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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2022 Italy, FranceSpringer Science and Business Media LLC EC | ORIGIN, SSHRC, EC | 100 Archaic Genomes +4 projectsEC| ORIGIN ,SSHRC ,EC| 100 Archaic Genomes ,ARC| Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL130100116 ,EC| RESOLUTION ,EC| PALAEOCHRON ,EC| FINDERLaurits Skov; Stéphane Peyrégne; Divyaratan Popli; Leonardo N. M. Iasi; Thibaut Devièse; Viviane Slon; Elena I. Zavala; Mateja Hajdinjak; Arev P. Sümer; Steffi Grote; Alba Bossoms Mesa; David López Herráez; Birgit Nickel; Sarah Nagel; Julia Richter; Elena Essel; Marie Gansauge; Anna Schmidt; Petra Korlević; Daniel Comeskey; Anatoly P. Derevianko; Aliona Kharevich; Sergey V. Markin; Sahra Talamo; Katerina Douka; Maciej T. Krajcarz; Richard G. Roberts; Thomas Higham; Bence Viola; Andrey I. Krivoshapkin; Kseniya A. Kolobova; Janet Kelso; Matthias Meyer; Svante Pääbo; Benjamin M. Peter;pmid: 36261727
pmc: PMC9581778
Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their population history and relationship to modern humans1–8, but the social organization of Neanderthal communities remains poorly understood. Here we present genetic data for 13 Neanderthals from two Middle Palaeolithic sites in the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia: 11 from Chagyrskaya Cave9,10 and 2 from Okladnikov Cave11—making this one of the largest genetic studies of a Neanderthal population to date. We used hybridization capture to obtain genome-wide nuclear data, as well as mitochondrial and Y-chromosome sequences. Some Chagyrskaya individuals were closely related, including a father–daughter pair and a pair of second-degree relatives, indicating that at least some of the individuals lived at the same time. Up to one-third of these individuals’ genomes had long segments of homozygosity, suggesting that the Chagyrskaya Neanderthals were part of a small community. In addition, the Y-chromosome diversity is an order of magnitude lower than the mitochondrial diversity, a pattern that we found is best explained by female migration between communities. Thus, the genetic data presented here provide a detailed documentation of the social organization of an isolated Neanderthal community at the easternmost extent of their known range. Archaeological sites and remains Data acquisition and sex determination Identification of relatives Relationships to other populations Inferring social organization Conclusion
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu28 citations 28 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2020 ItalyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ARC | ARC Future Fellowships - ..., SSHRC, ARC | ARC Future Fellowships - ... +1 projectsARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT150100138 ,SSHRC ,ARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT140100384 ,ARC| Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL130100116Kseniya Kolobova; Richard G. Roberts; Victor P. Chabai; Zenobia Jacobs; Maciej T. Krajcarz; A.V. Shalagina; A.I. Krivoshapkin; Bo Li; Thorsten Uthmeier; S. V. Markin; Mike W. Morley; Kieran O'Gorman; Natalia Rudaya; Sahra Talamo; Bence Viola; Anatoly P. Derevianko;Neanderthals were once widespread across Europe and western Asia. They also penetrated into the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia, but the geographical origin of these populations and the timing of their dispersal have remained elusive. Here we describe an archaeological assemblage from Chagyrskaya Cave, situated in the Altai foothills, where around 90,000 Middle Paleolithic artifacts and 74 Neanderthal remains have been recovered from deposits dating to between 59 and 49 thousand years ago (age range at 95.4% probability). Environmental reconstructions suggest that the Chagyrskaya hominins were adapted to the dry steppe and hunted bison. Their distinctive toolkit closely resembles Micoquian assemblages from central and eastern Europe, including the northern Caucasus, more than 3,000 kilometers to the west of Chagyrskaya Cave. At other Altai sites, evidence of earlier Neanderthal populations lacking associated Micoquian-like artifacts implies two or more Neanderthal incursions into this region. We identify eastern Europe as the most probable ancestral source region for the Chagyrskaya toolmakers, supported by DNA results linking the Neanderthal remains with populations in northern Croatia and the northern Caucasus, and providing a rare example of a long-distance, intercontinental population movement associated with a distinctive Paleolithic toolkit. Significance Neanderthals once inhabited Europe and western Asia, spreading as far east as the Altai Mountains in southern Siberia, but the geographical origin and time of arrival of the Altai populations remain unresolved. Excavations at Chagyrskaya Cave in the Altai foothills have yielded 90,000 stone artifacts, numerous bone tools, 74 Neanderthal fossils, and animal and plant remains recovered from 59,000- to 49,000-year-old deposits. The Chagyrskaya Neanderthals made distinctive stone tools that closely resemble Micoquian artifacts from eastern Europe, whereas other Altai sites occupied by earlier Neanderthal populations lack such artifacts. This suggests at least two dispersals of Neanderthals into southern Siberia, with the likely ancestral homeland of the Chagyrskaya toolmakers located 3,000 to 4,000 kilometers to the west, in eastern Europe.
Europe PubMed Centra... arrow_drop_down Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesArticle . 2020License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu68 citations 68 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!more_vert Europe PubMed Centra... arrow_drop_down Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesArticle . 2020License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2021 SpainAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) SSHRC, ARC | ARC Future Fellowships - ..., EC | 100 Archaic Genomes +2 projectsSSHRC ,ARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT140100384 ,EC| 100 Archaic Genomes ,ARC| Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL130100116 ,ARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT150100138Benjamin Vernot; Elena I. Zavala; Asier Gómez-Olivencia; Zenobia Jacobs; Viviane Slon; Fabrizio Mafessoni; Frédéric Romagné; Alice Pearson; Martin Petr; Nohemi Sala; Adrián Pablos; Arantza Aranburu; José María Bermúdez de Castro; Eudald Carbonell; Bo Li; Maciej T. Krajcarz; A.I. Krivoshapkin; Kseniya Kolobova; M.B. Kozlikin; Michael V. Shunkov; Anatoly P. Derevianko; Bence Viola; Steffi Grote; Elena Essel; David López Herráez; Sarah Nagel; Birgit Nickel; Julia Richter; Anna Schmidt; Benjamin M. Peter; Janet Kelso; Richard G. Roberts; Juan Luis Arsuaga; Matthias Meyer;pmid: 33911223
The value of dirty DNA Environmental DNA can identify the presence of species, even from the distant past. Surveying three cave sites in western Europe and southern Siberia, Vernot et al. identified nuclear DNA and confirmed that it is from the close relatives of anatomically modern humans—Neanderthal and Denisovan individuals. A phylogenetic analysis and modeling show that the DNA in sediment samples from several layers corresponds to previously studied skeletal remains. These results demonstrate that environmental data can be applied to study the population genetics of the extinct Neanderthal and Denisovan lineages, identifying a turnover of Neanderthal populations ∼100,000 years ago. Science , this issue p. eabf1667
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu75 citations 75 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1126/science.abf1667&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2019Springer Science and Business Media LLC SSHRC, ARC | Australian Laureate Fello...SSHRC ,ARC| Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL130100116Susan Luong; Matthew W. Tocheri; Elspeth Hayes; Thomas Sutikna; Richard Fullagar; E. Wahyu Saptomo; Jatmiko; Richard G. Roberts;AbstractOrganic biomarker and lithic use-wear analyses of archaeological implements manufactured and/or used by hominins in the past offers a means of assessing how prehistoric peoples utilised natural resources. Currently, most studies focus on one of these techniques, rather than using both in sequence. This study aims to assess the potential of combining both methods to analyse stone artefacts, using a set of 69 stones excavated from the cave site of Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia). Prior to chemical analysis, an initial inspection of the artefacts revealed potential use-wear traces but no visible residues. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, including the targeting of 86 lipids, terpenes, terpenoids, alkanes and their analogues, found compounds with plant or animal origin on 27 of the 69 stones. The artefacts were subsequently cleaned, and use-wear analysis identified traces of use on 43 artefacts. Use-wear analysis confirmed traces of use on 23 of the 27 artefacts with potential use-residues that were determined by GC-MS. The GC-MS results were broadly consistent with the functional classes identified in the later use-wear analysis. This inclusive approach for stone artefact analysis strengthens the identifications made through multiple lines of enquiry. There remain conflicts and uncertainties in specific cases, suggesting the need for further refinement and analyses of the relationships between use-wear and residues.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu16 citations 16 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2022 Italy, FranceSpringer Science and Business Media LLC EC | ORIGIN, SSHRC, EC | 100 Archaic Genomes +4 projectsEC| ORIGIN ,SSHRC ,EC| 100 Archaic Genomes ,ARC| Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL130100116 ,EC| RESOLUTION ,EC| PALAEOCHRON ,EC| FINDERLaurits Skov; Stéphane Peyrégne; Divyaratan Popli; Leonardo N. M. Iasi; Thibaut Devièse; Viviane Slon; Elena I. Zavala; Mateja Hajdinjak; Arev P. Sümer; Steffi Grote; Alba Bossoms Mesa; David López Herráez; Birgit Nickel; Sarah Nagel; Julia Richter; Elena Essel; Marie Gansauge; Anna Schmidt; Petra Korlević; Daniel Comeskey; Anatoly P. Derevianko; Aliona Kharevich; Sergey V. Markin; Sahra Talamo; Katerina Douka; Maciej T. Krajcarz; Richard G. Roberts; Thomas Higham; Bence Viola; Andrey I. Krivoshapkin; Kseniya A. Kolobova; Janet Kelso; Matthias Meyer; Svante Pääbo; Benjamin M. Peter;pmid: 36261727
pmc: PMC9581778
Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their population history and relationship to modern humans1–8, but the social organization of Neanderthal communities remains poorly understood. Here we present genetic data for 13 Neanderthals from two Middle Palaeolithic sites in the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia: 11 from Chagyrskaya Cave9,10 and 2 from Okladnikov Cave11—making this one of the largest genetic studies of a Neanderthal population to date. We used hybridization capture to obtain genome-wide nuclear data, as well as mitochondrial and Y-chromosome sequences. Some Chagyrskaya individuals were closely related, including a father–daughter pair and a pair of second-degree relatives, indicating that at least some of the individuals lived at the same time. Up to one-third of these individuals’ genomes had long segments of homozygosity, suggesting that the Chagyrskaya Neanderthals were part of a small community. In addition, the Y-chromosome diversity is an order of magnitude lower than the mitochondrial diversity, a pattern that we found is best explained by female migration between communities. Thus, the genetic data presented here provide a detailed documentation of the social organization of an isolated Neanderthal community at the easternmost extent of their known range. Archaeological sites and remains Data acquisition and sex determination Identification of relatives Relationships to other populations Inferring social organization Conclusion
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu28 citations 28 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/s41586-022-05283-y&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2020 ItalyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ARC | ARC Future Fellowships - ..., SSHRC, ARC | ARC Future Fellowships - ... +1 projectsARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT150100138 ,SSHRC ,ARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT140100384 ,ARC| Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL130100116Kseniya Kolobova; Richard G. Roberts; Victor P. Chabai; Zenobia Jacobs; Maciej T. Krajcarz; A.V. Shalagina; A.I. Krivoshapkin; Bo Li; Thorsten Uthmeier; S. V. Markin; Mike W. Morley; Kieran O'Gorman; Natalia Rudaya; Sahra Talamo; Bence Viola; Anatoly P. Derevianko;Neanderthals were once widespread across Europe and western Asia. They also penetrated into the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia, but the geographical origin of these populations and the timing of their dispersal have remained elusive. Here we describe an archaeological assemblage from Chagyrskaya Cave, situated in the Altai foothills, where around 90,000 Middle Paleolithic artifacts and 74 Neanderthal remains have been recovered from deposits dating to between 59 and 49 thousand years ago (age range at 95.4% probability). Environmental reconstructions suggest that the Chagyrskaya hominins were adapted to the dry steppe and hunted bison. Their distinctive toolkit closely resembles Micoquian assemblages from central and eastern Europe, including the northern Caucasus, more than 3,000 kilometers to the west of Chagyrskaya Cave. At other Altai sites, evidence of earlier Neanderthal populations lacking associated Micoquian-like artifacts implies two or more Neanderthal incursions into this region. We identify eastern Europe as the most probable ancestral source region for the Chagyrskaya toolmakers, supported by DNA results linking the Neanderthal remains with populations in northern Croatia and the northern Caucasus, and providing a rare example of a long-distance, intercontinental population movement associated with a distinctive Paleolithic toolkit. Significance Neanderthals once inhabited Europe and western Asia, spreading as far east as the Altai Mountains in southern Siberia, but the geographical origin and time of arrival of the Altai populations remain unresolved. Excavations at Chagyrskaya Cave in the Altai foothills have yielded 90,000 stone artifacts, numerous bone tools, 74 Neanderthal fossils, and animal and plant remains recovered from 59,000- to 49,000-year-old deposits. The Chagyrskaya Neanderthals made distinctive stone tools that closely resemble Micoquian artifacts from eastern Europe, whereas other Altai sites occupied by earlier Neanderthal populations lack such artifacts. This suggests at least two dispersals of Neanderthals into southern Siberia, with the likely ancestral homeland of the Chagyrskaya toolmakers located 3,000 to 4,000 kilometers to the west, in eastern Europe.
Europe PubMed Centra... arrow_drop_down Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesArticle . 2020License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu68 citations 68 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!more_vert Europe PubMed Centra... arrow_drop_down Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesArticle . 2020License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1073/pnas.1918047117&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2021 SpainAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) SSHRC, ARC | ARC Future Fellowships - ..., EC | 100 Archaic Genomes +2 projectsSSHRC ,ARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT140100384 ,EC| 100 Archaic Genomes ,ARC| Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL130100116 ,ARC| ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT150100138Benjamin Vernot; Elena I. Zavala; Asier Gómez-Olivencia; Zenobia Jacobs; Viviane Slon; Fabrizio Mafessoni; Frédéric Romagné; Alice Pearson; Martin Petr; Nohemi Sala; Adrián Pablos; Arantza Aranburu; José María Bermúdez de Castro; Eudald Carbonell; Bo Li; Maciej T. Krajcarz; A.I. Krivoshapkin; Kseniya Kolobova; M.B. Kozlikin; Michael V. Shunkov; Anatoly P. Derevianko; Bence Viola; Steffi Grote; Elena Essel; David López Herráez; Sarah Nagel; Birgit Nickel; Julia Richter; Anna Schmidt; Benjamin M. Peter; Janet Kelso; Richard G. Roberts; Juan Luis Arsuaga; Matthias Meyer;pmid: 33911223
The value of dirty DNA Environmental DNA can identify the presence of species, even from the distant past. Surveying three cave sites in western Europe and southern Siberia, Vernot et al. identified nuclear DNA and confirmed that it is from the close relatives of anatomically modern humans—Neanderthal and Denisovan individuals. A phylogenetic analysis and modeling show that the DNA in sediment samples from several layers corresponds to previously studied skeletal remains. These results demonstrate that environmental data can be applied to study the population genetics of the extinct Neanderthal and Denisovan lineages, identifying a turnover of Neanderthal populations ∼100,000 years ago. Science , this issue p. eabf1667
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1126/science.abf1667&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu75 citations 75 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1126/science.abf1667&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2019Springer Science and Business Media LLC SSHRC, ARC | Australian Laureate Fello...SSHRC ,ARC| Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL130100116Susan Luong; Matthew W. Tocheri; Elspeth Hayes; Thomas Sutikna; Richard Fullagar; E. Wahyu Saptomo; Jatmiko; Richard G. Roberts;AbstractOrganic biomarker and lithic use-wear analyses of archaeological implements manufactured and/or used by hominins in the past offers a means of assessing how prehistoric peoples utilised natural resources. Currently, most studies focus on one of these techniques, rather than using both in sequence. This study aims to assess the potential of combining both methods to analyse stone artefacts, using a set of 69 stones excavated from the cave site of Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia). Prior to chemical analysis, an initial inspection of the artefacts revealed potential use-wear traces but no visible residues. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, including the targeting of 86 lipids, terpenes, terpenoids, alkanes and their analogues, found compounds with plant or animal origin on 27 of the 69 stones. The artefacts were subsequently cleaned, and use-wear analysis identified traces of use on 43 artefacts. Use-wear analysis confirmed traces of use on 23 of the 27 artefacts with potential use-residues that were determined by GC-MS. The GC-MS results were broadly consistent with the functional classes identified in the later use-wear analysis. This inclusive approach for stone artefact analysis strengthens the identifications made through multiple lines of enquiry. There remain conflicts and uncertainties in specific cases, suggesting the need for further refinement and analyses of the relationships between use-wear and residues.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/s41598-019-53782-2&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu16 citations 16 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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