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  • Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
  • Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lyall, Andrea; Nelson, Harry; Rosenblum, Daisy; Turin, Mark;

    International audience; This paper describes the process and outcomes of a project focused on community centred reclamation of plant-based knowledge in the Kwak̓wala language from previously published materials as well as new documentation with Kwak̓wala speaking Elders. The paper describes our research process resulting in the documentation of 300 plant word names and phrases, starting with 135 plants with names and words in Kwak̓wala that had been documented between the late 19th and early 20th century by Franz Boas and George Hunt, subsequently added to and enriched by community members and academics. An audio-visual dictionary of these plant names and associated phrases is now available through the FirstVoices web portal (http://bit.ly/LDC_FirstVoices). The corresponding author initiated the work and then further developed the research in collaboration with Kwakwa̱ka̱’wakw fluent speakers, linguists, biologists, and the U’mista Cultural Society. The project has stimulated interest among community members who provided valuable feedback on the different ways in which this research can be further accessed and then delivered. The paper concludes with some structured reflections on how to proceed in community-led research projects such as this. The authors see further opportunity for continued cross-disciplinary and community-based research.

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    ZENODO
    Article . 2019
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Article . 2019
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
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      ZENODO
      Article . 2019
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Article . 2019
      License: CC BY
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Chang Xu; Sabrina Di Lonardo Burr; Jo-Anne LeFevre; Sheri-Lynn Skwarchuk; +7 Authors

    Is the development of number line estimation (NLE) similar across regions? Data from Canada (Quebec, n = 67, Mage = 7.9 years; Manitoba, n = 177, Mage = 7.8 years), Chile (n = 81, Mage = 7.9 years), and Northern Ireland (n = 171, Mage = 7.3 years) were analyzed. Twice, approximately one year apart, students completed a 0–1000 NLE task and other mathematical tasks. Using latent profile analysis, students’ estimates were classified as belonging to either a uniform or variable profile. At Time 1, estimation accuracy differed across regions, but at Time 2, patterns of performance were similar. Regional variations in improvements were related to curricular demands. Moreover, mini meta-analyses of the associations between NLE and other mathematical tasks revealed medium effect sizes. Overall, the NLE task can provide insights into concurrent and longitudinal mathematics achievement, but educational experiences should be considered when comparing performance across regions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Cognitive Developmen...arrow_drop_down
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    Cognitive Development
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Cognitive Development
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Philippe De Donder; Marie-Louise Leroux;

    AbstractWe study the demand for Long Term Care (LTC hereafter) insurance in a setting where agents have state‐dependent preferences over both a daily life consumption good and LTC expenditures. We assume that dependency creates a demand for LTC expenditures while decreasing the marginal utility of daily life consumption, for any given consumption level. Agents optimize over their consumption of both goods as well as over the amount of LTC insurance (LTCI). We first show that some agents optimally choose not to insure themselves, while no agent wishes to buy complete insurance, in accordance with the so‐called LTCI puzzle. At equilibrium, the transfer received from the insurer covers only a fraction of the LTC expenditures. The demand for LTCI need not increase with income when preferences are non state‐dependent or insurance is actuarially unfair. Also, preferences have to be state‐dependent with no insurance bought to rationalize the empirical observation of a higher marginal utility at equilibrium when autonomous. Finally, focusing on iso‐elastic preferences, we recover the empirical observation that health/LTC expenditures are not very sensitive to income, and we show that LTCI as a fraction of income should decrease with income and then become nil above a threshold.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Toulouse 1 Capitole ...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Health Economics
    Article . 2021
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
    Data sources: Crossref
    Health Economics
    Article . 2021
    SSRN Electronic Journal
    Article . 2019
    Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Côté, Denyse;

    International audience; Depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir du Parti québécois en 1994, les politiques publiques ont été conçues de façon à continuer la restructuration néolibérale de l’État amorcée par les Libéraux, tout en y ajoutant certaines caractéristiques propres à la social-démocratie. Le gouvernement du Québec doit en effet composer avec des mouvements sociaux forts dont il requiert l’appui pour son projet nationaliste. Son aile gauche est très articulée et plusieurs députés et ministres sont même issus des rangs des organisations populaires,syndicales et des groupes de femmes.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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    Hyper Article en Ligne
    Other literature type . 2005
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    Other literature type . 2005
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      Hyper Article en Ligne
      Other literature type . 2005
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  • Authors: Millerand, Florence;

    International audience; Contemporary network-based technological developments in the sciences draw attention to new forms of work, or even new categories of workers. Based on an ethnographic study of an American ecological research network, this paper focuses on the work of information managers, the "invisible technicians" who are in charge of managing scientific data in laboratories. The paper shows how the development of a large-scale database project goes hand in hand with processes of establishing different degrees of visibility for information managers and their work, It discusses issues related to the invisibility of data documentation work, particularly this invisibility's impact on scientific knowledge processes. The invisibility of information managers appears to be related to a fundamental aspect of their work, « articulation work », characterized by activities of bricolage, translation and deletion. The invisible work of data management and documentation is that of endlessly redoing and reinventing.; El desarrollo tecnológico contemporáneo, específicamente de infraestructuras numéricas, permite observar nuevas formas de trabajo, incluso nuevas categorías de trabajadores, en el contexto científico. Basado en un estudio etnográfico de una red estadounidense de investigadores de ecología, este artículo se centra en el trabajo de los gestores de información (information managers), “técnicos invisibles” responsables de la gestión de datos científicos en los laboratorios. El estudio demuestra cómo el desarrollo de una gran base de datos viene acompañado de procesos de puesta en visibilidad e invisibilidad de los gestores de información y su trabajo. Además, examina los problemas de la puesta en invisibilidad de las actividades de documentación de datos en particular, sobre los procesos de producción de conocimientos científicos. La invisibilidad de los gestores de información parece vinculada a un aspecto fundamental de su trabajo, en este caso a un “trabajo de articulación” caracterizado por actividades de bricolaje, traducción y borrado. El trabajo de esas “pequeñas manos” que realizan la gestión y la documentación de datos en ciencias se rehace y reinventa constantemente.; Les développements technologiques contemporains en matière d’infrastructures numériques permettent d’observer de nouvelles formes de travail, voire de nouvelles catégories de travailleurs, dans les milieux scientifiques. Basé sur une étude ethnographique d’un réseau américain de chercheurs en écologie, cet article s’attache au travail des gestionnaires d’information (information managers), « techniciens invisibles » responsables de la gestion des données scientifiques au sein des laboratoires. Il montre comment le développement d’un projet de très grande base de données s’accompagne de processus de mise en visibilité et invisibilité des gestionnaires d’information et de leur travail, et discute des enjeux de la mise en invisibilité des activités de documentation des données en particulier, sur les processus de production des connaissances scientifiques. L’invisibilité des gestionnaires d’information apparaît reliée à un aspect fondamental de leur travail, en l’occurrence un « travail d’articulation » caractérisé par des activités de bricolage, de traduction et d’effacement. Le travail des petites mains de la gestion et de la documentation des données dans les sciences est sans cesse à refaire et à réinventer.

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    Authors: Bouffard, Thérèse; Marquis-Trudeau, Audrey; Bonneville-Roussy, Arielle; Vezeau, Carole; +1 Authors

    International audience; To feel unconditional love and acceptance from parents is a need which fundamental character is widely recognized. This article presents the results of a longitudinal study which first objective is to identify trajectories of change in perceived parental support conditional on academic success over a 5-year period. The second objective examines whether students’ gender, mental ability, and parental education predict membership in the trajectories and the third examines whether students’ academic functioning differs according to their membership to different trajectories 1 year later, when they were in Secondary 5. A sample of 776 students (371 males) reported their perception of conditional parental support yearly from grade 6 to Secondary 4. In Secondary 5, they answered a questionnaire on their academic motivation, self-regulation, test anxiety and intention to drop out. Teachers also reported their perceptions of the participating students’ academic motivation and self-regulation and rated their academic performance. Results of latent class growth analysis (LCGA) shows that the most optimal model identified three patterns of change in students’ perceptions of their parents’ conditional support. Students’ gender, mental ability, and parental education do not predict membership in trajectories. Results of the BCH procedure indicate that whether self-reported or teacher-reported, the academic functioning of students in the low perceived conditional support trajectory was superior to that in the other two trajectories. These results add evidence that parents can have a long-term impact on children’s academic functioning and underscore the need to educate parents about the importance of avoiding associating their support and regard with their child’s academic performance.

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    Frontiers in Education
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2023
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      Frontiers in Education
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Gordon Pennycook; Jonathon McPhetres; Bence Bago; David G. Rand;

    What are the psychological consequences of the increasingly politicized nature of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States relative to similar Western countries? In a two-wave study completed early (March) and later (December) in the pandemic, we found that polarization was greater in the United States ( N = 1,339) than in Canada ( N = 644) and the United Kingdom. ( N = 1,283). Political conservatism in the United States was strongly associated with engaging in weaker mitigation behaviors, lower COVID-19 risk perceptions, greater misperceptions, and stronger vaccination hesitancy. Although there was some evidence that cognitive sophistication was associated with increased polarization in the United States in December (but not March), cognitive sophistication was nonetheless consistently negatively correlated with misperceptions and vaccination hesitancy across time, countries, and party lines. Furthermore, COVID-19 skepticism in the United States was strongly correlated with distrust in liberal-leaning mainstream news outlets and trust in conservative-leaning news outlets, suggesting that polarization may be driven by differences in information environments.

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    Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
      Article . 2021
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    Authors: Keith Head; Thierry Mayer;

    AbstractWith increasing sophistication, economists have been estimating gravity equations for five decades. Robust evidence shows that borders and distance impede trade by much more than tariffs or transports costs can explain. We therefore advocate investigation of other sources of resistance, despite the greater difficult involved in measuring and modelling them. From our selective review of recent findings, a unifying explanation emerges. A legacy of historical isolation and conflict forged a world economy in which neither tastes nor information are homogeneously distributed. Cultural difference and inadequate information manifest themselves most strongly at national borders and over distance.

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    Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique
    Article . 2013
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    Authors: Rindorf, Anna; Dichmont, Catherine M.; Thorson, James; Charles, Anthony; +19 Authors

    Peer-reviewed. This is a open access article accepted for publication in ICES Journal of Marine Science following peer review. Rindorf, A., Dichmont, C. M., Thorson, J., Charles, A., Clausen, L. W., Degnbol, P., …Reid, D. G. ... Voss, R. (2017). Inclusion of ecological, economic, social, and institutional considerations when setting targets and limits for multispecies fisheries. ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal Du Conseil. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw226 is available online at: https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/74/2/453/2962394 doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsw226 Targets and limits for long-term management are used in fisheries advice to operationalize the way management reflects societal priorities on ecological, economic, social and institutional aspects. This study reflects on the available published literature as well as new research presented at the international ICES/Myfish symposium on targets and limits for long term fisheries management. We examine the inclusion of ecological, economic, social and institutional objectives in fisheries management, with the aim of progressing towards including all four objectives when setting management targets or limits, or both, for multispecies fisheries. The topics covered include ecological, economic, social and governance objectives in fisheries management, consistent approaches to management, uncertainty and variability, and fisheries governance. We end by identifying ten ways to more effectively include multiple objectives in setting targets and limits in ecosystem based fisheries management.

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  • Authors: Soldo, Edina;

    The HDR manuscript supported by Edina Soldo on 13 October 2018 is the result of a retrospective and thematic analysis of her public management research work over the past fifteen years. Structured in 2 chapters, it proposes a new reading perspective, highlighting the originality and main contributions of these researches. The first chapter is an opportunity to develop her conception of public management anchored in management sciences bu also instructed by the use of related disciplines (such as law, economics or political science in particular). These studies are part of a critique of the dominant paradigm of New Public Management (NPM). The universalist nature of the solutions it promotes makes it ineffective in a context of historical, institutional and cultural contingencies, specific to the diversity of contemporary societies. Moreover, its supposed normative neutrality and its apparent intention to disconnect managerial interpretative frameworks from the issue of political values at the basis of public management, is undoubtedly its main weakness in the light of the current democratic crisis. Thus, due to a contingent and territorialized approach to issues relating to the development and implementation of public actions, the researches presented mainly mobilizes the theoretical framework of strategic territorial management (STM), whose conceptual contributions now represent a real renewal of public management. In so doing, these researches belongs to the emerging paradigm of public value management and offer an interesting reflection on the notion of democratic public management. The second chapter returns to the particularities of the cultural territorial project, central object of these researches. This object is particularly rich and generates innovative managerial practices. In particular, it highlights how the impacts of a territorial cultural project can be multidimensional, contributing to enhancing the attractiveness of local places, beyond the simple economic and marketing dimensions traditionally analysed. These researches have thus led to the formalization of a reference framework for evaluating these impacts in terms of Sustainable Territorial Attractiveness (STA) by integrating criteria relating to the political, social and civic impacts of the longer term.Nevertheless, while cultural projects are now regularly mobilized as key elements in the deployment of territorial strategies, two concepts dealing with their implementation largely determine their success: their territorial anchoring and democratic management. Beyond these conceptual contributions, the researches presented have also led to the progressive elaboration of an original methodological protocol, regularly applied in the context of territorialized evaluation approaches. In order to adapt evaluative practice to the contingencies of territorial strategies, it was necessary to redesign the evaluation techniques and tools traditionally used in the field of public management. The formalization of a new strategic evaluation protocol, to accompany the democratic management of territorial projects, is one of the most original contributions of these researches. By adopting a pragmatic epistemological posture, this protocol is anchored in a transversal action-research approach involving a research design using mixed methods.; Le manuscrit d’HDR soutenu par Edina Soldo le 13 octobre 2018 est le fruit de l’analyse rétrospective et thématique de ses travaux de recherche en management public menés ces quinze dernières années. Structuré en 2 chapitres, il en propose une lecture dans une perspective nouvelle, en dégageant l’originalité et les principaux apports de ces recherches. Le premier chapitre est l’occasion de développer sa conception du management public ancrée en sciences de gestion mais également instruite par le recours à des disciplines connexes (comme le droit, l’économie ou les sciences politiques notamment). Ces recherches s’inscrivent dans une critique du paradigme dominant du New Public Management (NPM). Le caractère universaliste des solutions qu’il promeut le rend en effet inopérant dans un contexte de contingence historique, institutionnelle et culturelle propre à la diversité des sociétés contemporaines. En outre, sa neutralité normative supposée et son apparente intention de déconnecter les cadres interprétatifs gestionnaires de la problématique des valeurs politiques au fondement du management public, constitue sans doute sa principale faiblesse au regard de la crise démocratique actuelle. Ainsi, du fait d’une approche contingente et territorialisée des problématiques relatives à l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre des politiques et des actions publiques, les recherches présentées mobilisent principalement le courant théorique du management territorial stratégique (MTS), dont les apports conceptuels représentent aujourd’hui un réel renouvellement du management public. Ce faisant, elles se positionnent dans le paradigme émergent de la gestion de la valeur publique et offrent une réflexion intéressante sur la notion de management public démocratique. Le second chapitre revient sur les particularités du projet culturel de territoire, objet central de ces recherches, qui se révèle particulièrement riche et générateur de pratiques managériales innovantes. Il souligne notamment en quoi les impacts d’un projet culturel de territoire sont multidimensionnels, contribuant à renforcer l’attractivité des territoires, au-delà des simples dimensions économique et marketing traditionnellement analysées. Intégrant des critères relatifs aux impacts politiques, sociaux et citoyens de plus long-terme, les recherches menées ont ainsi conduit à formaliser un référentiel d’évaluation de ces impacts en termes d’Attractivité Territoriale Durable (ATD). Pour autant, si les projets culturels se voient aujourd’hui régulièrement mobilisés comme éléments clés du déploiement de stratégies territoriales, deux concepts relatifs à leur mise en œuvre, en conditionnent très largement la réussite : leur ancrage territorial et leur gestion démocratique. Au-delà de ces apports conceptuels, les recherches présentées ont également conduit à la structuration progressive d’un protocole méthodologique original, régulièrement appliqué dans le cadre de démarches évaluatives d’actions publiques territorialisées. Afin d’adapter la pratique évaluative aux contingences des stratégies territoriales, il a été nécessaire de remanier les techniques et outils d’évaluation traditionnellement mobilisés dans le champ du management public. La formalisation d’un protocole inédit d’évaluation stratégique, permettant d’accompagner la gestion démocratique de projets de territoire, constitue ainsi l’un des apports les plus originaux de ces recherches. Adoptant une posture épistémologique pragmatique, ce protocole s’ancre dans une démarche transversale de recherche-action mobilisant un design de recherche en méthodes mixtes.

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    Authors: Lyall, Andrea; Nelson, Harry; Rosenblum, Daisy; Turin, Mark;

    International audience; This paper describes the process and outcomes of a project focused on community centred reclamation of plant-based knowledge in the Kwak̓wala language from previously published materials as well as new documentation with Kwak̓wala speaking Elders. The paper describes our research process resulting in the documentation of 300 plant word names and phrases, starting with 135 plants with names and words in Kwak̓wala that had been documented between the late 19th and early 20th century by Franz Boas and George Hunt, subsequently added to and enriched by community members and academics. An audio-visual dictionary of these plant names and associated phrases is now available through the FirstVoices web portal (http://bit.ly/LDC_FirstVoices). The corresponding author initiated the work and then further developed the research in collaboration with Kwakwa̱ka̱’wakw fluent speakers, linguists, biologists, and the U’mista Cultural Society. The project has stimulated interest among community members who provided valuable feedback on the different ways in which this research can be further accessed and then delivered. The paper concludes with some structured reflections on how to proceed in community-led research projects such as this. The authors see further opportunity for continued cross-disciplinary and community-based research.

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    Authors: Chang Xu; Sabrina Di Lonardo Burr; Jo-Anne LeFevre; Sheri-Lynn Skwarchuk; +7 Authors

    Is the development of number line estimation (NLE) similar across regions? Data from Canada (Quebec, n = 67, Mage = 7.9 years; Manitoba, n = 177, Mage = 7.8 years), Chile (n = 81, Mage = 7.9 years), and Northern Ireland (n = 171, Mage = 7.3 years) were analyzed. Twice, approximately one year apart, students completed a 0–1000 NLE task and other mathematical tasks. Using latent profile analysis, students’ estimates were classified as belonging to either a uniform or variable profile. At Time 1, estimation accuracy differed across regions, but at Time 2, patterns of performance were similar. Regional variations in improvements were related to curricular demands. Moreover, mini meta-analyses of the associations between NLE and other mathematical tasks revealed medium effect sizes. Overall, the NLE task can provide insights into concurrent and longitudinal mathematics achievement, but educational experiences should be considered when comparing performance across regions.

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      Cognitive Development
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    Authors: Philippe De Donder; Marie-Louise Leroux;

    AbstractWe study the demand for Long Term Care (LTC hereafter) insurance in a setting where agents have state‐dependent preferences over both a daily life consumption good and LTC expenditures. We assume that dependency creates a demand for LTC expenditures while decreasing the marginal utility of daily life consumption, for any given consumption level. Agents optimize over their consumption of both goods as well as over the amount of LTC insurance (LTCI). We first show that some agents optimally choose not to insure themselves, while no agent wishes to buy complete insurance, in accordance with the so‐called LTCI puzzle. At equilibrium, the transfer received from the insurer covers only a fraction of the LTC expenditures. The demand for LTCI need not increase with income when preferences are non state‐dependent or insurance is actuarially unfair. Also, preferences have to be state‐dependent with no insurance bought to rationalize the empirical observation of a higher marginal utility at equilibrium when autonomous. Finally, focusing on iso‐elastic preferences, we recover the empirical observation that health/LTC expenditures are not very sensitive to income, and we show that LTCI as a fraction of income should decrease with income and then become nil above a threshold.

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    Health Economics
    Article . 2021
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    Health Economics
    Article . 2021
    SSRN Electronic Journal
    Article . 2019
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    Authors: Côté, Denyse;

    International audience; Depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir du Parti québécois en 1994, les politiques publiques ont été conçues de façon à continuer la restructuration néolibérale de l’État amorcée par les Libéraux, tout en y ajoutant certaines caractéristiques propres à la social-démocratie. Le gouvernement du Québec doit en effet composer avec des mouvements sociaux forts dont il requiert l’appui pour son projet nationaliste. Son aile gauche est très articulée et plusieurs députés et ministres sont même issus des rangs des organisations populaires,syndicales et des groupes de femmes.

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  • Authors: Millerand, Florence;

    International audience; Contemporary network-based technological developments in the sciences draw attention to new forms of work, or even new categories of workers. Based on an ethnographic study of an American ecological research network, this paper focuses on the work of information managers, the "invisible technicians" who are in charge of managing scientific data in laboratories. The paper shows how the development of a large-scale database project goes hand in hand with processes of establishing different degrees of visibility for information managers and their work, It discusses issues related to the invisibility of data documentation work, particularly this invisibility's impact on scientific knowledge processes. The invisibility of information managers appears to be related to a fundamental aspect of their work, « articulation work », characterized by activities of bricolage, translation and deletion. The invisible work of data management and documentation is that of endlessly redoing and reinventing.; El desarrollo tecnológico contemporáneo, específicamente de infraestructuras numéricas, permite observar nuevas formas de trabajo, incluso nuevas categorías de trabajadores, en el contexto científico. Basado en un estudio etnográfico de una red estadounidense de investigadores de ecología, este artículo se centra en el trabajo de los gestores de información (information managers), “técnicos invisibles” responsables de la gestión de datos científicos en los laboratorios. El estudio demuestra cómo el desarrollo de una gran base de datos viene acompañado de procesos de puesta en visibilidad e invisibilidad de los gestores de información y su trabajo. Además, examina los problemas de la puesta en invisibilidad de las actividades de documentación de datos en particular, sobre los procesos de producción de conocimientos científicos. La invisibilidad de los gestores de información parece vinculada a un aspecto fundamental de su trabajo, en este caso a un “trabajo de articulación” caracterizado por actividades de bricolaje, traducción y borrado. El trabajo de esas “pequeñas manos” que realizan la gestión y la documentación de datos en ciencias se rehace y reinventa constantemente.; Les développements technologiques contemporains en matière d’infrastructures numériques permettent d’observer de nouvelles formes de travail, voire de nouvelles catégories de travailleurs, dans les milieux scientifiques. Basé sur une étude ethnographique d’un réseau américain de chercheurs en écologie, cet article s’attache au travail des gestionnaires d’information (information managers), « techniciens invisibles » responsables de la gestion des données scientifiques au sein des laboratoires. Il montre comment le développement d’un projet de très grande base de données s’accompagne de processus de mise en visibilité et invisibilité des gestionnaires d’information et de leur travail, et discute des enjeux de la mise en invisibilité des activités de documentation des données en particulier, sur les processus de production des connaissances scientifiques. L’invisibilité des gestionnaires d’information apparaît reliée à un aspect fondamental de leur travail, en l’occurrence un « travail d’articulation » caractérisé par des activités de bricolage, de traduction et d’effacement. Le travail des petites mains de la gestion et de la documentation des données dans les sciences est sans cesse à refaire et à réinventer.

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    Authors: Bouffard, Thérèse; Marquis-Trudeau, Audrey; Bonneville-Roussy, Arielle; Vezeau, Carole; +1 Authors

    International audience; To feel unconditional love and acceptance from parents is a need which fundamental character is widely recognized. This article presents the results of a longitudinal study which first objective is to identify trajectories of change in perceived parental support conditional on academic success over a 5-year period. The second objective examines whether students’ gender, mental ability, and parental education predict membership in the trajectories and the third examines whether students’ academic functioning differs according to their membership to different trajectories 1 year later, when they were in Secondary 5. A sample of 776 students (371 males) reported their perception of conditional parental support yearly from grade 6 to Secondary 4. In Secondary 5, they answered a questionnaire on their academic motivation, self-regulation, test anxiety and intention to drop out. Teachers also reported their perceptions of the participating students’ academic motivation and self-regulation and rated their academic performance. Results of latent class growth analysis (LCGA) shows that the most optimal model identified three patterns of change in students’ perceptions of their parents’ conditional support. Students’ gender, mental ability, and parental education do not predict membership in trajectories. Results of the BCH procedure indicate that whether self-reported or teacher-reported, the academic functioning of students in the low perceived conditional support trajectory was superior to that in the other two trajectories. These results add evidence that parents can have a long-term impact on children’s academic functioning and underscore the need to educate parents about the importance of avoiding associating their support and regard with their child’s academic performance.

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    Frontiers in Education
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      Frontiers in Education
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    Authors: Gordon Pennycook; Jonathon McPhetres; Bence Bago; David G. Rand;

    What are the psychological consequences of the increasingly politicized nature of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States relative to similar Western countries? In a two-wave study completed early (March) and later (December) in the pandemic, we found that polarization was greater in the United States ( N = 1,339) than in Canada ( N = 644) and the United Kingdom. ( N = 1,283). Political conservatism in the United States was strongly associated with engaging in weaker mitigation behaviors, lower COVID-19 risk perceptions, greater misperceptions, and stronger vaccination hesitancy. Although there was some evidence that cognitive sophistication was associated with increased polarization in the United States in December (but not March), cognitive sophistication was nonetheless consistently negatively correlated with misperceptions and vaccination hesitancy across time, countries, and party lines. Furthermore, COVID-19 skepticism in the United States was strongly correlated with distrust in liberal-leaning mainstream news outlets and trust in conservative-leaning news outlets, suggesting that polarization may be driven by differences in information environments.

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    Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
    Article . 2021
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      Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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    Authors: Keith Head; Thierry Mayer;

    AbstractWith increasing sophistication, economists have been estimating gravity equations for five decades. Robust evidence shows that borders and distance impede trade by much more than tariffs or transports costs can explain. We therefore advocate investigation of other sources of resistance, despite the greater difficult involved in measuring and modelling them. From our selective review of recent findings, a unifying explanation emerges. A legacy of historical isolation and conflict forged a world economy in which neither tastes nor information are homogeneously distributed. Cultural difference and inadequate information manifest themselves most strongly at national borders and over distance.

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    Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique
    Article . 2013
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    Authors: Rindorf, Anna; Dichmont, Catherine M.; Thorson, James; Charles, Anthony; +19 Authors

    Peer-reviewed. This is a open access article accepted for publication in ICES Journal of Marine Science following peer review. Rindorf, A., Dichmont, C. M., Thorson, J., Charles, A., Clausen, L. W., Degnbol, P., …Reid, D. G. ... Voss, R. (2017). Inclusion of ecological, economic, social, and institutional considerations when setting targets and limits for multispecies fisheries. ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal Du Conseil. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw226 is available online at: https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/74/2/453/2962394 doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsw226 Targets and limits for long-term management are used in fisheries advice to operationalize the way management reflects societal priorities on ecological, economic, social and institutional aspects. This study reflects on the available published literature as well as new research presented at the international ICES/Myfish symposium on targets and limits for long term fisheries management. We examine the inclusion of ecological, economic, social and institutional objectives in fisheries management, with the aim of progressing towards including all four objectives when setting management targets or limits, or both, for multispecies fisheries. The topics covered include ecological, economic, social and governance objectives in fisheries management, consistent approaches to management, uncertainty and variability, and fisheries governance. We end by identifying ten ways to more effectively include multiple objectives in setting targets and limits in ecosystem based fisheries management.

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  • Authors: Soldo, Edina;

    The HDR manuscript supported by Edina Soldo on 13 October 2018 is the result of a retrospective and thematic analysis of her public management research work over the past fifteen years. Structured in 2 chapters, it proposes a new reading perspective, highlighting the originality and main contributions of these researches. The first chapter is an opportunity to develop her conception of public management anchored in management sciences bu also instructed by the use of related disciplines (such as law, economics or political science in particular). These studies are part of a critique of the dominant paradigm of New Public Management (NPM). The universalist nature of the solutions it promotes makes it ineffective in a context of historical, institutional and cultural contingencies, specific to the diversity of contemporary societies. Moreover, its supposed normative neutrality and its apparent intention to disconnect managerial interpretative frameworks from the issue of political values at the basis of public management, is undoubtedly its main weakness in the light of the current democratic crisis. Thus, due to a contingent and territorialized approach to issues relating to the development and implementation of public actions, the researches presented mainly mobilizes the theoretical framework of strategic territorial management (STM), whose conceptual contributions now represent a real renewal of public management. In so doing, these researches belongs to the emerging paradigm of public value management and offer an interesting reflection on the notion of democratic public management. The second chapter returns to the particularities of the cultural territorial project, central object of these researches. This object is particularly rich and generates innovative managerial practices. In particular, it highlights how the impacts of a territorial cultural project can be multidimensional, contributing to enhancing the attractiveness of local places, beyond the simple economic and marketing dimensions traditionally analysed. These researches have thus led to the formalization of a reference framework for evaluating these impacts in terms of Sustainable Territorial Attractiveness (STA) by integrating criteria relating to the political, social and civic impacts of the longer term.Nevertheless, while cultural projects are now regularly mobilized as key elements in the deployment of territorial strategies, two concepts dealing with their implementation largely determine their success: their territorial anchoring and democratic management. Beyond these conceptual contributions, the researches presented have also led to the progressive elaboration of an original methodological protocol, regularly applied in the context of territorialized evaluation approaches. In order to adapt evaluative practice to the contingencies of territorial strategies, it was necessary to redesign the evaluation techniques and tools traditionally used in the field of public management. The formalization of a new strategic evaluation protocol, to accompany the democratic management of territorial projects, is one of the most original contributions of these researches. By adopting a pragmatic epistemological posture, this protocol is anchored in a transversal action-research approach involving a research design using mixed methods.; Le manuscrit d’HDR soutenu par Edina Soldo le 13 octobre 2018 est le fruit de l’analyse rétrospective et thématique de ses travaux de recherche en management public menés ces quinze dernières années. Structuré en 2 chapitres, il en propose une lecture dans une perspective nouvelle, en dégageant l’originalité et les principaux apports de ces recherches. Le premier chapitre est l’occasion de développer sa conception du management public ancrée en sciences de gestion mais également instruite par le recours à des disciplines connexes (comme le droit, l’économie ou les sciences politiques notamment). Ces recherches s’inscrivent dans une critique du paradigme dominant du New Public Management (NPM). Le caractère universaliste des solutions qu’il promeut le rend en effet inopérant dans un contexte de contingence historique, institutionnelle et culturelle propre à la diversité des sociétés contemporaines. En outre, sa neutralité normative supposée et son apparente intention de déconnecter les cadres interprétatifs gestionnaires de la problématique des valeurs politiques au fondement du management public, constitue sans doute sa principale faiblesse au regard de la crise démocratique actuelle. Ainsi, du fait d’une approche contingente et territorialisée des problématiques relatives à l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre des politiques et des actions publiques, les recherches présentées mobilisent principalement le courant théorique du management territorial stratégique (MTS), dont les apports conceptuels représentent aujourd’hui un réel renouvellement du management public. Ce faisant, elles se positionnent dans le paradigme émergent de la gestion de la valeur publique et offrent une réflexion intéressante sur la notion de management public démocratique. Le second chapitre revient sur les particularités du projet culturel de territoire, objet central de ces recherches, qui se révèle particulièrement riche et générateur de pratiques managériales innovantes. Il souligne notamment en quoi les impacts d’un projet culturel de territoire sont multidimensionnels, contribuant à renforcer l’attractivité des territoires, au-delà des simples dimensions économique et marketing traditionnellement analysées. Intégrant des critères relatifs aux impacts politiques, sociaux et citoyens de plus long-terme, les recherches menées ont ainsi conduit à formaliser un référentiel d’évaluation de ces impacts en termes d’Attractivité Territoriale Durable (ATD). Pour autant, si les projets culturels se voient aujourd’hui régulièrement mobilisés comme éléments clés du déploiement de stratégies territoriales, deux concepts relatifs à leur mise en œuvre, en conditionnent très largement la réussite : leur ancrage territorial et leur gestion démocratique. Au-delà de ces apports conceptuels, les recherches présentées ont également conduit à la structuration progressive d’un protocole méthodologique original, régulièrement appliqué dans le cadre de démarches évaluatives d’actions publiques territorialisées. Afin d’adapter la pratique évaluative aux contingences des stratégies territoriales, il a été nécessaire de remanier les techniques et outils d’évaluation traditionnellement mobilisés dans le champ du management public. La formalisation d’un protocole inédit d’évaluation stratégique, permettant d’accompagner la gestion démocratique de projets de territoire, constitue ainsi l’un des apports les plus originaux de ces recherches. Adoptant une posture épistémologique pragmatique, ce protocole s’ancre dans une démarche transversale de recherche-action mobilisant un design de recherche en méthodes mixtes.

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