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  • Authors: Graham, Eileen K.; Weston, Sara J.; Gerstorf, Denis; Yoneda, Tomiko B.; +25 Authors

    This study assessed change in self–reported Big Five personality traits. We conducted a coordinated integrative data analysis using data from 16 longitudinal samples, comprising a total sample of over 60 000 participants. We coordinated models across multiple datasets and fit identical multi–level growth models to assess and compare the extent of trait change over time. Quadratic change was assessed in a subset of samples with four or more measurement occasions. Across studies, the linear trajectory models revealed declines in conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness. Non–linear models suggested late–life increases in neuroticism. Meta–analytic summaries indicated that the fixed effects of personality change are somewhat heterogeneous and that the variability in trait change is partially explained by sample age, country of origin, and personality measurement method. We also found mixed evidence for predictors of change, specifically for sex and baseline age. This study demonstrates the importance of coordinated conceptual replications for accelerating the accumulation of robust and reliable findings in the lifespan developmental psychological sciences. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

    https://doi.org/10.2...arrow_drop_down
    https://doi.org/10.25384/sage....
    Collection . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://doi.org/10.25384/sage....
    Collection . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://doi.org/10.2...arrow_drop_down
      https://doi.org/10.25384/sage....
      Collection . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://doi.org/10.25384/sage....
      Collection . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • These data are being released in BETA version to facilitate early access to the study for research purposes. This collection has not been fully processed by NACDA or ICPSR at this time; the original materials provided by the principal investigator were minimally processed and converted to other file types for ease of use. As the study is further processed and given enhanced features by ICPSR, users will be able to access the updated versions of the study. Please report any data errors or problems to user support and we will work with you to resolve any data related issues.The Biomarker study is Project 4 of the MIDUS longitudinal study, a national survey of more than 7,000 Americans (aged 25 to 74) begun in 1994. The purpose of the larger study was to investigate the role of behavioral, psychological, and social factors in understanding age-related differences in physical and mental health. With support from the National Institute on Aging, a longitudinal follow-up of the original MIDUS samples [core sample (N = 3,487), metropolitan over-samples (N = 757), twins (N = 957 pairs), and siblings (N = 950)] was conducted in 2004-2006. Guiding hypotheses, at the most general level, were that behavioral and psychosocial factors are consequential for health (physical and mental). A description of the study and findings from it are available on the MIDUS Web site. The Biomarker Project (Project 4) of MIDUS II contains data from 1,255 respondents. These respondents include two distinct subsamples, all of whom completed the Project 1 Survey: (1) longitudinal survey sample (n = 1,054) and (2) Milwaukee sample (n = 201). The Milwaukee group contained individuals who participated in the baseline MIDUS Milwaukee study, initiated in 2005. The purpose of the Biomarker Project (Project 4) was to add comprehensive biological assessments on a subsample of MIDUS respondents, thus facilitating analyses that integrate behavioral and psychosocial factors with biology. The broad aim is to identify biopsychosocial pathways that contribute to diverse health outcomes. A further theme is to investigate protective roles that behavioral and psychosocial factors have in delaying morbidity and mortality, or in fostering resilience and recovery from health challenges once they occur. The research was not disease-specific, given that psychosocial factors have relevance across multiple health endpoints. Biomarker data collection was carried out at three General Clinical Research Centers (at UCLA, University of Wisconsin, and Georgetown University). The biomarkers reflect functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the autonomic nervous system, the immune system, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, antioxidants, and metabolic processes. Our specimens (fasting blood draw, 12-hour urine, saliva) allow for assessment of multiple indicators within these major systems. The protocol also included assessments by clinicians or trained staff, including vital signs, morphology, functional capacities, bone densitometry, medication usage, and a physical exam. Project staff obtained indicators of heart-rate variability, beat to beat blood pressure, respiration, and salivary cortisol assessments during an experimental protocol that included both a cognitive and orthostatic challenge. Finally, to augment the self-reported data collected in Project 1, participants completed a medical history, self-administered questionnaire, and self-reported sleep assessments. For respondents at one site (UW-Madison), objective sleep assessments were also obtained with an Actiwatch(R) activity monitor. The MIDUS and MIDJA Biomarker Clinic Visits include collection of comprehensive information about medications of all types, as well as basic information about allergic reactions to any type of medication. Respondents were instructed to bring all their medications, or information about their medications, to the clinic visit to ensure the information about those medications was recorded accurately. Information regarding Prescription Medications (FDA approved medications prescribed by someone authorized/licensed under the Western medical tradition, or medications prescribed by individuals authorized under Japanese law to prescribe Western and/or Eastern/Chinese traditional medicine), Quasi Medications (including Over the Counter Medications i.e. vitamins, minerals, non-prescription pain relief, antacids, etc. that can be purchased without a prescription) and Alternative Medications (i.e. herbs, herbal blends (excluding herbal teas), homeopathic remedies, and other alternative remedies that may be purchased over the counter or "prescribed" by a health care practitioner trained in a non-western tradition)was collected at this time.The following information was collected for each medication type Medication name, dosage, and route of administration; How often the medication is taken(frequency); How long the participant has been taking a given medication; Why they think they are taking the medication; After basic cleaning protocols were completed, standardized protocols were applied to both MIDUS and MIDJA medication data to link medications first to Generic Names and associated DrugIDs and then to therapeutic and pharmacologic class information from the Lexicomp Lexi-Data database, and also to code text data describing why participants think they are taking a given medication. The scope of this collected medication data lends itself to within person analysis of medication use, thus the medication data are also released in a standalone stacked format. The stacked file only contains data about medications used where each case represents an individual medication, thus it does not include any data about medication allergies. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created variable labels and/or value labels.; Created online analysis version with question text.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. All respondents participating in MIDUS II (ICPSR 4652) or the Milwaukee study (ICPSR 22840) who completed Project 1 were eligible to participate in the Biomarker assessments. Presence of Common Scales: Data users interested in the scales used for this study should refer to the scaling documentation provided on both the ICPSR and NACDA Web site. Adult non-institutionalized population of the United States. Smallest Geographic Unit: No geographic information is included other than for the Milwaukee cases. Response Rates: The response rate was 39.3 percent for each of the 2 samples (longitudinal survey sample, and Milwaukee). Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: Aggregated Data DS2: Stacked Medication Data Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Series face-to-face interview on-site questionnaire mixed mode

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    Authors: Aysu Okbay; Yeda Wu; Nancy Wang; Hariharan Jayashankar; +208 Authors

    We conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment (EA) in a sample of similar to 3 million individuals and identify 3,952 approximately uncorrelated genome-wide-significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A genome-wide polygenic predictor, or polygenic index (PGI), explains 12-16% of EA variance and contributes to risk prediction for ten diseases. Direct effects (i.e., controlling for parental PGIs) explain roughly half the PGI's magnitude of association with EA and other phenotypes. The correlation between mate-pair PGIs is far too large to be consistent with phenotypic assortment alone, implying additional assortment on PGI-associated factors. In an additional GWAS of dominance deviations from the additive model, we identify no genome-wide-significant SNPs, and a separate X-chromosome additive GWAS identifies 57. Karl-Oskar Lindgren ingår i gruppen Social Science Genetic Association Consortium

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      OPUS Augsburg
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    Authors: Martin, M;

    Background: Implementation fidelity is a critical component of intervention science research, which aims to understand how interventions unfold in practice to improve their outcomes. A key element of fidelity is facilitator competent adherence - the extent to which a programme is delivered as prescribed with the specified level of quality. The dissertation endeavoured to better understand how to measure facilitator competent adherence and the role facilitator competent adherence plays in achieving intended parent/caregiver (parent) and child outcomes in the parenting programme literature and, specifically, within Parenting for Lifelong Health for Parents and Adolescents (PLH-Teens). PLH-Teens is a parenting programme designed to reduce violence against children and child behavioural and emotional problems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The dissertation is composed of three studies – one which synthesised data from the parenting programme literature and two which analysed data from the 2020-2021 scale-up of PLH-Teens in Tanzania to 75,061 participants by community facilitators (school teachers and community health workers; N=444). Objectives: The dissertation had three objectives with each corresponding to an individual paper. The first objective was to synthesise the evidence on the relationship between observational measures of facilitator competent adherence and parent and child outcomes in the parenting programme literature. The second objective was to examine whether the observational measure of facilitator competent adherence used in the large-scale implementation of PLH-Teens in Tanzania is reliable and valid for use in research and practice and to determine the level of competent adherence with which community facilitators delivered PLH-Teens in Tanzania. The third objective was to determine the predictive validity of the observational measure of competent adherence used in PLH-Teens by examining whether competence adherence is associated with parent and adolescent outcomes. Methods: Paper 1 synthesised the results of a systematic review of studies on parenting programmes aiming to reduce violence against children and child behavioural and emotional problems to examine the associations between observational measures of facilitator competent adherence and parent and child outcomes. Due to study heterogeneity and poor reporting, Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) guidelines were followed. Paper 2 used 95 facilitator assessments collected by implementing partners during the 2020-2021 delivery of PLH-Teens in Tanzania. The paper evaluated the reliability and validity of the measure used to assess facilitator competent adherence in PLH-Teens - the Facilitator Assessment Tool (PLH-FAT-T). Reliability was assessed by conducting intra-rater reliability, inter-rater reliability, and internal consistency analyses using percentage agreements, intra-class correlations, Cronbach’s alphas, and omegas. Validity was assessed via consultations with stakeholders (content validity) and exploratory factor analyses (construct validity). This paper also estimated the level of competent adherence with which community facilitators delivered PLH-Teens by calculating the average PLH-FAT-T score achieved by facilitators. Paper 3 investigated the relationship between facilitator competent adherence and the pre-post outcomes of PLH-Teens participants. Analyses used 24 PLH-FAT-T assessments that could be linked to the pre-post surveys of 3,057 families. This analysis was conducted using multi-level Poisson regressions with fixed and random effects. Results: Paper 1 found 18 studies reporting on the relationship between observational measures of facilitator competent adherence and parent and child outcomes. The review found that most studies (n=13) reported a statistically significant positive relationship with at least one of the parent or child outcomes reported. However, eight studies reported inconsistent findings across outcomes. Four studies found no significant association with outcomes. Paper 2 found that the PLH-FAT-T showed strong content validity, poor to moderate intra- and inter-rater reliability, strong internal consistency, and moderate construct validity. Iterative exploratory factor analyses produced a shortened PLH-FAT-T, the PLH-FAT-T Short Form, comprised of 19 fewer items which had stronger psychometric properties. Analyses of the PLH-FAT-T Short Form found that community facilitators delivered PLH-Teens at scale in Tanzania to a high-level of competent adherence (82.3% average). Using the PLH-FAT-T Short Form, Paper 3 found that the relationship between facilitator competent adherence and outcomes was mixed with some positive, some insignificant, and some negative associations. A positive association was found between competent adherence and the primary outcome of interest, child maltreatment, as reported by adolescents. The analysis found that increased competent adherence had a positive association with two of the 12 parent-reported outcomes and seven of the 10 adolescent-reported outcomes (including child maltreatment). Yet, increased competent adherence also had a negative association with five parent-reported outcomes, as well as insignificant associations with five parent-reported outcomes and three adolescent-reported outcomes. Discussion: Paper 1 suggests that better facilitator competent adherence is generally associated with positive parent and child outcomes. However, this finding is weakened by the methodological heterogeneity of included studies and due to the wide variety of ways in which studies conceptualised competent adherence-outcome relationships. As a result, the paper reveals that there is substantial methodological work to be done in the broader parenting programme community to improve the rigour of and reporting on investigations regarding this relationship. As the amount of literature on the measurement and role of facilitator competent adherence grows in the behavioural intervention literature, the recommendations made in Paper 1 have relevance for other implementation scientists conducting and sharing studies on competent adherence. Paper 2 reports on the first psychometric evaluation of the PLH-FAT-T and is the first study of its kind to report on the fidelity achieved by facilitators during routine parenting programme delivery at scale in a low-income country. Findings suggest that the PLH-FAT-T had poor to moderate reliability and sufficient validity and that the PLH-FAT-T Short Form had stronger psychometric properties. Although the tool was stronger following iterative exploratory factor analyses, the findings indicate that further work is needed to strengthen the reliability and validity of the PLH-FAT-T Short Form. Findings also suggest that community facilitators with minimal background in and training on parenting programmes delivered PLH-Teens to a high level of quality at scale in a low-income community setting despite significant barriers. Thus, the findings of Paper 2 suggest that it may be possible for community facilitators to deliver behavioural interventions to a high level of competent adherence in low-income routine delivery settings at scale. The findings of Paper 3 are similar to the findings of Paper 1 in that Paper 3 does not provide a clear answer as to whether, and to what extent, facilitator competent adherence impacts participant outcomes. Potential explanations of the findings include the PLH-FAT-T Short Form has poor predictive validity; the PLH-FAT-T Short Form assessments were not reliable; a variety of methodological challenges may have prevented an examination of the true relationship between competent adherence and outcomes; competent adherence does not relate to outcomes in the manner theorised; competent adherence plays a less important role in the achievement of outcomes than anticipated or, at some point, plays a negative role; and only certain programme components are achieving outcomes so the PLH-FAT-T Short Form is not capturing the important aspects of programme delivery. The alignment of the findings of Papers 1 and 3 with some other systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the broader implementation science literature suggests that the role facilitator competent adherence plays in participant outcomes is not fully understood. Thus, there is reason to further investigate the theorised relationship between facilitator competent adherence and outcomes outlined in seminal implementation science theories and models to fully illuminate the inner workings of the ‘black box’ of interventions. A fuller understanding of the role that facilitator competent adherence plays in participant outcomes is essential to maximise the benefits to be reaped from evidence-based behavioural interventions. Conclusion: The dissertation provides important evidence regarding the measurement and role of facilitator competent adherence in the parenting programme literature and in Parenting for Lifelong Health. As a result, the dissertation provides a series of recommendations for the future of competent adherence monitoring in research and practice that are relevant to both the parenting programme literature and the broader implementation science literature. As parenting programmes continue to be delivered and scaled worldwide, it is intended that the findings and recommendations herein will be used to benefit both Parenting for Lifelong Health and the broader parenting programme community in the quest to maximise opportunity for vulnerable children and families globally to benefit from evidence-based parenting programmes.

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    Authors: Amy L. Paine; Salim Hashmi; Nina Howe; Nisha Johnson; +2 Authors

    Humor is a central feature of close and intimate relationships in childhood. However, fundamental questions regarding the relationship between humor production, pretend play, and social understanding have been overlooked. In a selected subsample from a prospective longitudinal study of first-born children (N = 110, M age = 6.91 years, 46.4% female, 98.1% parents identified as English, Welsh, Scottish, or Irish), we conducted detailed observational coding of children’s humor production during dress-up play with younger siblings. Focal children also completed a battery of social understanding tasks that measured emotion understanding and second-order belief understanding. Focal children were also observed during solo free play with Playmobil, and their spontaneous references to others’ cognitions and play with objects were coded. Correlation analyses indicated that children’s word play with their sibling was associated with their tendency to engage in pretense during solo play. Regression analyses showed that humorous sound play with siblings was associated with their emotion understanding and playful teasing with siblings was associated with their spontaneous references to others’ cognitive states during solo free play. Our findings contribute to knowledge and theory regarding domains of development associated with humor production in childhood.\ud \ud KEYWORDS:

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    Developmental Psychology
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    Authors: Aline Jelenkovic; Yoshie Yokoyama; Reijo Sund; Yoon-Mi Hur; +65 Authors

    This work was supported by the Academy of Finland (grant number #266592). The Australian Twin Registry is supported by a Centre of Research Excellence (grant ID 1079102) from the National Health and Medical Research Council administered by the University of Melbourne. The Boston University Twin Project is funded by grants (#R01 HD068435 #R01 MH062375) from the National Institutes of Health to K. Saudino. The Carolina African American Twin Study of Aging (CAATSA) was funded by a grant from the National Institute on Aging (grant 1RO1-AG13662-01A2) to K. E. Whitfield. The CATSS-Study is supported by the Swedish Research Council through the Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social And Medical Sciences (SIMSAM) framework grant no 340-2013-5867, grants provided by the Stockholm County Council (ALF-projects), the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation and the Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association's Research Foundation. Colorado Twin Registry is funded by NIDA funded center grant DA011015, & Longitudinal Twin Study HD10333; Author Huibregtse is supported by 5T32DA017637 and 5T32AG052371. Since its origin the East Flanders Prospective Survey has been partly supported by grants from the Fund of Scientific Research, Flanders and Twins, a non-profit Association for Scientific Research in Multiple Births (Belgium). Data collection and analyses in Finnish twin cohorts have been supported by ENGAGE - European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology, FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007, grant agreement number 201413, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (grants AA-12502, AA-00145, and AA-09203 to R J Rose, the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics (grant numbers: 213506, 129680), Centre of Excellence in Research on Mitochondria, Metabolism and Disease (FinMIT, grant 272376), the Academy of Finland (grants 100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278 and 264146 to J Kaprio and grant 266286 and 314383 to K Pietilainen), the Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki. K Silventoinen is supported by Osaka University's International Joint Research Promotion Program. Gemini was supported by a grant from Cancer Research UK (C1418/A7974). Anthropometric measurements of the Hungarian twins were supported by Medexpert Ltd., Budapest, Hungary. Korean Twin-Family Register was supported by the Global Research Network Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF 2011-220-E00006). Longitudinal Israeli Study of Twins was funded by the Starting Grant no. 240994 from the European Research Council (ERC) to Ariel Knafo. The Michigan State University Twin Registry has been supported by Michigan State University, as well as grants R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, R03-MH63851-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), R01-HD066040 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), and 11-SPG-2518 from the MSU Foundation. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIMH, the NICHD, or the National Institutes of Health. PETS was supported by grants from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (grant numbers 437015 and 607358 to JC, and RS), the Bonnie Babes Foundation (grant number BBF20704 to JMC), the Financial Markets Foundation for Children (grant no. r 032-2007 to JMC), and by the Victorian Governments Operational Infrastructure Support Program. The Quebec Newborn Twin Study acknowledges financial support from the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Societe et la Culture, the Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec, the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the National Health Research Development Program, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Sainte-Justine Hospital's Research Center, and the Canada Research Chair Program (Michel Boivin). The Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) is supported by a program grant (MR/M021475/1) from the UK Medical Research Council and the work on obesity in TEDS is supported in part by a grant from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (31/D19086). The West Japan Twins and Higher Order Multiple Births Registry was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (grant number 15H05105) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Netherlands Twin Register acknowledges the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and MagW/ZonMW grants 904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193, 480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192; VU University's Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO +); the European Research Council (ERC - 230374), the Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA). Background: There is evidence that birth size is positively associated with height in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. Aim: To analyze the associations of birth weight, length and ponderal index with height from infancy through adulthood within mono- and dizygotic twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. Methods: This study is based on the data from 28 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 41,852 complete twin pairs (55% monozygotic and 45% same-sex dizygotic) with information on birth weight and a total of 112,409 paired height measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 69 years. Birth length was available for 19,881 complete twin pairs, with a total of 72,692 paired height measurements. The association between birth size and later height was analyzed at both the individual and within-pair level by linear regression analyses. Results: Within twin pairs, regression coefficients showed that a 1-kg increase in birth weight and a 1-cm increase in birth length were associated with 1.14-4.25 cm and 0.18-0.90 cm taller height, respectively. The magnitude of the associations was generally greater within dizygotic than within monozygotic twin pairs, and this difference between zygosities was more pronounced for birth length. Conclusion: Both genetic and individual-specific environmental factors play a role in the association between birth size and later height from infancy to adulthood, with a larger role for genetics in the association with birth length than with birth weight.

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      Article . 2018
      Data sources: Lirias
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      Europe PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2018
      Data sources: PubMed Central
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Authors: Van Bavel, Jay J.; Cichocka, Aleksandra; Capraro, Valerio; Sjåstad, Hallgeir; +1 Authors

    Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors that associated with people reported adopting public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.

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    Authors: Alejandro Pérez; Philip J. Monahan; Matthew A. Lambon Ralph;

    Hyperscanning is an emerging technique that allows for the study of brain similarities between interacting individuals. This methodology has powerful implications for understanding the neural basis of joint actions, such as conversation; however, it also demands precise time-locking between the different brain recordings and sensory stimulation. Such precise timing, nevertheless, is often difficult to achieve. Recording auditory stimuli jointly with the ongoing high temporal resolution neurophysiological signal presents an effective way to control timing asynchronies offline between the digital trigger sent by the stimulation program and the actual onset of the auditory stimulus delivered to participants via speakers/headphones. This configuration is particularly challenging in hyperscanning setups due to the general increased complexity of the methodology. In other designs using the related technique of pseudo-hyperscanning, combined brain-auditory recordings are also a highly desirable feature, since reliable offline synchronization can be performed by using the shared audio signal. Here, we describe two hardware configurations wherein the real-time delivered auditory stimulus is recorded jointly with ongoing electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. Specifically, we describe and provide customized implementations for joint EEG-audio recording in hyperscanning and pseudo-hyperscanning paradigms using hardware and software from Brain Products GmbH.•Joint EEG-audio recording configuration for hyperscanning and pseudo-hyperscanning paradigms.•Near zero-latency playback of auditory signal captured by a microphone.•Precise alignment between EEG and auditory stimulation. Graphical abstract Image, graphical abstract

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Article . 2021
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    Apollo
    Article . 2021
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    Article . 2021
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    https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.i...
    Preprint . 2021
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    Other literature type . Article . 2021
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    Apollo
    Other literature type . 2021
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    Article . 2021
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      Article . 2021
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      Apollo
      Article . 2021
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      Article . 2021
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      https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.i...
      Preprint . 2021
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      Other literature type . Article . 2021
      License: Elsevier TDM
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      Apollo
      Other literature type . 2021
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      https://www.repository.cam.ac....
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      Article . 2021
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    Authors: Cara Booker; Anne McMunn; Amanda Sacker;

    This study addresses the question of de-standardized life courses from a gender perspective. Multi-channel sequence analysis is used to characterise the domains of work, partnership and parenthood in combination across the adult life courses of three birth cohorts of British men and women between the ages of 16 and 42. Three research questions are addressed. First, we examine whether there is evidence of increasing between-person de-standardization (diversity) and within-person differentiation (complexity) in work and family life courses across cohorts during the main childrearing years. Second, we investigate whether men's and women's work–family life courses are converging over time. Finally, we assess the link between educational attainment and work–family life courses across cohorts. Data are from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development 1946 birth cohort (n = 3012), the National Child Development Study 1958 birth cohort (n = 9616), and the British Cohort Study 1970 birth cohort (n = 8158). We apply multi-channel sequence analysis to group individuals into twelve conceptually-based work–family life course types. We find evidence of growing between-person diversity, across cohorts, for both women and men. In addition, partnership trajectories are growing more complex for both genders, while parental biographies and women's work histories are becoming less so. Women's and men's work–family life courses are becoming increasingly similar as more women engage in continuous full-time employment; however, life courses involving part-time employment or a career break remain common for women in the most recent cohort. Continuous, full-time employment combined with minimal family ties up to age 42 emerged as the most common pattern for women and the second most common for men in the 1970 cohort.

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    OpenAPC Global Initiative
    Article . Conference object . 2015
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    Authors: Massimiliano Orri; Abigail Emma Russell; Becky Mars; Gustavo Turecki; +7 Authors

    AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to identify groups of children presenting distinct perinatal adversity profiles and test the association between profiles and later risk of suicide attempt.MethodsData were from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD, N = 1623), and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, N = 5734). Exposures to 32 perinatal adversities (e.g. fetal, obstetric, psychosocial, and parental psychopathology) were modeled using latent class analysis, and associations with a self-reported suicide attempt by age 20 were investigated with logistic regression. We investigated to what extent childhood emotional and behavioral problems, victimization, and cognition explained the associations.ResultsIn both cohorts, we identified five profiles: No perinatal risk, Poor fetal growth, Socioeconomic adversity, Delivery complications, Parental mental health problems (ALSPAC only). Compared to children with No perinatal risk, children in the Poor fetal growth (pooled estimate QLSCD-ALSPAC, OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.04–3.44), Socioeconomic adversity (pooled-OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08–1.85), and Parental mental health problems (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.27–2.40), but not Delivery complications, profiles were more likely to attempt suicide. The proportion of this effect mediated by the putative mediators was larger for the Socioeconomic adversity profile compared to the others.ConclusionsPerinatal adversities associated with suicide attempt cluster in distinct profiles. Suicide prevention may begin early in life and requires a multidisciplinary approach targeting a constellation of factors from different domains (psychiatric, obstetric, socioeconomic), rather than a single factor, to effectively reduce suicide vulnerability. The way these factors cluster together also determined the pathways leading to a suicide attempt, which can guide decision-making on personalized suicide prevention strategies.

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    Oskar Bordeaux
    Article . 2020
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      Oskar Bordeaux
      Article . 2020
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  • Authors: Graham, Eileen K.; Weston, Sara J.; Gerstorf, Denis; Yoneda, Tomiko B.; +25 Authors

    This study assessed change in self–reported Big Five personality traits. We conducted a coordinated integrative data analysis using data from 16 longitudinal samples, comprising a total sample of over 60 000 participants. We coordinated models across multiple datasets and fit identical multi–level growth models to assess and compare the extent of trait change over time. Quadratic change was assessed in a subset of samples with four or more measurement occasions. Across studies, the linear trajectory models revealed declines in conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness. Non–linear models suggested late–life increases in neuroticism. Meta–analytic summaries indicated that the fixed effects of personality change are somewhat heterogeneous and that the variability in trait change is partially explained by sample age, country of origin, and personality measurement method. We also found mixed evidence for predictors of change, specifically for sex and baseline age. This study demonstrates the importance of coordinated conceptual replications for accelerating the accumulation of robust and reliable findings in the lifespan developmental psychological sciences. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

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    https://doi.org/10.25384/sage....
    Collection . 2020
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    https://doi.org/10.25384/sage....
    Collection . 2020
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      https://doi.org/10.25384/sage....
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  • These data are being released in BETA version to facilitate early access to the study for research purposes. This collection has not been fully processed by NACDA or ICPSR at this time; the original materials provided by the principal investigator were minimally processed and converted to other file types for ease of use. As the study is further processed and given enhanced features by ICPSR, users will be able to access the updated versions of the study. Please report any data errors or problems to user support and we will work with you to resolve any data related issues.The Biomarker study is Project 4 of the MIDUS longitudinal study, a national survey of more than 7,000 Americans (aged 25 to 74) begun in 1994. The purpose of the larger study was to investigate the role of behavioral, psychological, and social factors in understanding age-related differences in physical and mental health. With support from the National Institute on Aging, a longitudinal follow-up of the original MIDUS samples [core sample (N = 3,487), metropolitan over-samples (N = 757), twins (N = 957 pairs), and siblings (N = 950)] was conducted in 2004-2006. Guiding hypotheses, at the most general level, were that behavioral and psychosocial factors are consequential for health (physical and mental). A description of the study and findings from it are available on the MIDUS Web site. The Biomarker Project (Project 4) of MIDUS II contains data from 1,255 respondents. These respondents include two distinct subsamples, all of whom completed the Project 1 Survey: (1) longitudinal survey sample (n = 1,054) and (2) Milwaukee sample (n = 201). The Milwaukee group contained individuals who participated in the baseline MIDUS Milwaukee study, initiated in 2005. The purpose of the Biomarker Project (Project 4) was to add comprehensive biological assessments on a subsample of MIDUS respondents, thus facilitating analyses that integrate behavioral and psychosocial factors with biology. The broad aim is to identify biopsychosocial pathways that contribute to diverse health outcomes. A further theme is to investigate protective roles that behavioral and psychosocial factors have in delaying morbidity and mortality, or in fostering resilience and recovery from health challenges once they occur. The research was not disease-specific, given that psychosocial factors have relevance across multiple health endpoints. Biomarker data collection was carried out at three General Clinical Research Centers (at UCLA, University of Wisconsin, and Georgetown University). The biomarkers reflect functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the autonomic nervous system, the immune system, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, antioxidants, and metabolic processes. Our specimens (fasting blood draw, 12-hour urine, saliva) allow for assessment of multiple indicators within these major systems. The protocol also included assessments by clinicians or trained staff, including vital signs, morphology, functional capacities, bone densitometry, medication usage, and a physical exam. Project staff obtained indicators of heart-rate variability, beat to beat blood pressure, respiration, and salivary cortisol assessments during an experimental protocol that included both a cognitive and orthostatic challenge. Finally, to augment the self-reported data collected in Project 1, participants completed a medical history, self-administered questionnaire, and self-reported sleep assessments. For respondents at one site (UW-Madison), objective sleep assessments were also obtained with an Actiwatch(R) activity monitor. The MIDUS and MIDJA Biomarker Clinic Visits include collection of comprehensive information about medications of all types, as well as basic information about allergic reactions to any type of medication. Respondents were instructed to bring all their medications, or information about their medications, to the clinic visit to ensure the information about those medications was recorded accurately. Information regarding Prescription Medications (FDA approved medications prescribed by someone authorized/licensed under the Western medical tradition, or medications prescribed by individuals authorized under Japanese law to prescribe Western and/or Eastern/Chinese traditional medicine), Quasi Medications (including Over the Counter Medications i.e. vitamins, minerals, non-prescription pain relief, antacids, etc. that can be purchased without a prescription) and Alternative Medications (i.e. herbs, herbal blends (excluding herbal teas), homeopathic remedies, and other alternative remedies that may be purchased over the counter or "prescribed" by a health care practitioner trained in a non-western tradition)was collected at this time.The following information was collected for each medication type Medication name, dosage, and route of administration; How often the medication is taken(frequency); How long the participant has been taking a given medication; Why they think they are taking the medication; After basic cleaning protocols were completed, standardized protocols were applied to both MIDUS and MIDJA medication data to link medications first to Generic Names and associated DrugIDs and then to therapeutic and pharmacologic class information from the Lexicomp Lexi-Data database, and also to code text data describing why participants think they are taking a given medication. The scope of this collected medication data lends itself to within person analysis of medication use, thus the medication data are also released in a standalone stacked format. The stacked file only contains data about medications used where each case represents an individual medication, thus it does not include any data about medication allergies. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created variable labels and/or value labels.; Created online analysis version with question text.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. All respondents participating in MIDUS II (ICPSR 4652) or the Milwaukee study (ICPSR 22840) who completed Project 1 were eligible to participate in the Biomarker assessments. Presence of Common Scales: Data users interested in the scales used for this study should refer to the scaling documentation provided on both the ICPSR and NACDA Web site. Adult non-institutionalized population of the United States. Smallest Geographic Unit: No geographic information is included other than for the Milwaukee cases. Response Rates: The response rate was 39.3 percent for each of the 2 samples (longitudinal survey sample, and Milwaukee). Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: Aggregated Data DS2: Stacked Medication Data Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Series face-to-face interview on-site questionnaire mixed mode

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    Authors: Aysu Okbay; Yeda Wu; Nancy Wang; Hariharan Jayashankar; +208 Authors

    We conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment (EA) in a sample of similar to 3 million individuals and identify 3,952 approximately uncorrelated genome-wide-significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A genome-wide polygenic predictor, or polygenic index (PGI), explains 12-16% of EA variance and contributes to risk prediction for ten diseases. Direct effects (i.e., controlling for parental PGIs) explain roughly half the PGI's magnitude of association with EA and other phenotypes. The correlation between mate-pair PGIs is far too large to be consistent with phenotypic assortment alone, implying additional assortment on PGI-associated factors. In an additional GWAS of dominance deviations from the additive model, we identify no genome-wide-significant SNPs, and a separate X-chromosome additive GWAS identifies 57. Karl-Oskar Lindgren ingår i gruppen Social Science Genetic Association Consortium

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    Authors: Martin, M;

    Background: Implementation fidelity is a critical component of intervention science research, which aims to understand how interventions unfold in practice to improve their outcomes. A key element of fidelity is facilitator competent adherence - the extent to which a programme is delivered as prescribed with the specified level of quality. The dissertation endeavoured to better understand how to measure facilitator competent adherence and the role facilitator competent adherence plays in achieving intended parent/caregiver (parent) and child outcomes in the parenting programme literature and, specifically, within Parenting for Lifelong Health for Parents and Adolescents (PLH-Teens). PLH-Teens is a parenting programme designed to reduce violence against children and child behavioural and emotional problems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The dissertation is composed of three studies – one which synthesised data from the parenting programme literature and two which analysed data from the 2020-2021 scale-up of PLH-Teens in Tanzania to 75,061 participants by community facilitators (school teachers and community health workers; N=444). Objectives: The dissertation had three objectives with each corresponding to an individual paper. The first objective was to synthesise the evidence on the relationship between observational measures of facilitator competent adherence and parent and child outcomes in the parenting programme literature. The second objective was to examine whether the observational measure of facilitator competent adherence used in the large-scale implementation of PLH-Teens in Tanzania is reliable and valid for use in research and practice and to determine the level of competent adherence with which community facilitators delivered PLH-Teens in Tanzania. The third objective was to determine the predictive validity of the observational measure of competent adherence used in PLH-Teens by examining whether competence adherence is associated with parent and adolescent outcomes. Methods: Paper 1 synthesised the results of a systematic review of studies on parenting programmes aiming to reduce violence against children and child behavioural and emotional problems to examine the associations between observational measures of facilitator competent adherence and parent and child outcomes. Due to study heterogeneity and poor reporting, Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) guidelines were followed. Paper 2 used 95 facilitator assessments collected by implementing partners during the 2020-2021 delivery of PLH-Teens in Tanzania. The paper evaluated the reliability and validity of the measure used to assess facilitator competent adherence in PLH-Teens - the Facilitator Assessment Tool (PLH-FAT-T). Reliability was assessed by conducting intra-rater reliability, inter-rater reliability, and internal consistency analyses using percentage agreements, intra-class correlations, Cronbach’s alphas, and omegas. Validity was assessed via consultations with stakeholders (content validity) and exploratory factor analyses (construct validity). This paper also estimated the level of competent adherence with which community facilitators delivered PLH-Teens by calculating the average PLH-FAT-T score achieved by facilitators. Paper 3 investigated the relationship between facilitator competent adherence and the pre-post outcomes of PLH-Teens participants. Analyses used 24 PLH-FAT-T assessments that could be linked to the pre-post surveys of 3,057 families. This analysis was conducted using multi-level Poisson regressions with fixed and random effects. Results: Paper 1 found 18 studies reporting on the relationship between observational measures of facilitator competent adherence and parent and child outcomes. The review found that most studies (n=13) reported a statistically significant positive relationship with at least one of the parent or child outcomes reported. However, eight studies reported inconsistent findings across outcomes. Four studies found no significant association with outcomes. Paper 2 found that the PLH-FAT-T showed strong content validity, poor to moderate intra- and inter-rater reliability, strong internal consistency, and moderate construct validity. Iterative exploratory factor analyses produced a shortened PLH-FAT-T, the PLH-FAT-T Short Form, comprised of 19 fewer items which had stronger psychometric properties. Analyses of the PLH-FAT-T Short Form found that community facilitators delivered PLH-Teens at scale in Tanzania to a high-level of competent adherence (82.3% average). Using the PLH-FAT-T Short Form, Paper 3 found that the relationship between facilitator competent adherence and outcomes was mixed with some positive, some insignificant, and some negative associations. A positive association was found between competent adherence and the primary outcome of interest, child maltreatment, as reported by adolescents. The analysis found that increased competent adherence had a positive association with two of the 12 parent-reported outcomes and seven of the 10 adolescent-reported outcomes (including child maltreatment). Yet, increased competent adherence also had a negative association with five parent-reported outcomes, as well as insignificant associations with five parent-reported outcomes and three adolescent-reported outcomes. Discussion: Paper 1 suggests that better facilitator competent adherence is generally associated with positive parent and child outcomes. However, this finding is weakened by the methodological heterogeneity of included studies and due to the wide variety of ways in which studies conceptualised competent adherence-outcome relationships. As a result, the paper reveals that there is substantial methodological work to be done in the broader parenting programme community to improve the rigour of and reporting on investigations regarding this relationship. As the amount of literature on the measurement and role of facilitator competent adherence grows in the behavioural intervention literature, the recommendations made in Paper 1 have relevance for other implementation scientists conducting and sharing studies on competent adherence. Paper 2 reports on the first psychometric evaluation of the PLH-FAT-T and is the first study of its kind to report on the fidelity achieved by facilitators during routine parenting programme delivery at scale in a low-income country. Findings suggest that the PLH-FAT-T had poor to moderate reliability and sufficient validity and that the PLH-FAT-T Short Form had stronger psychometric properties. Although the tool was stronger following iterative exploratory factor analyses, the findings indicate that further work is needed to strengthen the reliability and validity of the PLH-FAT-T Short Form. Findings also suggest that community facilitators with minimal background in and training on parenting programmes delivered PLH-Teens to a high level of quality at scale in a low-income community setting despite significant barriers. Thus, the findings of Paper 2 suggest that it may be possible for community facilitators to deliver behavioural interventions to a high level of competent adherence in low-income routine delivery settings at scale. The findings of Paper 3 are similar to the findings of Paper 1 in that Paper 3 does not provide a clear answer as to whether, and to what extent, facilitator competent adherence impacts participant outcomes. Potential explanations of the findings include the PLH-FAT-T Short Form has poor predictive validity; the PLH-FAT-T Short Form assessments were not reliable; a variety of methodological challenges may have prevented an examination of the true relationship between competent adherence and outcomes; competent adherence does not relate to outcomes in the manner theorised; competent adherence plays a less important role in the achievement of outcomes than anticipated or, at some point, plays a negative role; and only certain programme components are achieving outcomes so the PLH-FAT-T Short Form is not capturing the important aspects of programme delivery. The alignment of the findings of Papers 1 and 3 with some other systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the broader implementation science literature suggests that the role facilitator competent adherence plays in participant outcomes is not fully understood. Thus, there is reason to further investigate the theorised relationship between facilitator competent adherence and outcomes outlined in seminal implementation science theories and models to fully illuminate the inner workings of the ‘black box’ of interventions. A fuller understanding of the role that facilitator competent adherence plays in participant outcomes is essential to maximise the benefits to be reaped from evidence-based behavioural interventions. Conclusion: The dissertation provides important evidence regarding the measurement and role of facilitator competent adherence in the parenting programme literature and in Parenting for Lifelong Health. As a result, the dissertation provides a series of recommendations for the future of competent adherence monitoring in research and practice that are relevant to both the parenting programme literature and the broader implementation science literature. As parenting programmes continue to be delivered and scaled worldwide, it is intended that the findings and recommendations herein will be used to benefit both Parenting for Lifelong Health and the broader parenting programme community in the quest to maximise opportunity for vulnerable children and families globally to benefit from evidence-based parenting programmes.

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    Authors: Amy L. Paine; Salim Hashmi; Nina Howe; Nisha Johnson; +2 Authors

    Humor is a central feature of close and intimate relationships in childhood. However, fundamental questions regarding the relationship between humor production, pretend play, and social understanding have been overlooked. In a selected subsample from a prospective longitudinal study of first-born children (N = 110, M age = 6.91 years, 46.4% female, 98.1% parents identified as English, Welsh, Scottish, or Irish), we conducted detailed observational coding of children’s humor production during dress-up play with younger siblings. Focal children also completed a battery of social understanding tasks that measured emotion understanding and second-order belief understanding. Focal children were also observed during solo free play with Playmobil, and their spontaneous references to others’ cognitions and play with objects were coded. Correlation analyses indicated that children’s word play with their sibling was associated with their tendency to engage in pretense during solo play. Regression analyses showed that humorous sound play with siblings was associated with their emotion understanding and playful teasing with siblings was associated with their spontaneous references to others’ cognitive states during solo free play. Our findings contribute to knowledge and theory regarding domains of development associated with humor production in childhood.\ud \ud KEYWORDS:

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    Developmental Psychology
    Article . 2022
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      Developmental Psychology
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    Authors: Aline Jelenkovic; Yoshie Yokoyama; Reijo Sund; Yoon-Mi Hur; +65 Authors

    This work was supported by the Academy of Finland (grant number #266592). The Australian Twin Registry is supported by a Centre of Research Excellence (grant ID 1079102) from the National Health and Medical Research Council administered by the University of Melbourne. The Boston University Twin Project is funded by grants (#R01 HD068435 #R01 MH062375) from the National Institutes of Health to K. Saudino. The Carolina African American Twin Study of Aging (CAATSA) was funded by a grant from the National Institute on Aging (grant 1RO1-AG13662-01A2) to K. E. Whitfield. The CATSS-Study is supported by the Swedish Research Council through the Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social And Medical Sciences (SIMSAM) framework grant no 340-2013-5867, grants provided by the Stockholm County Council (ALF-projects), the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation and the Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association's Research Foundation. Colorado Twin Registry is funded by NIDA funded center grant DA011015, & Longitudinal Twin Study HD10333; Author Huibregtse is supported by 5T32DA017637 and 5T32AG052371. Since its origin the East Flanders Prospective Survey has been partly supported by grants from the Fund of Scientific Research, Flanders and Twins, a non-profit Association for Scientific Research in Multiple Births (Belgium). Data collection and analyses in Finnish twin cohorts have been supported by ENGAGE - European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology, FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007, grant agreement number 201413, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (grants AA-12502, AA-00145, and AA-09203 to R J Rose, the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics (grant numbers: 213506, 129680), Centre of Excellence in Research on Mitochondria, Metabolism and Disease (FinMIT, grant 272376), the Academy of Finland (grants 100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278 and 264146 to J Kaprio and grant 266286 and 314383 to K Pietilainen), the Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki. K Silventoinen is supported by Osaka University's International Joint Research Promotion Program. Gemini was supported by a grant from Cancer Research UK (C1418/A7974). Anthropometric measurements of the Hungarian twins were supported by Medexpert Ltd., Budapest, Hungary. Korean Twin-Family Register was supported by the Global Research Network Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF 2011-220-E00006). Longitudinal Israeli Study of Twins was funded by the Starting Grant no. 240994 from the European Research Council (ERC) to Ariel Knafo. The Michigan State University Twin Registry has been supported by Michigan State University, as well as grants R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, R03-MH63851-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), R01-HD066040 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), and 11-SPG-2518 from the MSU Foundation. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIMH, the NICHD, or the National Institutes of Health. PETS was supported by grants from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (grant numbers 437015 and 607358 to JC, and RS), the Bonnie Babes Foundation (grant number BBF20704 to JMC), the Financial Markets Foundation for Children (grant no. r 032-2007 to JMC), and by the Victorian Governments Operational Infrastructure Support Program. The Quebec Newborn Twin Study acknowledges financial support from the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Societe et la Culture, the Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec, the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the National Health Research Development Program, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Sainte-Justine Hospital's Research Center, and the Canada Research Chair Program (Michel Boivin). The Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) is supported by a program grant (MR/M021475/1) from the UK Medical Research Council and the work on obesity in TEDS is supported in part by a grant from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (31/D19086). The West Japan Twins and Higher Order Multiple Births Registry was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (grant number 15H05105) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Netherlands Twin Register acknowledges the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and MagW/ZonMW grants 904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193, 480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192; VU University's Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO +); the European Research Council (ERC - 230374), the Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA). Background: There is evidence that birth size is positively associated with height in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. Aim: To analyze the associations of birth weight, length and ponderal index with height from infancy through adulthood within mono- and dizygotic twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. Methods: This study is based on the data from 28 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 41,852 complete twin pairs (55% monozygotic and 45% same-sex dizygotic) with information on birth weight and a total of 112,409 paired height measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 69 years. Birth length was available for 19,881 complete twin pairs, with a total of 72,692 paired height measurements. The association between birth size and later height was analyzed at both the individual and within-pair level by linear regression analyses. Results: Within twin pairs, regression coefficients showed that a 1-kg increase in birth weight and a 1-cm increase in birth length were associated with 1.14-4.25 cm and 0.18-0.90 cm taller height, respectively. The magnitude of the associations was generally greater within dizygotic than within monozygotic twin pairs, and this difference between zygosities was more pronounced for birth length. Conclusion: Both genetic and individual-specific environmental factors play a role in the association between birth size and later height from infancy to adulthood, with a larger role for genetics in the association with birth length than with birth weight.

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    Lirias
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: Lirias
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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2018
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ghent University Aca...arrow_drop_down
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      Lirias
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: Lirias
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Europe PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2018
      Data sources: PubMed Central
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Authors: Van Bavel, Jay J.; Cichocka, Aleksandra; Capraro, Valerio; Sjåstad, Hallgeir; +1 Authors

    Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors that associated with people reported adopting public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.

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    Authors: Alejandro Pérez; Philip J. Monahan; Matthew A. Lambon Ralph;

    Hyperscanning is an emerging technique that allows for the study of brain similarities between interacting individuals. This methodology has powerful implications for understanding the neural basis of joint actions, such as conversation; however, it also demands precise time-locking between the different brain recordings and sensory stimulation. Such precise timing, nevertheless, is often difficult to achieve. Recording auditory stimuli jointly with the ongoing high temporal resolution neurophysiological signal presents an effective way to control timing asynchronies offline between the digital trigger sent by the stimulation program and the actual onset of the auditory stimulus delivered to participants via speakers/headphones. This configuration is particularly challenging in hyperscanning setups due to the general increased complexity of the methodology. In other designs using the related technique of pseudo-hyperscanning, combined brain-auditory recordings are also a highly desirable feature, since reliable offline synchronization can be performed by using the shared audio signal. Here, we describe two hardware configurations wherein the real-time delivered auditory stimulus is recorded jointly with ongoing electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. Specifically, we describe and provide customized implementations for joint EEG-audio recording in hyperscanning and pseudo-hyperscanning paradigms using hardware and software from Brain Products GmbH.•Joint EEG-audio recording configuration for hyperscanning and pseudo-hyperscanning paradigms.•Near zero-latency playback of auditory signal captured by a microphone.•Precise alignment between EEG and auditory stimulation. Graphical abstract Image, graphical abstract

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Article . 2021
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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    Apollo
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Article . 2021
    Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
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    https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.i...
    Preprint . 2021
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    Other literature type . Article . 2021
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    Apollo
    Other literature type . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Apollo
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    https://www.repository.cam.ac....
    Preprint
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    Article . 2021
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      Europe PubMed Central
      Article . 2021
      Data sources: PubMed Central
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      Apollo
      Article . 2021
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2021
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      https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.i...
      Preprint . 2021
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      Other literature type . Article . 2021
      License: Elsevier TDM
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      Apollo
      Other literature type . 2021
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Apollo
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://www.repository.cam.ac....
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      Article . 2021
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    Authors: Cara Booker; Anne McMunn; Amanda Sacker;

    This study addresses the question of de-standardized life courses from a gender perspective. Multi-channel sequence analysis is used to characterise the domains of work, partnership and parenthood in combination across the adult life courses of three birth cohorts of British men and women between the ages of 16 and 42. Three research questions are addressed. First, we examine whether there is evidence of increasing between-person de-standardization (diversity) and within-person differentiation (complexity) in work and family life courses across cohorts during the main childrearing years. Second, we investigate whether men's and women's work–family life courses are converging over time. Finally, we assess the link between educational attainment and work–family life courses across cohorts. Data are from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development 1946 birth cohort (n = 3012), the National Child Development Study 1958 birth cohort (n = 9616), and the British Cohort Study 1970 birth cohort (n = 8158). We apply multi-channel sequence analysis to group individuals into twelve conceptually-based work–family life course types. We find evidence of growing between-person diversity, across cohorts, for both women and men. In addition, partnership trajectories are growing more complex for both genders, while parental biographies and women's work histories are becoming less so. Women's and men's work–family life courses are becoming increasingly similar as more women engage in continuous full-time employment; however, life courses involving part-time employment or a career break remain common for women in the most recent cohort. Continuous, full-time employment combined with minimal family ties up to age 42 emerged as the most common pattern for women and the second most common for men in the 1970 cohort.

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    OpenAPC Global Initiative
    Article . Conference object . 2015
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      Article . Conference object . 2015
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    Authors: Massimiliano Orri; Abigail Emma Russell; Becky Mars; Gustavo Turecki; +7 Authors

    AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to identify groups of children presenting distinct perinatal adversity profiles and test the association between profiles and later risk of suicide attempt.MethodsData were from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD, N = 1623), and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, N = 5734). Exposures to 32 perinatal adversities (e.g. fetal, obstetric, psychosocial, and parental psychopathology) were modeled using latent class analysis, and associations with a self-reported suicide attempt by age 20 were investigated with logistic regression. We investigated to what extent childhood emotional and behavioral problems, victimization, and cognition explained the associations.ResultsIn both cohorts, we identified five profiles: No perinatal risk, Poor fetal growth, Socioeconomic adversity, Delivery complications, Parental mental health problems (ALSPAC only). Compared to children with No perinatal risk, children in the Poor fetal growth (pooled estimate QLSCD-ALSPAC, OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.04–3.44), Socioeconomic adversity (pooled-OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08–1.85), and Parental mental health problems (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.27–2.40), but not Delivery complications, profiles were more likely to attempt suicide. The proportion of this effect mediated by the putative mediators was larger for the Socioeconomic adversity profile compared to the others.ConclusionsPerinatal adversities associated with suicide attempt cluster in distinct profiles. Suicide prevention may begin early in life and requires a multidisciplinary approach targeting a constellation of factors from different domains (psychiatric, obstetric, socioeconomic), rather than a single factor, to effectively reduce suicide vulnerability. The way these factors cluster together also determined the pathways leading to a suicide attempt, which can guide decision-making on personalized suicide prevention strategies.

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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Oskar Bordeaux
    Article . 2020
    Data sources: Oskar Bordeaux
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Papyrus : Dépôt inst...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Oskar Bordeaux
      Article . 2020
      Data sources: Oskar Bordeaux
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.