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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2018 Netherlands English EC | ORACEAF, NSF | Doctoral Dissertation Imp..., NSF | Collaborative Research: I... +23 projectsEC| ORACEAF ,NSF| Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: Can Long Bone Cross-Sectional Properties Reliably Reveal Interpopulation Genetic Distance? ,NSF| Collaborative Research: Integrative analysis of hominid feeding biomechanics ,NSF| Collaborative Research: Integrative analysis of hominid feeding biomechanics ,NSF| Collaborative research: Integrative analysis of hominid feeding biomechanics ,SSHRC ,NSF| EXP: Social Science Education through Virtual Reality Simulation of an Archaeological Research Site ,NSF| Collaborative Research: Integrative Analysis of Hominid Feeding Biomechanics ,NSF| Continued development and application of 40Ar/39Ar dating for archaeometric research ,NSF| Collaborative research: Integrative analysis of hominid feeding biomechanics ,NSF| New Stratigraphic and Archaeological Investigations on the Origin of the Acheulean at Olduvai Gorge ,NSF| Collaborative Research: Integrative Analysis of Hominid Feeding ,EC| HARVEST ,NSF| CAREER: Human adaptations to changing environments: Supporting student education and research in anthropological isotopic methodologies ,NSF| U.S.-Kenya IRES: Origins of Human Adaptability ,NSF| Testing models of ancient forager social and territorial organization with a strontium isoscape ,NSF| Investigating Human Coastal Migration Through Exploration of a Paleolithic Site ,NSF| Collaborative Research - Development and Application of Cryptotephra Studies to Resolve Debates over Chronology in Modern Human Origins Research in South Africa ,NSF| U.S.-Kenya IRES: Origins of Human Adaptability ,NSF| Collaborative Research: Inquiry into the Origins of Modern Human Distributions ,NSF| Collaborative research: Integrative Analysis of Hominid Feeding Biomechanics ,NSF| Long Term Human Response to Sea Level Change ,NSF| Developing and Testing New Geospatial Approaches in Paleoanthropology ,ARC| Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE160100030 ,NSERC ,NSF| REU Site: Investigating the Behaviors of Middle Stone Age Humans in the Horn of AfricaAuthors: MacDonald, K.;MacDonald, K.;handle: 1887/70265
There is no consensus on the chronology of fire use, with suggestions ranging from earliest use by Homo erectus 1.8 mya to relatively recent Anatomically Modern Humans. While it is widely agreed that fire would have been of great assistance in moving into areas with a temperate climate, early sites from middle latitudes across Eurasia lack convincing evidence for fire use before about 400,000 years ago. It is not clear whether this represents a real pattern, or a limitation to past research methods and survival. Establishing a firm chronology for the use of fire requires refined interpretation of fire residues at early sites. An alternative approach, taking the pattern (provisionally) as real, is to investigate how hominins could have solved important survival problems at middle latitudes without using fire. This article addresses strategies for thermoregulation in the absence of fire in conditions experienced by hominins in north-west Europe before 400,000 years ago. Four main hypotheses are proposed, involving strategies based primarily on 1) winter fur and subcutaneous fat, 2) hibernation, 3) enhanced heat production, and 4) a combination of cultural insulation particularly clothing and insulative baby carriers with enhanced heat production. Given the trade-offs of these strategies, I will consider their plausibility for the early occupants of Europe, and discuss how the most plausible strategies could be detected in future research.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=1887/70265&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=1887/70265&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2016 GermanySpringer Science and Business Media LLC NSF | National Socio-Environmen..., EC | SESYP, SSHRC +1 projectsNSF| National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center ,EC| SESYP ,SSHRC ,NSF| IRFP: Agroecology in Practice: Agrarian Reform, Ecological Sustainability and Social Equality in BrazilHannah Wittman; Michael Jahi Chappell; David J. Abson; Rachel Bezner Kerr; Jennifer Blesh; Jan Hanspach; Ivette Perfecto; Joern Fischer;The major challenges of improving food security and biodiversity conservation are intricately linked. To date, the intersection of food security and biodiversity conservation has been viewed primarily through an agricultural “production lens”—for example, via the land sparing/sharing framework, or the concept of sustainable intensification. However, a productionist perspective has been criticized for being too narrow, and failing to consider other relevant factors, including policy, equity, and diversity. We propose an approach that conceptualizes rural landscapes as social–ecological systems embedded within intersecting multi-scalar processes. Based on such a framing, empirical research can be more clearly set in the context of system properties that may influence food security, biodiversity conservation, or both. We illustrate our approach through a description of contrasting agricultural systems within Brazil’s Cerrado region. We emphasize the need for new empirical research involving systematic comparisons of social–ecological system properties in landscapes threatened by food insecurity and ecosystem degradation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10113-016-1045-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1007/s10113-016-1045-9&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu77 citations 77 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1007/s10113-016-1045-9&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2018 Netherlands English EC | ORACEAF, NSF | Doctoral Dissertation Imp..., NSF | Collaborative Research: I... +23 projectsEC| ORACEAF ,NSF| Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: Can Long Bone Cross-Sectional Properties Reliably Reveal Interpopulation Genetic Distance? ,NSF| Collaborative Research: Integrative analysis of hominid feeding biomechanics ,NSF| Collaborative Research: Integrative analysis of hominid feeding biomechanics ,NSF| Collaborative research: Integrative analysis of hominid feeding biomechanics ,SSHRC ,NSF| EXP: Social Science Education through Virtual Reality Simulation of an Archaeological Research Site ,NSF| Collaborative Research: Integrative Analysis of Hominid Feeding Biomechanics ,NSF| Continued development and application of 40Ar/39Ar dating for archaeometric research ,NSF| Collaborative research: Integrative analysis of hominid feeding biomechanics ,NSF| New Stratigraphic and Archaeological Investigations on the Origin of the Acheulean at Olduvai Gorge ,NSF| Collaborative Research: Integrative Analysis of Hominid Feeding ,EC| HARVEST ,NSF| CAREER: Human adaptations to changing environments: Supporting student education and research in anthropological isotopic methodologies ,NSF| U.S.-Kenya IRES: Origins of Human Adaptability ,NSF| Testing models of ancient forager social and territorial organization with a strontium isoscape ,NSF| Investigating Human Coastal Migration Through Exploration of a Paleolithic Site ,NSF| Collaborative Research - Development and Application of Cryptotephra Studies to Resolve Debates over Chronology in Modern Human Origins Research in South Africa ,NSF| U.S.-Kenya IRES: Origins of Human Adaptability ,NSF| Collaborative Research: Inquiry into the Origins of Modern Human Distributions ,NSF| Collaborative research: Integrative Analysis of Hominid Feeding Biomechanics ,NSF| Long Term Human Response to Sea Level Change ,NSF| Developing and Testing New Geospatial Approaches in Paleoanthropology ,ARC| Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE160100030 ,NSERC ,NSF| REU Site: Investigating the Behaviors of Middle Stone Age Humans in the Horn of AfricaAuthors: MacDonald, K.;MacDonald, K.;handle: 1887/70265
There is no consensus on the chronology of fire use, with suggestions ranging from earliest use by Homo erectus 1.8 mya to relatively recent Anatomically Modern Humans. While it is widely agreed that fire would have been of great assistance in moving into areas with a temperate climate, early sites from middle latitudes across Eurasia lack convincing evidence for fire use before about 400,000 years ago. It is not clear whether this represents a real pattern, or a limitation to past research methods and survival. Establishing a firm chronology for the use of fire requires refined interpretation of fire residues at early sites. An alternative approach, taking the pattern (provisionally) as real, is to investigate how hominins could have solved important survival problems at middle latitudes without using fire. This article addresses strategies for thermoregulation in the absence of fire in conditions experienced by hominins in north-west Europe before 400,000 years ago. Four main hypotheses are proposed, involving strategies based primarily on 1) winter fur and subcutaneous fat, 2) hibernation, 3) enhanced heat production, and 4) a combination of cultural insulation particularly clothing and insulative baby carriers with enhanced heat production. Given the trade-offs of these strategies, I will consider their plausibility for the early occupants of Europe, and discuss how the most plausible strategies could be detected in future research.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=1887/70265&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=1887/70265&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2016 GermanySpringer Science and Business Media LLC NSF | National Socio-Environmen..., EC | SESYP, SSHRC +1 projectsNSF| National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center ,EC| SESYP ,SSHRC ,NSF| IRFP: Agroecology in Practice: Agrarian Reform, Ecological Sustainability and Social Equality in BrazilHannah Wittman; Michael Jahi Chappell; David J. Abson; Rachel Bezner Kerr; Jennifer Blesh; Jan Hanspach; Ivette Perfecto; Joern Fischer;The major challenges of improving food security and biodiversity conservation are intricately linked. To date, the intersection of food security and biodiversity conservation has been viewed primarily through an agricultural “production lens”—for example, via the land sparing/sharing framework, or the concept of sustainable intensification. However, a productionist perspective has been criticized for being too narrow, and failing to consider other relevant factors, including policy, equity, and diversity. We propose an approach that conceptualizes rural landscapes as social–ecological systems embedded within intersecting multi-scalar processes. Based on such a framing, empirical research can be more clearly set in the context of system properties that may influence food security, biodiversity conservation, or both. We illustrate our approach through a description of contrasting agricultural systems within Brazil’s Cerrado region. We emphasize the need for new empirical research involving systematic comparisons of social–ecological system properties in landscapes threatened by food insecurity and ecosystem degradation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10113-016-1045-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1007/s10113-016-1045-9&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu77 citations 77 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1007/s10113-016-1045-9&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu