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  • Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
  • Health Psychology

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Seltzer, Marsha Mailick; Barker, Erin T.; Greenberg, Jan S.; Hong, Jinkuk; +2 Authors

    Objective—The premutation of the FMR1 gene (defined as between 55 and 200 CGG repeats) is estimated to affect 1 in 149 females and 1 in 643 males, and some people who carry the FMR1 premutation display signs of impairment. Method—This study focuses on 82 premutation carrier mothers (M age = 51.4 years; SD = 7.7) of adolescent and adult children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). A Gene × Environment interaction approach examined the ways in which the experience of negative life events interacts with genetic vulnerability to predict depressive symptoms, anxiety, and daily cortisol levels. Results—The associations of life events with all 3 dependent measures were associated with CGG repeat length but in a curvilinear manner. Mothers with midsize CGG repeats who experienced above-average numbers of negative life events in the previous year had more depressive symptoms and anxiety and had a blunted cortisol awakening response, as compared with those with higher or lower repeat lengths. However, mothers with midsize CGG repeats who experienced below-average numbers of negative life events in the previous year had the lowest levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety, and they exhibited the typical cortisol response to awakening, meeting the criteria for differential susceptibility. Conclusions—This research extends our understanding of the phenotypic effects of the expansion of the FMR1 gene, and it adds to the growing literature on the curvilinear relationship between CGG repeat length and mental and physical health.

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2011
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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    Health Psychology
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    Health Psychology
    Article . 2012
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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      Europe PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2011
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      Health Psychology
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      Health Psychology
      Article . 2012
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  • Authors: Barbara A, Morrongiello; Megan, Sandomierski; Daniel, Zdzieborski; Heather, McCollam;

    Introduction: A video to promote parents' appreciation of young children's risk of injury and need for active supervision was recently developed (Morrongiello, Zdzieborski, Sandomierski, & Lasenby-Lessard, 2009). Integrating this video with tailored activities resulted in the Supervising for Home Safety program. The current randomized, controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of this program for increasing parental appraisals of child-injury risk and the need to actively supervise 2- through 5-year-old children. Method: Parents were recruited throughout the community and randomly assigned to either intervention (content focused on child-injury risks and supervision needs) or control (content focused on child nutrition and exercise) groups, with these balanced for child sex and age. Pre- and postintervention measures of parental appraisals of child-injury risk (vulnerability for injury, potential injury severity, preventability of injury) and supervision (value of active supervision, self-efficacy for actively supervising) were taken. Results: Following exposure to the intervention, appraisals of children's injury risk and parents' need to actively supervise significantly increased in the intervention group but not the control group, and all effects, except change in vulnerability appraisal, persisted for 12 months after exposure to the intervention program. Additional analyses were conducted to explore barriers that parents identified to closely supervising and solutions they suggested to address barriers. Conclusions: The Supervising for Home Safety program produced the desired effects on parental appraisals. It holds promise as a program that may improve parents' supervision practices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en

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    Authors: Fuschia M, Sirois; Christopher G, Davis; Melinda S, Morgan;

    The relations between 3 types of perceived control, symptom severity, and 2 adaptational outcomes, depressive symptoms and psychological well-being, were examined in a sample of 319 people with tinnitus. Consistent with previous studies of control and adjustment to chronic health conditions, general health and symptom control were associated with better psychological adjustment, and retrospective control was associated with worse psychological adjustment. Only symptom control emerged as a significant moderator in the symptom severity-adjustment relationship, such that stronger beliefs in one's ability to control symptoms were most strongly associated with better adjustment among those with more severe tinnitus symptoms. These findings were consistent with coping perspectives and cognitive adaptation theory and suggest that symptom-related perceptions of control may be an effective coping resource to nurture in chronic health contexts with severe symptoms.

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    Health Psychology
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    Health Psychology
    Article . 2006
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      Health Psychology
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      Health Psychology
      Article . 2006
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  • Authors: Victoria I. Michalowski; Theresa Pauly; Denis Gerstorf; Maureen C. Ashe; +2 Authors

    OBJECTIVE Positive as well as negative emotional experiences fluctuate and they may be shared between romantic partners. Everyday emotion dynamics in couples may relate to physiological stress responses, with accompanying cortisol secretion being one pathway through which emotional dynamics can "get under the skin." We examined time-varying relationships of one's own as well as one's partner's sadness and contentment with salivary cortisol. We also examined the degree to which perceptions that the respective partner was sharing their feelings moderates these associations. METHOD Both partners of 84 community-dwelling older adult couples (Mage = 71.1 years) provided simultaneous daily life assessments of momentary cortisol, sadness and contentment, and perceptions of shared spousal feelings four times per day over seven consecutive days (up to 28 assessments). RESULTS Momentary cortisol was higher in moments when individuals reported higher sadness, lower contentment, and perceptions that their partner was sharing their feelings less than usual. Cortisol was also higher when the partner reported higher sadness and lower contentment but only when one felt that the partner was sharing their feelings more than usual at that moment in time. CONCLUSIONS This study illuminates a potential pathway (i.e., perceptions of shared spousal feelings) by which not only one's own emotional experiences, but also those of the spouse, are associated with the activation of physiological stress systems as indicated by elevated cortisol in a sample of older couples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Brett Smith; Jennifer R Tomasone; Amy E Latimer-Cheung; Kathleen A. Martin Ginis;

    Objective Theoretically informed by narrative inquiry, this article examines the utility of stories as a possible tool for disseminating synthesized physical activity knowledge to adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) and health care professionals (HCPs) working with this population. It is the first research to systematically examine in this context the use of narratives as a knowledge translation tool. Method Forty-three participants (15 adults with SCI; 13 peer mentors with SCI; and 15 HCPs) individually listened to an evidence-based story set in a rehabilitation hospital about the process of becoming physically active following SCI. Individual telephone interviews were conducted to examine participants' perceptions of the story. Qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic analysis. Results Five themes were inductively identified: (a) effective communication, (b) narrative authenticity, (c) credible messengers, (d) narrative format, and (e) narrative as a form of action. Together, the themes reveal that the story had utility, the various attributes that help explain why this is case, how the utility might be maximized, what the stories could do on and for people, and how the narratives can be used to support behavior change. Conclusions The article advances knowledge by revealing the value of narrative as a means for disseminating evidence-based information to people with SCI and to HCPs. It also reveals that stories can be used to facilitate dialogue, teach, remind, reassure, and reinvigorate people. This article is a resource for enabling knowledge to be more effectively shared to different audiences and applying what we know in practice to help people live meaningful lives.

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    Health Psychology
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    Health Psychology
    Article . 2015
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    QSpace
    Other literature type . 2015
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      Health Psychology
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      Health Psychology
      Article . 2015
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      Other literature type . 2015
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    Authors: Katie E. Gunnell; Mathieu Bélanger; Jennifer Brunet;

    OBJECTIVE (a) Examine longitudinal measurement invariance of scores from psychological need satisfaction (PNS) scales, and (b) examine if changes in PNS were associated with change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). METHOD Adolescents (N = 842, Mage = 10.8, SD = .6) enrolled in the Monitoring Activities of Teenagers to Comprehend their Habits (MATCH) study completed measures of PNS and MVPA every 4 months over a 3-year period (2011-14) for a total of 9 times. RESULTS PNS scores demonstrated strong longitudinal measurement invariance (i.e., invariant factor loadings and intercepts). Latent growth curve modeling indicated that a factor representing perceptions of all 3 PNS variables was positively associated with MVPA at Time 1 (β = .562, p < .05), and that increases in the common PNS factor were associated with increases in MVPA (β = .545, p < .05) with a large effect size (Rinitial MVPA2 = .316; Rchange in MVPA2 = .301). In an alternative model, MVPA at Time 1 was associated with perceived common PNS at Time 1 (β = .602, p < .001), and increases in MVPA were associated with increases in common PNS (β = .667, p < .001) with a large effect size (Rinitial PNS2 = .363 of the Rchange in PNS2 = .426). CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal measurement invariance was supported, and therefore PNS scores could be used to study change over time. Further, 2 equally well fitting models were found suggesting that change in PNS can be both an antecedent and an outcome of MVPA. As such, both PNS and MVPA could be targeted in interventions aimed at increasing need satisfaction or MVPA.

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    Health Psychology
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    Health Psychology
    Article . 2016
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      Health Psychology
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      Article . 2016
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  • Authors: Ryan E, Rhodes; Chris M, Blanchard; Cecilia, Benoit; Ryna, Levy-Milne; +3 Authors

    Objective The onset of parenthood has been identified as a critical risk period for physical inactivity, yet limited research has examined the correlates of physical activity (PA) using theoretical models in longitudinal designs with comparison groups of couples without children. The purpose of this study was to predict PA across 12 months among cohorts of couples with and without children using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Method Participants were 314 adults (102 not expecting a child, 136 expecting first child, and 76 expecting second child) who completed baseline demographics, measures of the TPB, and 7-day accelerometry, followed by assessments at six and 12 months. Results Hierarchical linear modeling showed some TPB relationships were moderated by parental status and gender. Most notable, time-varying covariate analyses showed perceived behavioral control and intention decreased for new mothers compared to women without children across time. PA was predicted by intention for all cohorts, and intention was predicted by affective and instrumental attitudes and perceived behavioral control for husbands and wives, whereas subjective norm predicted intention only in husbands. For wives, the relationship between intention and instrumental attitudes and perception of behavioral control varied by parental status, and was larger for couples without children compared to second-time parents. Overall, there was considerable coordination in slopes and intercepts among couples, yet individual cognitions were better predictors than partner cognitions. Conclusion The findings provide helpful information for targeting PA interventions among young adults, and suggest that interventions for new mothers may require greater effort to raise the absolute values of control when compared to women without children.

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    Authors: Katy, Bois; Sophie, Bergeron; Natalie, Rosen; Marie-Hélène, Mayrand; +2 Authors

    Objective. Vulvodynia is a prevalent idiopathic pain condition with deleterious consequences for the sexuality of affected women and their spouses. Intimacy has been identified as a facilitator of adjustment to health difficulties in couples. Two components of intimacy were examined among couples with vulvodynia – empathic response and disclosure – in relation to their sexual satisfaction and sexual distress. Methods. Using an observational design, 50 women (M age= 24.50, SD = 4.03) diagnosed with vulvodynia and their spouses (M age = 26.10, SD = 5.70) participated in a filmed discussion focusing on the impact of vulvodynia on their lives. Empathic response and disclosure were assessed by a trained observer and self-reported by participants after engaging in the discussion. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model guided the data analyses. Results. Women’s and spouses’ higher observed and perceived empathic response were associated with their own and their partners’ greater sexual satisfaction. Women’s and spouses’ higher perceived disclosure were associated with their own and their partners’ greater sexual satisfaction. Women’s and spouses’ higher observed empathic response were associated with their own lower sexual distress. Women’s higher observed empathic response was associated with their spouses’ lower sexual distress. Women and spouses’ perceived greater empathic response were associated with their own lower sexual distress. Women’s and spouses’ greater perceived disclosure during the discussion were associated with their own and their partners’ lower sexual distress. Conclusions. Promoting empathic response and disclosure through couple interventions may buffer against the sexual distress and sexual dissatisfaction of couples coping with vulvodynia. Note de l'éditeur : This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record. / Cet article ne constitue pas la version officielle, et peut différer de la version publiée dans la revue.

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  • Authors: Heather Tulloch; Susan M. Johnson; Natasha Demidenko; Matthew Clyde; +2 Authors

    Couple distress is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, whereas support is associated with heart-healthy behaviors and better CVD outcomes. OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical benefit of the Healing Hearts Together (HHT) intervention, an attachment-based relationship enhancement program for couples in which 1 partner has CVD, on relationship quality, mental health, and quality of life (QoL). METHOD Patients from a tertiary cardiac care center and their partners (N = 78; 39 couples) attended the 8-session HHT group. Participants completed validated, self-report questionnaires pre- and postintervention, including the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the SF-36 (QoL). At intervention completion, participants completed a satisfaction survey. Between-groups comparisons (patient/partner) were examined with analysis of variance. Paired-sample t tests were used to assess changes over time with HHT participation for the complete sample and for patients and partners separately. RESULTS Many participants reported relationship and psychological distress at baseline. Clinically and statistically significant changes from pre to postintervention were observed for relationship distress (DAS: +7.8 points; p < .001; CSI changes [+3.6] were clinically significant) and depression (-1.8; p < .001), whereas statistically significant changes occurred for anxiety (-1.5; p < .001), and physical (+2.1; p = .047) and mental (+3.3; p < .001) QoL. Patients, but not partners, reported statistically significant changes in QoL-mental component summary. Clinically and statistically significant changes were observed for anxiety for partners, but not patients. CONCLUSIONS The HHT intervention was beneficial for patients' and partners' relationship quality, mental health, and QoL. A larger randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of this intervention on relationship quality, mental health and QoL is warranted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

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  • Authors: Ryan E, Rhodes; Ronald C, Plotnikoff;

    Intention is theorized as the proximal determinant of behavior in some theories of motivation, but the need to understand predictors of action control (i.e., translating an intention into behavior) is warranted to tailor physical activity intervention efforts. The purpose of this study was to examine constructs of the transtheoretical model of behavior change (TTM) as predictors of physical activity intention-behavior profiles across 6 months in a large Canadian sample (N = 1,192). Results showed that 5 of the 8 possible intention-behavior profiles had a substantial number of participants: nonintenders, unsuccessful adopters, successful adopters, unsuccessful maintainers, and successful maintainers. Constructs of the TTM distinguished (p < .01) intention-behavior profiles. Self-efficacy and the behavioral processes of change were particularly good predictors of action control (p < .01), but disaggregated beliefs and processes identified specific intervention targets for successful physical activity adoption and maintenance. The results validate that both action planning and action control are important when understanding physical activity behavior.

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    Authors: Seltzer, Marsha Mailick; Barker, Erin T.; Greenberg, Jan S.; Hong, Jinkuk; +2 Authors

    Objective—The premutation of the FMR1 gene (defined as between 55 and 200 CGG repeats) is estimated to affect 1 in 149 females and 1 in 643 males, and some people who carry the FMR1 premutation display signs of impairment. Method—This study focuses on 82 premutation carrier mothers (M age = 51.4 years; SD = 7.7) of adolescent and adult children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). A Gene × Environment interaction approach examined the ways in which the experience of negative life events interacts with genetic vulnerability to predict depressive symptoms, anxiety, and daily cortisol levels. Results—The associations of life events with all 3 dependent measures were associated with CGG repeat length but in a curvilinear manner. Mothers with midsize CGG repeats who experienced above-average numbers of negative life events in the previous year had more depressive symptoms and anxiety and had a blunted cortisol awakening response, as compared with those with higher or lower repeat lengths. However, mothers with midsize CGG repeats who experienced below-average numbers of negative life events in the previous year had the lowest levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety, and they exhibited the typical cortisol response to awakening, meeting the criteria for differential susceptibility. Conclusions—This research extends our understanding of the phenotypic effects of the expansion of the FMR1 gene, and it adds to the growing literature on the curvilinear relationship between CGG repeat length and mental and physical health.

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2011
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    Health Psychology
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    Article . 2012
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      Health Psychology
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  • Authors: Barbara A, Morrongiello; Megan, Sandomierski; Daniel, Zdzieborski; Heather, McCollam;

    Introduction: A video to promote parents' appreciation of young children's risk of injury and need for active supervision was recently developed (Morrongiello, Zdzieborski, Sandomierski, & Lasenby-Lessard, 2009). Integrating this video with tailored activities resulted in the Supervising for Home Safety program. The current randomized, controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of this program for increasing parental appraisals of child-injury risk and the need to actively supervise 2- through 5-year-old children. Method: Parents were recruited throughout the community and randomly assigned to either intervention (content focused on child-injury risks and supervision needs) or control (content focused on child nutrition and exercise) groups, with these balanced for child sex and age. Pre- and postintervention measures of parental appraisals of child-injury risk (vulnerability for injury, potential injury severity, preventability of injury) and supervision (value of active supervision, self-efficacy for actively supervising) were taken. Results: Following exposure to the intervention, appraisals of children's injury risk and parents' need to actively supervise significantly increased in the intervention group but not the control group, and all effects, except change in vulnerability appraisal, persisted for 12 months after exposure to the intervention program. Additional analyses were conducted to explore barriers that parents identified to closely supervising and solutions they suggested to address barriers. Conclusions: The Supervising for Home Safety program produced the desired effects on parental appraisals. It holds promise as a program that may improve parents' supervision practices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en

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    Authors: Fuschia M, Sirois; Christopher G, Davis; Melinda S, Morgan;

    The relations between 3 types of perceived control, symptom severity, and 2 adaptational outcomes, depressive symptoms and psychological well-being, were examined in a sample of 319 people with tinnitus. Consistent with previous studies of control and adjustment to chronic health conditions, general health and symptom control were associated with better psychological adjustment, and retrospective control was associated with worse psychological adjustment. Only symptom control emerged as a significant moderator in the symptom severity-adjustment relationship, such that stronger beliefs in one's ability to control symptoms were most strongly associated with better adjustment among those with more severe tinnitus symptoms. These findings were consistent with coping perspectives and cognitive adaptation theory and suggest that symptom-related perceptions of control may be an effective coping resource to nurture in chronic health contexts with severe symptoms.

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    Health Psychology
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    Article . 2006
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      Health Psychology
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  • Authors: Victoria I. Michalowski; Theresa Pauly; Denis Gerstorf; Maureen C. Ashe; +2 Authors

    OBJECTIVE Positive as well as negative emotional experiences fluctuate and they may be shared between romantic partners. Everyday emotion dynamics in couples may relate to physiological stress responses, with accompanying cortisol secretion being one pathway through which emotional dynamics can "get under the skin." We examined time-varying relationships of one's own as well as one's partner's sadness and contentment with salivary cortisol. We also examined the degree to which perceptions that the respective partner was sharing their feelings moderates these associations. METHOD Both partners of 84 community-dwelling older adult couples (Mage = 71.1 years) provided simultaneous daily life assessments of momentary cortisol, sadness and contentment, and perceptions of shared spousal feelings four times per day over seven consecutive days (up to 28 assessments). RESULTS Momentary cortisol was higher in moments when individuals reported higher sadness, lower contentment, and perceptions that their partner was sharing their feelings less than usual. Cortisol was also higher when the partner reported higher sadness and lower contentment but only when one felt that the partner was sharing their feelings more than usual at that moment in time. CONCLUSIONS This study illuminates a potential pathway (i.e., perceptions of shared spousal feelings) by which not only one's own emotional experiences, but also those of the spouse, are associated with the activation of physiological stress systems as indicated by elevated cortisol in a sample of older couples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Brett Smith; Jennifer R Tomasone; Amy E Latimer-Cheung; Kathleen A. Martin Ginis;

    Objective Theoretically informed by narrative inquiry, this article examines the utility of stories as a possible tool for disseminating synthesized physical activity knowledge to adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) and health care professionals (HCPs) working with this population. It is the first research to systematically examine in this context the use of narratives as a knowledge translation tool. Method Forty-three participants (15 adults with SCI; 13 peer mentors with SCI; and 15 HCPs) individually listened to an evidence-based story set in a rehabilitation hospital about the process of becoming physically active following SCI. Individual telephone interviews were conducted to examine participants' perceptions of the story. Qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic analysis. Results Five themes were inductively identified: (a) effective communication, (b) narrative authenticity, (c) credible messengers, (d) narrative format, and (e) narrative as a form of action. Together, the themes reveal that the story had utility, the various attributes that help explain why this is case, how the utility might be maximized, what the stories could do on and for people, and how the narratives can be used to support behavior change. Conclusions The article advances knowledge by revealing the value of narrative as a means for disseminating evidence-based information to people with SCI and to HCPs. It also reveals that stories can be used to facilitate dialogue, teach, remind, reassure, and reinvigorate people. This article is a resource for enabling knowledge to be more effectively shared to different audiences and applying what we know in practice to help people live meaningful lives.

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    Health Psychology
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    Other literature type . 2015
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      Health Psychology
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      Article . 2015
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    Authors: Katie E. Gunnell; Mathieu Bélanger; Jennifer Brunet;

    OBJECTIVE (a) Examine longitudinal measurement invariance of scores from psychological need satisfaction (PNS) scales, and (b) examine if changes in PNS were associated with change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). METHOD Adolescents (N = 842, Mage = 10.8, SD = .6) enrolled in the Monitoring Activities of Teenagers to Comprehend their Habits (MATCH) study completed measures of PNS and MVPA every 4 months over a 3-year period (2011-14) for a total of 9 times. RESULTS PNS scores demonstrated strong longitudinal measurement invariance (i.e., invariant factor loadings and intercepts). Latent growth curve modeling indicated that a factor representing perceptions of all 3 PNS variables was positively associated with MVPA at Time 1 (β = .562, p < .05), and that increases in the common PNS factor were associated with increases in MVPA (β = .545, p < .05) with a large effect size (Rinitial MVPA2 = .316; Rchange in MVPA2 = .301). In an alternative model, MVPA at Time 1 was associated with perceived common PNS at Time 1 (β = .602, p < .001), and increases in MVPA were associated with increases in common PNS (β = .667, p < .001) with a large effect size (Rinitial PNS2 = .363 of the Rchange in PNS2 = .426). CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal measurement invariance was supported, and therefore PNS scores could be used to study change over time. Further, 2 equally well fitting models were found suggesting that change in PNS can be both an antecedent and an outcome of MVPA. As such, both PNS and MVPA could be targeted in interventions aimed at increasing need satisfaction or MVPA.

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    Health Psychology
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      Health Psychology
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  • Authors: Ryan E, Rhodes; Chris M, Blanchard; Cecilia, Benoit; Ryna, Levy-Milne; +3 Authors

    Objective The onset of parenthood has been identified as a critical risk period for physical inactivity, yet limited research has examined the correlates of physical activity (PA) using theoretical models in longitudinal designs with comparison groups of couples without children. The purpose of this study was to predict PA across 12 months among cohorts of couples with and without children using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Method Participants were 314 adults (102 not expecting a child, 136 expecting first child, and 76 expecting second child) who completed baseline demographics, measures of the TPB, and 7-day accelerometry, followed by assessments at six and 12 months. Results Hierarchical linear modeling showed some TPB relationships were moderated by parental status and gender. Most notable, time-varying covariate analyses showed perceived behavioral control and intention decreased for new mothers compared to women without children across time. PA was predicted by intention for all cohorts, and intention was predicted by affective and instrumental attitudes and perceived behavioral control for husbands and wives, whereas subjective norm predicted intention only in husbands. For wives, the relationship between intention and instrumental attitudes and perception of behavioral control varied by parental status, and was larger for couples without children compared to second-time parents. Overall, there was considerable coordination in slopes and intercepts among couples, yet individual cognitions were better predictors than partner cognitions. Conclusion The findings provide helpful information for targeting PA interventions among young adults, and suggest that interventions for new mothers may require greater effort to raise the absolute values of control when compared to women without children.

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    Authors: Katy, Bois; Sophie, Bergeron; Natalie, Rosen; Marie-Hélène, Mayrand; +2 Authors

    Objective. Vulvodynia is a prevalent idiopathic pain condition with deleterious consequences for the sexuality of affected women and their spouses. Intimacy has been identified as a facilitator of adjustment to health difficulties in couples. Two components of intimacy were examined among couples with vulvodynia – empathic response and disclosure – in relation to their sexual satisfaction and sexual distress. Methods. Using an observational design, 50 women (M age= 24.50, SD = 4.03) diagnosed with vulvodynia and their spouses (M age = 26.10, SD = 5.70) participated in a filmed discussion focusing on the impact of vulvodynia on their lives. Empathic response and disclosure were assessed by a trained observer and self-reported by participants after engaging in the discussion. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model guided the data analyses. Results. Women’s and spouses’ higher observed and perceived empathic response were associated with their own and their partners’ greater sexual satisfaction. Women’s and spouses’ higher perceived disclosure were associated with their own and their partners’ greater sexual satisfaction. Women’s and spouses’ higher observed empathic response were associated with their own lower sexual distress. Women’s higher observed empathic response was associated with their spouses’ lower sexual distress. Women and spouses’ perceived greater empathic response were associated with their own lower sexual distress. Women’s and spouses’ greater perceived disclosure during the discussion were associated with their own and their partners’ lower sexual distress. Conclusions. Promoting empathic response and disclosure through couple interventions may buffer against the sexual distress and sexual dissatisfaction of couples coping with vulvodynia. Note de l'éditeur : This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record. / Cet article ne constitue pas la version officielle, et peut différer de la version publiée dans la revue.

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  • Authors: Heather Tulloch; Susan M. Johnson; Natasha Demidenko; Matthew Clyde; +2 Authors

    Couple distress is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, whereas support is associated with heart-healthy behaviors and better CVD outcomes. OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical benefit of the Healing Hearts Together (HHT) intervention, an attachment-based relationship enhancement program for couples in which 1 partner has CVD, on relationship quality, mental health, and quality of life (QoL). METHOD Patients from a tertiary cardiac care center and their partners (N = 78; 39 couples) attended the 8-session HHT group. Participants completed validated, self-report questionnaires pre- and postintervention, including the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the SF-36 (QoL). At intervention completion, participants completed a satisfaction survey. Between-groups comparisons (patient/partner) were examined with analysis of variance. Paired-sample t tests were used to assess changes over time with HHT participation for the complete sample and for patients and partners separately. RESULTS Many participants reported relationship and psychological distress at baseline. Clinically and statistically significant changes from pre to postintervention were observed for relationship distress (DAS: +7.8 points; p < .001; CSI changes [+3.6] were clinically significant) and depression (-1.8; p < .001), whereas statistically significant changes occurred for anxiety (-1.5; p < .001), and physical (+2.1; p = .047) and mental (+3.3; p < .001) QoL. Patients, but not partners, reported statistically significant changes in QoL-mental component summary. Clinically and statistically significant changes were observed for anxiety for partners, but not patients. CONCLUSIONS The HHT intervention was beneficial for patients' and partners' relationship quality, mental health, and QoL. A larger randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of this intervention on relationship quality, mental health and QoL is warranted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

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  • Authors: Ryan E, Rhodes; Ronald C, Plotnikoff;

    Intention is theorized as the proximal determinant of behavior in some theories of motivation, but the need to understand predictors of action control (i.e., translating an intention into behavior) is warranted to tailor physical activity intervention efforts. The purpose of this study was to examine constructs of the transtheoretical model of behavior change (TTM) as predictors of physical activity intention-behavior profiles across 6 months in a large Canadian sample (N = 1,192). Results showed that 5 of the 8 possible intention-behavior profiles had a substantial number of participants: nonintenders, unsuccessful adopters, successful adopters, unsuccessful maintainers, and successful maintainers. Constructs of the TTM distinguished (p < .01) intention-behavior profiles. Self-efficacy and the behavioral processes of change were particularly good predictors of action control (p < .01), but disaggregated beliefs and processes identified specific intervention targets for successful physical activity adoption and maintenance. The results validate that both action planning and action control are important when understanding physical activity behavior.

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