job Information--Employer Supplement) DS127: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Periods Not Working--Employer Supplement) DS128: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Information Sheet, 1980-1989) DS129: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Regular Schooling) DS130: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Income and Assets, 1979-1990) DS131: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Assets, 1985- 1989) DS132: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Household Record) DS133: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Periods When Respondent Was Not Working or in the Military) DS134: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Degrees and Certification, 1979-1984 and 1988-1989) DS135: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1982-1984) DS136: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1985) DS137: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1986) DS138: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1987) DS139: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Children Record Form for Biological Children) DS140: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Children Record Form for Non-Biological Children) DS141: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Fertility, 1979- 1981) DS142: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1979) DS143: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1980) DS144: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1981) DS145: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1982) DS146: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1983) DS147: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1984) DS148: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1985) DS149: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1986) DS150: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1987) DS151: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Government Jobs--Employer Supplement, 1979-1987) DS152: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Profiles, ASVAB Vocational Test, 1980) DS153: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, School Survey) DS154: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Transcript Survey) DS155: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Military Data, 1980-1989) DS156: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Other Training) DS157: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Governmental Training, 1979-1987) DS158: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Child Care, 1982-1989) DS159: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Health) DS160: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Alcohol Use, 1982-1985 and 1988-1989) DS161: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Drug Use, 1984 and 1988) DS162: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Illegal Activities and Reported Police Contacts, 1980) DS163: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Job Search and Job Findings, 1981-1982 and 1986-1987) DS164: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Last Job Lasting 2 Weeks or More, 1979) DS165: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Work Experience Prior to 11/1/78, 1979) DS166: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Attitudes of Influential Person Toward Respondent's Decisions, 1979) DS167: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Attitudes Toward Hypothetical Job Offers, 1979) DS168: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Attitudes Toward Work, Self, Traditional Roles, AIDS, 1979-1984 and 1987-1988) DS169: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Interviewer Remarks) DS170: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Time Spent Working, Going to School, Training, Etc., 1981) DS171: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Supplemental Fertility File) DS172: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1988) DS173: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1988) DS174: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1989) DS175: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1989) DS176: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1990) DS177: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1990) DS178: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1990) DS179: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1990) DS180: Child Assessment Supplement, 1986 DS181: Child Assessment Supplement, 1988 DS182: Child Assessment Supplement, 1990 DS183: Codebook for All Child Assessment Supplements DS184: Index for All Child Assessment Supplements DS185: Mature Men, 1966-1991 (Flowchart 1978) DS186: Mature Men, 1966-1991 (Flowchart 1980) DS187: Mature Men, 1966-1991 (Flowchart 1981) DS188: Mature Men, 1966-1991 (Flowchart 1983) DS189: Mature Men, 1966-1991 (Flowchart for Widows, 1990) DS190: Mature Men, 1966-1991 (Flowchart 1990) DS191: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements for Birth Record and Fertility, 1991) DS192: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements for Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1991) DS193: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Record and Fertility, 1991) DS194: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1991) DS196: Young Women, 1968-1991 (Appendix 33) DS197: Mature Men, 1966-1990 (Appendix 32) DS198: Mature Women, 1989 Pension (ISR Pension Data File) DS199: Mature Women, 1989 Pension (Crosswalk File of NLS Mature Women) DS200: Youth, 1979-1992 (Birth Records and Fertility, 1992) DS201: Youth, 1979-1992 (Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1992) DS202: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Birth Record and Fertility, 1992) DS203: Youth, 1979-1992 (SAS Data Definition Statements, Miscellaneous Non-Longitudinal Items, 1992) DS204: Handbook 1994 DS205: User Guide 1994 DS206: Child Handbook DS207: Child-Mother and Assessment 1986-1990 Guide DS208: Child-Mother Questionnaire, 1979-1988 DS209: Child-Mother Questionnaire, 1990 DS210: Child-Mother Questionnaire, 1992 DS211: Youth Surveys Questionnaire, 1979 DS212: Youth Surveys Questionnaire, 1980 DS213: Youth Surveys Questionnaire, 1981 DS214: Youth Surveys Questionnaire, 1982 DS222: Youth Surveys Questionnaire, 1992 DS9998: Citation The primary purpose of the five sets of surveys that comprise the National Longitudinal Surveys is the collection of data on the labor force experience of specific age-sex groups of Americans: Older Men aged 45-59 in 1966, Mature Women aged 30-44 in 1967, Young Men aged 14-24 in 1966, Young Women aged 14-24 in 1968, and Youth aged 14-21 in 1979. Each of the 1960s cohorts has been surveyed 12 or more times over the years, and the Youth cohort has been surveyed yearly since 1979. The major topics covered within the surveys of each cohort include: (1) labor market experience variables (including labor force participation, unemployment, job history, and job mobility), (2) socioeconomic and human capital variables (including education, training, health and physical condition, marital and family characteristics, financial characteristics, and job attitudes), and (3) selected environmental variables (size of labor force and unemployment rates for local area). While the surveys of each cohort have collected data on the above core sets of variables, cohort-specific data have been gathered over the years focusing on the particular stage of labor market attachment that each group was experiencing. Thus, the surveys of young people have collected data on their educational goals, high school and college experiences, high school characteristics, and occupational aspirations and expectations, as well as military service. The surveys of women have gathered data on topics such as fertility, child care, responsibility for household tasks, care of parents, volunteer work, attitudes towards women working, and job discrimination. As the older-aged cohorts of men and women approached labor force withdrawal, surveys for these groups collected information on their retirement plans, health status, and pension benefits. Respondents within the 1979 Youth cohort have been the focus of a number of special surveys, including the collection of data on: (1) last secondary school attended, including transcript information and selected aptitude/intelligence scores, (2) test scores from the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB), (3) illegal activities participation including police contacts, and (4) alcohol use and substance abuse. Finally, the 1986 and 1988 surveys of the Youth cohort included the administration of a battery of cognitive-socioemotional assessments to the approximately 7,000 children of the female 1979 Youth respondents. Data for the five cohorts are provided within main file releases, i.e., Mature Women 1967-1989, Young Women 1968-1991, Young Men 1966-1981, Older Men 1966-1990, and NLSY (Youth) 1979-1992. In addition, the following specially constructed data files are available: (1) a file that specifies the relationships among members of the four original cohorts living in the same household at the time of the initial surveys, i.e., husband-wife, mother-daughter, brother-sister, etc., (2) an NLSY workhistory tape detailing the week-by-week labor force attachment of the youth respondents from 1978 through the most current survey date, (3) an NLSY child-mother file linking the child assessment data to other information on children and mothers within the NLSY, (4) a supplemental NLSY file of constructed and edited fertility variables, (5) a women's support network tape detailing the geographic proximity of the relatives, friends, and acquaintances of 6,308 female NLSY respondents who were interviewed during the 1983-1985 surveys, and (6) two 1989 Mature Women's pension file detailing information on pensions and other employer-provided benefits. Each of the first four cohorts is represented by a national probability sample of approximately 5,000 individuals--1,500 Blacks and 3,500 Whites. These four "original cohorts" have been interviewed at least once in every two-year period since the 1960s. Retention rates have remained high, with around two-thirds of the active samples continuing to be interviewed. Three independent probability samples, designed to be representative of the entire population of youth born in the United States between 1957 and 1964, were drawn for the NLSY: (1) a cross-sectional sample of 6,111 respondents designed to be representative of the noninstitutionalized civilian segment of American young people aged 14-21 as of January 1, 1979, (2) a supplemental sample of 5,295 respondents designed to oversample civilian Hispanic, Black, and economically disadvantaged non-Hispanic, non-Black youth, and (3) a military sample of 1,280 respondents designed to represent the population aged 17-21 as of January 1, 1979, and serving in the military as of September 30, 1978. The retention rate for the NLSY, interviewed yearly since 1979, remains at over 90 percent. The military sample was interviewed from 1979-1984. (1) Due to the consolidation of files and removal of obsolete errata files, there are no Parts 45, 66, 114, 115, or 117 in this collection. These data occupy over 30 reels of tape when written at 6,250 bpi, and over 120 reels when written at 1,600 bpi. Due to the magnitude of this collection, interested users should initially request the introductory report that describes the file structure and content prior to submitting their orders. Codebooks are electronic although some supplementary materials are available only on microfiche. Numeric and KWIC indexes and various attachments are supplied as electronic files. Users will need to order Numeric and KWIC indexes along with data files to determine column locations for variables. (2) A change has been made to the structure of the 1979-1992 Youth Workhistory data file. The size of the file necessitated splitting the data into two records per case. The first record contains the data for the A, HOURS and DUALJOBS arrays and the second record contains the remainder of the data pertaining to specific job characteristics, gaps in employment, and summary labor force activity variables. Five cohorts are represented in this collection: Older Men aged 45 to 59 years of age in 1966, Mature Women aged 30 to 44 years in 1967, Young Men aged 14 to 24 years in 1966, Young Women aged 14 to 24 years in 1968, and NLSY (Youth--both males and females) aged 14 to 21 years in 1979.

    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Raghavan, M.; Steinrücken, M; Harris, M; Schiffels, Stephan; +142 Authors

    How and when the Americas were populated remains contentious. Using ancient and modern genome wide data we found that the ancestors of all present day Native Americans including Athabascans and Amerindians entered the Americas as a single migration wave from Siberia no earlier than 23 thousand years ago (ka) and after no more than an 8000 year isolation period in Beringia. After their arrival to the Americas ancestral Native Americans diversified into two basal genetic branches around 13 ka one that is now dispersed across North and South America and the other restricted to North America. Subsequent gene flow resulted in some Native Americans sharing ancestry with present day East Asians (including Siberians) and more distantly Australo Melanesians. Putative “Paleoamerican” relict populations including the historical Mexican Pericúes and South American Fuego Patagonians are not directly related to modern Australo Melanesians as suggested by the Paleoamerican Model. INTRODUCTION The consensus view on the peopling of the Americas is that ancestors of modern Native Americans entered the Americas from Siberia via the Bering Land Bridge and that this occurred at least {\textasciitilde}14.6 thousand years ago (ka). However the number and timing of migrations into the Americas remain controversial with conflicting interpretations based on anatomical and genetic evidence. RATIONALE In this study we address four major unresolved issues regarding the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans: (i) the timing of their divergence from their ancestral group (ii) the number of migrations into the Americas (iii) whether there was {\textasciitilde}15000 years of isolation of ancestral Native Americans in Beringia (Beringian Incubation Model) and (iv) whether there was post Pleistocene survival of relict populations in the Americas related to Australo Melanesians as suggested by apparent differences in cranial morphologies between some early (“Paleoamerican”) remains and those of more recent Native Americans. We generated 31 high coverage modern genomes from the Americas Siberia and Oceania; 23 ancient genomic sequences from the Americas dating between {\textasciitilde}0.2 and 6 ka; and SNP chip genotype data from 79 present day individuals belonging to 28 populations from the Americas and Siberia. The above data sets were analyzed together with published modern and ancient genomic data from worldwide populations after masking some present day Native Americans for recent European admixture. RESULTS Using three different methods we determined the divergence time for all Native Americans (Athabascans and Amerindians) from their Siberian ancestors to be {\textasciitilde}20 ka and no earlier than {\textasciitilde}23 ka. Furthermore we dated the divergence between Athabascans (northern Native American branch together with northern North American Amerindians) and southern North Americans and South and Central Americans (southern Native American branch) to be {\textasciitilde}13 ka. Similar divergence times from East Asian populations and a divergence time between the two branches that is close in age to the earliest well established archaeological sites in the Americas suggest that the split between the branches occurred within the Americas. We additionally found that several sequenced Holocene individuals from the Americas are related to present day populations from the same geographical regions implying genetic continuity of ancient and modern populations in some parts of the Americas over at least the past 8500 years. Moreover our results suggest that there has been gene flow between some Native Americans from both North and South America and groups related to East Asians and Australo Melanesians the latter possibly through an East Asian route that might have included ancestors of modern Aleutian Islanders. Last using both genomic and morphometric analyses we found that historical Native American groups such as the Pericúes and Fuego Patagonians were not “relicts” of Paleoamericans and hence our results do not support an early migration of populations directly related to Australo Melanesians into the Americas. CONCLUSION Our results provide an upper bound of {\textasciitilde}23 ka on the initial divergence of ancestral Native Americans from their East Asian ancestors followed by a short isolation period of no more than {\textasciitilde}8000 years and subsequent entrance and spread across the Americas. The data presented are consistent with a single migration model for all Native Americans with later gene flow from sources related to East Asians and indirectly Australo Melanesians. The single wave diversified {\textasciitilde}13 ka likely within the Americas giving rise to the northern and southern branches of present day Native Americans. View larger version: In this page In a new window Download PowerPoint Slide for Teaching Population history of present day Native Americans.The ancestors of all Native Americans entered the Americas as a single migration wave from Siberia (purple) no earlier than {\textasciitilde}23 ka separate from the Inuit (green) and diversified into “northern” and “southern” Native American branches {\textasciitilde}13 ka. There is evidence of post divergence gene flow between some Native Americans and groups related to East Asians/Inuit and Australo Melanesians (yellow). Genetic history of Native Americans Several theories have been put forth as to the origin and timing of when Native American ancestors entered the Americas. To clarify this controversy Raghavan et al. examined the genomic variation among ancient and modern individuals from Asia and the Americas. There is no evidence for multiple waves of entry or recurrent gene flow with Asians in northern populations. The earliest migrations occurred no earlier than 23000 years ago from Siberian ancestors. Amerindians and Athabascans originated from a single population splitting approximately 13000 years ago. Science this issue 10.1126/science.aab3884

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ MPG.PuRearrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2015
    Data sources: MPG.PuRe
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2015
    Data sources: MPG.PuRe
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Science
    Article
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    407
    citations407
    popularityTop 0.1%
    influenceTop 1%
    impulseTop 0.1%
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ MPG.PuRearrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      MPG.PuRe
      Article . 2015
      Data sources: MPG.PuRe
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      MPG.PuRe
      Article . 2015
      Data sources: MPG.PuRe
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Science
      Article
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • Authors: Harris, Kathleen Mullan; Udry, J. Richard;

    Downloads of Add Health require submission of the following information, which is shared with the original producer of Add Health: supervisor name, supervisor email, and reason for download. A Data Guide for this study is available as a web page and for download. The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), 1994-2018 [Public Use] is a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents in grades 7 through 12 during the 1994-1995 school year. The Add Health cohort was followed into young adulthood with four in-home interviews, the most recent conducted in 2008 when the sample was aged 24-32. Add Health combines longitudinal survey data on respondents' social, economic, psychological, and physical well-being with contextual data on the family, neighborhood, community, school, friendships, peer groups, and romantic relationships. Add Health Wave I data collection took place between September 1994 and December 1995, and included both an in-school questionnaire and in-home interview. The in-school questionnaire was administered to more than 90,000 students in grades 7 through 12, and gathered information on social and demographic characteristics of adolescent respondents, education and occupation of parents, household structure, expectations for the future, self-esteem, health status, risk behaviors, friendships, and school-year extracurricular activities. All students listed on a sample school's roster were eligible for selection into the core in-home interview sample. In-home interviews included topics such as health status, health-facility utilization, nutrition, peer networks, decision-making processes, family composition and dynamics, educational aspirations and expectations, employment experience, romantic and sexual partnerships, substance use, and criminal activities. A parent, preferably the resident mother, of each adolescent respondent interviewed in Wave I was also asked to complete an interviewer-assisted questionnaire covering topics such as inheritable health conditions, marriages and marriage-like relationships, neighborhood characteristics, involvement in volunteer, civic, and school activities, health-affecting behaviors, education and employment, household income and economic assistance, parent-adolescent communication and interaction, parent's familiarity with the adolescent's friends and friends' parents. Add Health data collection recommenced for Wave II from April to August 1996, and included almost 15,000 follow-up in-home interviews with adolescents from Wave I. Interview questions were generally similar to Wave I, but also included questions about sun exposure and more detailed nutrition questions. Respondents were asked to report their height and weight during the course of the interview, and were also weighed and measured by the interviewer. From August 2001 to April 2002, Wave III data were collected through in-home interviews with 15,170 Wave I respondents (now 18 to 26 years old), as well as interviews with their partners. Respondents were administered survey questions designed to obtain information about family, relationships, sexual experiences, childbearing, and educational histories, labor force involvement, civic participation, religion and spirituality, mental health, health insurance, illness, delinquency and violence, gambling, substance abuse, and involvement with the criminal justice system. High School Transcript Release Forms were also collected at Wave III, and these data comprise the Education Data component of the Add Health study. Wave IV in-home interviews were conducted in 2008 and 2009 when the original Wave I respondents were 24 to 32 years old. Longitudinal survey data were collected on the social, economic, psychological, and health circumstances of respondents, as well as longitudinal geographic data. Survey questions were expanded on educational transitions, economic status and financial resources and strains, sleep patterns and sleep quality, eating habits and nutrition, illnesses and medications, physical activities, emotional content and quality of current or most recent romantic/cohabiting/marriage relationships, and maltreatment during childhood by caregivers. Dates and circumstances of key life events occurring in young adulthood were also