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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2020 ItalyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ARC | ARC Future Fellowships - ..., SSHRC, ARC | ARC Future Fellowships - ... +1 projectsARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT150100138 ,SSHRC ,ARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT140100384 ,ARC| Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL130100116Kseniya Kolobova; Richard G. Roberts; Victor P. Chabai; Zenobia Jacobs; Maciej T. Krajcarz; A.V. Shalagina; A.I. Krivoshapkin; Bo Li; Thorsten Uthmeier; S. V. Markin; Mike W. Morley; Kieran O'Gorman; Natalia Rudaya; Sahra Talamo; Bence Viola; Anatoly P. Derevianko;Neanderthals were once widespread across Europe and western Asia. They also penetrated into the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia, but the geographical origin of these populations and the timing of their dispersal have remained elusive. Here we describe an archaeological assemblage from Chagyrskaya Cave, situated in the Altai foothills, where around 90,000 Middle Paleolithic artifacts and 74 Neanderthal remains have been recovered from deposits dating to between 59 and 49 thousand years ago (age range at 95.4% probability). Environmental reconstructions suggest that the Chagyrskaya hominins were adapted to the dry steppe and hunted bison. Their distinctive toolkit closely resembles Micoquian assemblages from central and eastern Europe, including the northern Caucasus, more than 3,000 kilometers to the west of Chagyrskaya Cave. At other Altai sites, evidence of earlier Neanderthal populations lacking associated Micoquian-like artifacts implies two or more Neanderthal incursions into this region. We identify eastern Europe as the most probable ancestral source region for the Chagyrskaya toolmakers, supported by DNA results linking the Neanderthal remains with populations in northern Croatia and the northern Caucasus, and providing a rare example of a long-distance, intercontinental population movement associated with a distinctive Paleolithic toolkit. Significance Neanderthals once inhabited Europe and western Asia, spreading as far east as the Altai Mountains in southern Siberia, but the geographical origin and time of arrival of the Altai populations remain unresolved. Excavations at Chagyrskaya Cave in the Altai foothills have yielded 90,000 stone artifacts, numerous bone tools, 74 Neanderthal fossils, and animal and plant remains recovered from 59,000- to 49,000-year-old deposits. The Chagyrskaya Neanderthals made distinctive stone tools that closely resemble Micoquian artifacts from eastern Europe, whereas other Altai sites occupied by earlier Neanderthal populations lack such artifacts. This suggests at least two dispersals of Neanderthals into southern Siberia, with the likely ancestral homeland of the Chagyrskaya toolmakers located 3,000 to 4,000 kilometers to the west, in eastern Europe.
Europe PubMed Centra... arrow_drop_down Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesArticle . 2020License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu68 citations 68 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!more_vert Europe PubMed Centra... arrow_drop_down Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesArticle . 2020License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1073/pnas.1918047117&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2021 SpainAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) SSHRC, ARC | ARC Future Fellowships - ..., EC | 100 Archaic Genomes +2 projectsSSHRC ,ARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT140100384 ,EC| 100 Archaic Genomes ,ARC| Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL130100116 ,ARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT150100138Benjamin Vernot; Elena I. Zavala; Asier Gómez-Olivencia; Zenobia Jacobs; Viviane Slon; Fabrizio Mafessoni; Frédéric Romagné; Alice Pearson; Martin Petr; Nohemi Sala; Adrián Pablos; Arantza Aranburu; José María Bermúdez de Castro; Eudald Carbonell; Bo Li; Maciej T. Krajcarz; A.I. Krivoshapkin; Kseniya Kolobova; M.B. Kozlikin; Michael V. Shunkov; Anatoly P. Derevianko; Bence Viola; Steffi Grote; Elena Essel; David López Herráez; Sarah Nagel; Birgit Nickel; Julia Richter; Anna Schmidt; Benjamin M. Peter; Janet Kelso; Richard G. Roberts; Juan Luis Arsuaga; Matthias Meyer;pmid: 33911223
The value of dirty DNA Environmental DNA can identify the presence of species, even from the distant past. Surveying three cave sites in western Europe and southern Siberia, Vernot et al. identified nuclear DNA and confirmed that it is from the close relatives of anatomically modern humans—Neanderthal and Denisovan individuals. A phylogenetic analysis and modeling show that the DNA in sediment samples from several layers corresponds to previously studied skeletal remains. These results demonstrate that environmental data can be applied to study the population genetics of the extinct Neanderthal and Denisovan lineages, identifying a turnover of Neanderthal populations ∼100,000 years ago. Science , this issue p. eabf1667
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1126/science.abf1667&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu75 citations 75 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1126/science.abf1667&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2020 ItalyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ARC | ARC Future Fellowships - ..., SSHRC, ARC | ARC Future Fellowships - ... +1 projectsARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT150100138 ,SSHRC ,ARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT140100384 ,ARC| Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL130100116Kseniya Kolobova; Richard G. Roberts; Victor P. Chabai; Zenobia Jacobs; Maciej T. Krajcarz; A.V. Shalagina; A.I. Krivoshapkin; Bo Li; Thorsten Uthmeier; S. V. Markin; Mike W. Morley; Kieran O'Gorman; Natalia Rudaya; Sahra Talamo; Bence Viola; Anatoly P. Derevianko;Neanderthals were once widespread across Europe and western Asia. They also penetrated into the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia, but the geographical origin of these populations and the timing of their dispersal have remained elusive. Here we describe an archaeological assemblage from Chagyrskaya Cave, situated in the Altai foothills, where around 90,000 Middle Paleolithic artifacts and 74 Neanderthal remains have been recovered from deposits dating to between 59 and 49 thousand years ago (age range at 95.4% probability). Environmental reconstructions suggest that the Chagyrskaya hominins were adapted to the dry steppe and hunted bison. Their distinctive toolkit closely resembles Micoquian assemblages from central and eastern Europe, including the northern Caucasus, more than 3,000 kilometers to the west of Chagyrskaya Cave. At other Altai sites, evidence of earlier Neanderthal populations lacking associated Micoquian-like artifacts implies two or more Neanderthal incursions into this region. We identify eastern Europe as the most probable ancestral source region for the Chagyrskaya toolmakers, supported by DNA results linking the Neanderthal remains with populations in northern Croatia and the northern Caucasus, and providing a rare example of a long-distance, intercontinental population movement associated with a distinctive Paleolithic toolkit. Significance Neanderthals once inhabited Europe and western Asia, spreading as far east as the Altai Mountains in southern Siberia, but the geographical origin and time of arrival of the Altai populations remain unresolved. Excavations at Chagyrskaya Cave in the Altai foothills have yielded 90,000 stone artifacts, numerous bone tools, 74 Neanderthal fossils, and animal and plant remains recovered from 59,000- to 49,000-year-old deposits. The Chagyrskaya Neanderthals made distinctive stone tools that closely resemble Micoquian artifacts from eastern Europe, whereas other Altai sites occupied by earlier Neanderthal populations lack such artifacts. This suggests at least two dispersals of Neanderthals into southern Siberia, with the likely ancestral homeland of the Chagyrskaya toolmakers located 3,000 to 4,000 kilometers to the west, in eastern Europe.
Europe PubMed Centra... arrow_drop_down Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesArticle . 2020License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1073/pnas.1918047117&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu68 citations 68 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!more_vert Europe PubMed Centra... arrow_drop_down Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesArticle . 2020License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1073/pnas.1918047117&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2021 SpainAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) SSHRC, ARC | ARC Future Fellowships - ..., EC | 100 Archaic Genomes +2 projectsSSHRC ,ARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT140100384 ,EC| 100 Archaic Genomes ,ARC| Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL130100116 ,ARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT150100138Benjamin Vernot; Elena I. Zavala; Asier Gómez-Olivencia; Zenobia Jacobs; Viviane Slon; Fabrizio Mafessoni; Frédéric Romagné; Alice Pearson; Martin Petr; Nohemi Sala; Adrián Pablos; Arantza Aranburu; José María Bermúdez de Castro; Eudald Carbonell; Bo Li; Maciej T. Krajcarz; A.I. Krivoshapkin; Kseniya Kolobova; M.B. Kozlikin; Michael V. Shunkov; Anatoly P. Derevianko; Bence Viola; Steffi Grote; Elena Essel; David López Herráez; Sarah Nagel; Birgit Nickel; Julia Richter; Anna Schmidt; Benjamin M. Peter; Janet Kelso; Richard G. Roberts; Juan Luis Arsuaga; Matthias Meyer;pmid: 33911223
The value of dirty DNA Environmental DNA can identify the presence of species, even from the distant past. Surveying three cave sites in western Europe and southern Siberia, Vernot et al. identified nuclear DNA and confirmed that it is from the close relatives of anatomically modern humans—Neanderthal and Denisovan individuals. A phylogenetic analysis and modeling show that the DNA in sediment samples from several layers corresponds to previously studied skeletal remains. These results demonstrate that environmental data can be applied to study the population genetics of the extinct Neanderthal and Denisovan lineages, identifying a turnover of Neanderthal populations ∼100,000 years ago. Science , this issue p. eabf1667
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1126/science.abf1667&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu75 citations 75 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1126/science.abf1667&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu