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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lyall, Andrea; Nelson, Harry; Rosenblum, Daisy; Turin, Mark;

    International audience; This paper describes the process and outcomes of a project focused on community centred reclamation of plant-based knowledge in the Kwak̓wala language from previously published materials as well as new documentation with Kwak̓wala speaking Elders. The paper describes our research process resulting in the documentation of 300 plant word names and phrases, starting with 135 plants with names and words in Kwak̓wala that had been documented between the late 19th and early 20th century by Franz Boas and George Hunt, subsequently added to and enriched by community members and academics. An audio-visual dictionary of these plant names and associated phrases is now available through the FirstVoices web portal (http://bit.ly/LDC_FirstVoices). The corresponding author initiated the work and then further developed the research in collaboration with Kwakwa̱ka̱’wakw fluent speakers, linguists, biologists, and the U’mista Cultural Society. The project has stimulated interest among community members who provided valuable feedback on the different ways in which this research can be further accessed and then delivered. The paper concludes with some structured reflections on how to proceed in community-led research projects such as this. The authors see further opportunity for continued cross-disciplinary and community-based research.

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    Article . 2019
    License: CC BY
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    Article . 2019
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      Article . 2019
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Côté, Denyse;

    International audience; Depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir du Parti québécois en 1994, les politiques publiques ont été conçues de façon à continuer la restructuration néolibérale de l’État amorcée par les Libéraux, tout en y ajoutant certaines caractéristiques propres à la social-démocratie. Le gouvernement du Québec doit en effet composer avec des mouvements sociaux forts dont il requiert l’appui pour son projet nationaliste. Son aile gauche est très articulée et plusieurs députés et ministres sont même issus des rangs des organisations populaires,syndicales et des groupes de femmes.

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    Other literature type . 2005
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      Other literature type . 2005
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      Other literature type . 2005
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    Authors: Blouin, Max; Bourgeon, Jean-Marc;

    We examine an economy where professionals provide services to clients and where a professional can sell his practice to another. Professionals vary in quality, and clients in their need (or willingness-to-pay) for high-quality service. efficiency is measured as the number of matches between high-quality professionals and high-need clients. However, agent types are unobservable a priori. We find that trade in practices can facilitate the transmission of information about agent types; sometimes full efficiency is achieved. In cases where it is not, a tax on the sale of practices (based on the seller's age) can be used to achieve full efficiency. In addition, a ceiling on the price of services can be used to adjust the distribution of surplus between clients and professionals, while preserving efficiency.

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    Other literature type . 2008
    SSRN Electronic Journal
    Article . 2008
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Beausoleil, Marie-Ève;