recorded, including a complete marriage and cohabitation history, full pregnancy and fertility histories from both men and women, an educational history of dates of degrees and school attendance, contact with the criminal justice system, military service, and various employment events, including the date of first and current jobs, with respective information on occupation, industry, wages, hours, and benefits. Finally, physical measurements and biospecimens were also collected at Wave IV, and included anthropometric measures of weight, height and waist circumference, cardiovascular measures such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse, metabolic measures from dried blood spots assayed for lipids, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), measures of inflammation and immune function, including High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Wave V data collection took place from 2016 to 2018, when the original Wave I respondents were 33 to 43 years old. For the first time, a mixed mode survey design was used. In addition, several experiments were embedded in early phases of the data collection to test response to various treatments. A similar range of data was collected on social, environmental, economic, behavioral, and health circumstances of respondents, with the addition of retrospective child health and socio-economic status questions. Physical measurements and biospecimens were again collected at Wave V, and included most of the same measures as at Wave IV. Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: Wave I: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS2: Wave I: Public Use Contextual Database DS3: Wave I: Network Variables DS4: Wave I: Public Use Grand Sample Weights DS5: Wave II: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS6: Wave II: Public Use Contextual Database DS7: Wave II: Public Use Grand Sample Weights DS8: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS9: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 17: Relationships) DS10: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 18: Pregnancies) DS11: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 19: Relationships in Detail) DS12: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 22: Completed Pregnancies) DS13: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 23: Current Pregnancies) DS14: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 24: Live Births) DS15: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 25: Children and Parenting) DS16: Wave III: Public Use Education Data DS17: Wave III: Public Use Graduation Data DS18: Wave III: Public Use Education Data Weights DS19: Wave III: Add Health School Weights DS20: Wave III: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PVT), Public Use DS21: Wave III: Public In-Home Weights DS22: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample DS23: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 16B: Relationships) DS24: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 16C: Relationships) DS25: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 18: Pregnancy Table) DS26: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 19: Live Births) DS27: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 20A: Children and Parenting) DS28: Wave IV: Biomarkers, Measures of Inflammation and Immune Function DS29: Wave IV: Biomarkers, Measures of Glucose Homeostasis DS30: Wave IV: Biomarkers, Lipids DS31: Wave IV: Public Use Weights DS32: Wave V: Mixed-Mode Survey, Public Use Sample DS33: Wave V: Mixed-Mode Survey, Public Use Sample (Section 16B: Pregnancy, Live Births, Children and Parenting) DS34: Wave V: Biomarkers, Anthropometrics DS35: Wave V: Biomarkers, Cardiovascular Measures DS36: Wave V: Biomarkers, Demographics DS37: Wave V: Biomarkers, Measures of Glucose Homeostasis DS38: Wave V: Biomarkers, Measures of Inflammation and Immune Function DS39: Wave V: Biomarkers, Lipids DS40: Wave V: Biomarkers, Medication Use DS41: Wave V: Biomarkers, Renal Function DS42: Wave V: Public Use Weights Wave I: The Stage 1 in-school sample was a stratified, random sample of all high schools in the United States. A school was eligible for the sample if it included an 11th grade and had a minimum enrollment of 30 students. A feeder school -- a school that sent graduates to the high school and that included a 7th grade -- was also recruited from the community. The in-school questionnaire was administered to more than 90,000 students in grades 7 through 12. The Stage 2 in-home sample of 27,000 adolescents consisted of a core sample from each community, plus selected special over samples. Eligibility for over samples was determined by an adolescent's responses on the in-school questionnaire. Adolescents could qualify for more than one sample. Wave II: The Wave II in-home interview surveyed almost 15,000 of the same students one year after Wave I. Wave III: The in-home Wave III sample consists of over 15,000 Wave I respondents who could be located and re-interviewed six years later. Wave IV: All original Wave I in-home respondents were eligible for in-home interviews at Wave IV. At Wave IV, the Add Health sample was dispersed across the nation with respondents living in all 50 states. Administrators were able to locate 92.5% of the Wave IV sample and interviewed 80.3% of eligible sample members. Wave V: All Wave I respondents who were still living were eligible at Wave V, yielding a pool of 19,828 persons. This pool was split into three stratified random samples for the purposes of survey design testing. For additional information on sampling, including detailed information on special oversamples, please see the Add Health Study Design page. audio computer-assisted self interview (ACASI); computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI); computer-assisted self interview (CASI); face-to-face interview; mixed mode; paper and pencil interview (PAPI); telephone interviewWave V data files were minimally processed by ICPSR. For value labeling, missing value designation, and question text (where applicable), please see the available P.I. Codebook/Questionnaires. The study-level documentation (Data Guide, User Guide) does not include Wave V datasets.Documentation for Waves prior to Wave V may use an older version of the study title.Users should be aware that version history notes dated prior to 2015-11-09 do not apply to the current organization of the datasets.Please note that dates present in the Summary and Time Period fields are taken from the Add Health Study Design page. The Date of Collection field represents the range of interview dates present in the data files for each wave.Wave I and Wave II field work was conducted by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago.Wave III, Wave IV, and Wave V field work was conducted by the Research Triangle Institute.For the most updated list of related publications, please see the Add Health Publications Web site.Additional information on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) series can be found on the Add Health Web site. Add Health was developed in response to a mandate from the U.S. Congress to fund a study of adolescent health. Waves I and II focused on the forces that may influence adolescents' health and risk behaviors, including personal traits, families, friendships, romantic relationships, peer groups, schools, neighborhoods, and communities. As participants aged into adulthood, the scientific goals of the study expanded and evolved. Wave III explored adolescent experiences and behaviors related to decisions, behavior, and health outcomes in the transition to adulthood. Wave IV expanded to examine developmental and health trajectories across the life course of adolescence into young adulthood, using an integrative study design which combined social, behavioral, and biomedical measures data collection. Wave V aimed to track the emergence of chronic disease as the cohort aged into their 30s and early 40s. Add health is a school-based longitudinal study of a nationally-representative sample of adolescents in grates 7-12 in the United States in 1945-45. Over more than 20 years of data collection, data have been collected from adolescents, their fellow students, school administrators, parents, siblings, friends, and romantic partners through multiple data collection components. In addition, existing databases with information about respondents' neighborhoods and communities have been merged with Add Health data, including variables on income poverty, unemployment, availability and utilization of health services, crime, church membership, and social programs and policies. The data files are not weighted. However, the collection features a number of weight variables contained within the following datasets: DS4: Wave I: Public Use Grand Sample Weights DS7: Wave II: Public Use Grand Sample Weights DS18: Wave III: Public Use Education Data Weights DS19: Wave III: Add Health School Weights DS21: Wave III: Public In-Home Weights DS31: Wave IV: Public Use Weights DS42: Wave V: Public Use Weights Please note that these weights files do not apply to the Biomarker data files. For additional information on the application of weights for data analysis, please see the ICPSR User Guide, or the Guidelines for Analyzing Add Health Data. Response Rates: Response rates for each wave were as follows: Wave I: 79 percent Wave II: 88.6 percent Wave III: 77.4 percent Wave IV: 80.3 percent Wave V: 71.8 percent Adolescents in grades 7 through 12 during the 1994-1995 school year. Respondents were geographically located in the United States.

    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    8
    citations8
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Native and nonnative listeners categorized /v/ and /f/ at the end of English nonwords. For each participant, the duration of the previous vowel was kept constant, so that it was not informative and sometimes mismatched other information in the signal. Vowel duration was varied between participants. Previously presented results [M. Broersma, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 3809–3901 (2005)] showed that native English listeners relied strongly on the misleading vowel duration cue. For Dutch listeners, no effect of vowel duration was found. Due to the redundancy of information in the signal, Dutch listeners categorized the contrast more categorically than English listeners. New analyses investigated whether Dutch listeners did not attempt to use vowel duration at all, or whether they learned to ignore the misleading cue more easily than the English listeners did. The results showed that Dutch listeners did use vowel duration initially, but stopped using this cue after very few trials. By the end of the practice part (33 trials) the effect of vowel duration had fully disappeared. The English listeners used vowel duration as a voicing cue throughout the experiment. This suggests that it may be easier to learn to ignore uninformative perceptual cues in a nonnative language than in one’s native language.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Radboud Repo...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    1
    citations1
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Radboud Repo...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.