    Cette thèse a pour objectif de mieux comprendre pourquoi et comment se sont posés les enjeux normatifs de la reconnaissance publique dans la France des Lumières. Je montre que cette problématique prend toute son importance dans une période de transition vers la modernité où se conjuguent deux grands phénomènes. D’une part, les penseurs des Lumières, remettant en cause les formes révélées et arbitraires de l’autorité, font de la gloire un processus de reconnaissance du mérite susceptible d’ordonner une société harmonieuse et juste. D’autre part, le XVIIIe siècle voit l’émergence d’une culture de la célébrité qui favorise la multiplication des personnalités connues, en particulier issues du milieu des lettres et des arts de la capitale. Plutôt que de distinguer des individus dont le mérite et les accomplissements utiles suscitent l’admiration unanime, comme le voudrait l’économie de la gloire, la célébrité s’alimente, entre autres, de la controverse, du dévoilement de la vie privée et de la consommation du divertissement. Dès son avènement, elle est largement perçue comme un facteur de décadence morale et un symptôme d’appauvrissement culturel. Cette étude propose une incursion dans les discours moraux (traités de morale, observations sur les mœurs), esthétiques (palmarès allégoriques, ouvrages sur le goût) et biographiques (ana, almanachs satiriques) qui ont participé à l’élaboration, à la promotion et à la critique d’économies de la reconnaissance publique. En analysant une sélection de textes publiés sur une période d’environ 150 ans, entre la Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes et le premier tiers du XIXe siècle, je montre la cohérence de fond et les articulations de ces réflexions qui portent, en définitive, sur le genre d’ordre (littéraire, social ou politique) que l’on voudrait consolider ou voir advenir. Elles ouvrent en retour une perspective sur la spécificité de ce moment charnière, marqué entre autres par la déstructuration des hiérarchies traditionnelles et l’affirmation de l’individu comme sujet moral autonome. La thèse contribue à l’historicisation de la culture de la célébrité moderne en l’abordant par le biais des représentions et des luttes symboliques qu’elle suscite. Alors que la célébrité a été théorisée comme un phénomène médiatique qui instaure en particulier un rapport d’intimité à distance entre les personnes célèbres et le public, je montre qu’elle était largement interprétée à l’époque comme une dérégulation de l’économie affective de la gloire. Cette dernière repose sur une théorie du sentiment moral qui permet de reconnaître de manière naturelle le vrai mérite et de résoudre, avec le temps, la tension entre la relativité des opinions et l’objectivité des valeurs. La célébrité avive au contraire des passions, telles l’envie, l’ambition et la cupidité, qui poussent à fabriquer une reconnaissance immédiate et non méritée. Alors que s’affirme une compréhension systémique de ses mécanismes au sein d’une critique des mœurs de la société de l’élite parisienne, la célébrité se voit inscrite dans un ensemble cohérent de manifestations esthétiques et socioculturelles, incluant la mode, le luxe, le bel-esprit, le rococo, la satire, le persiflage, les lectures légères, les cabales et les spectacles. This dissertation examines how and why normative issues about public recognition developed in Enlightenment France. It shows that this question gained significance during the transitional period towards modernity as two important phenomena intersected. On the one hand, Enlightenment thinkers – who questioned the arbitrary foundations of authority – made glory into a process of recognition based on merit, which, in turn, could engender a harmonious and just society. On the other hand, the century saw the advent of a celebrity culture, which enabled the multiplication of famed individuals, especially emanating from the capital’s arts and literary circles. Instead of distinguishing individuals whose merit and useful accomplishments gave rise to unanimous admiration, as the economy of glory would demand, celebrity built upon things such as controversies, revelations about private lives, and the consumption of entertainment. From its inception, celebrity was perceived as a contributing factor to moral degeneracy and as a sign of cultural decay. This dissertation examines moral, aesthetic, and biographical texts that contributed to the creation, promotion, and critique of the economies of public recognition. An analysis of these texts published over a 150-year period – from the Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes to the first third of the nineteenth century – sheds light on their arguments with regards to the type of order (literary, social, or political) that they hoped to consolidate or engender. These texts offer a unique view into the particularities of this defining moment shaped by the elimination of traditional hierarchies and the advent of individuals as autonomous moral subjects. This dissertation historicises modern celebrity culture through an examination of its representations and of the conflicts it generated. Although celebrity has been theorized as a media phenomenon that creates a relationship of intimacy between famed individuals and the public, this study shows that, during the period in question, it was largely conceived as a deregulation of glory’s economy of feelings. This economy was based on a theory of moral sentiments that enabled the natural recognition of true merit, and that would, in due course, solve the tension between the subjectivity of opinions and the objectivity of values. To the contrary, celebrity fuelled passions – such as envy, ambition, and greed – which prompted the creation of immediate and undeserved renown. Celebrity was inscribed in a coherent set of aesthetic and sociocultural manifestations – including, fashion, rococo, bel esprit, satire, persiflage, light reading, cabals, and spectacles – while its systematic definition took shape through a critique of elite mores.

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    Other literature type . 2018
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      Other literature type . 2018
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  • Authors: Robineau, Colin;

    International audience; In the Portuguese opinion press from 2010 to 2020, the question of Islamo­phobia appears in two forms: in discourses containing a discriminatory content against Muslims, and in discourses discussing the political uses of the term. While the first form is present in different degrees in all newspapers under study, the second form is mostly visible in the right-wing newspaper Observador, which criticises the political function, especially the intimidation (self-censorship) that the notion of Islamophobia fulfils. Following these find­ings, this chapter intend to observe how the term ‘Islamophobia’ is mobilised by Observador’s columnists in order to legitimise what they call a ‘rational critic’ of Islam, with no restraints regarding ‘political correctness’. Our main goal is to show how those columnists denounce the European political left and intellectuals of ‘sociologising’ the issue of Islamic fundamentalism and shaping a ‘political correctness’ that would compensate for their colonial guilt. To overcome this discursive impasse and liberate the violent speech on Islam, these journalists demand, on the one hand, the end of the ‘guilt-tripping’ of Europeans and, on the other, the end of Muslims’ ‘victimisation’.

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    Authors: Cumming, Douglas J.; Groh, Alexander;

    International audience; We overview the papers of this special issue of the Journal of Corporate Finance and explain how they fit within the different segments of the entrepreneurial finance literature, including equity crowdfunding, angel investors, debt, venture capital, and private equity. We point to the growing importance of different sources of capital for entrepreneurs and emerging research trends pertinent to academics, practitioners, and policymakers. We explain common questions and suggest scope in future work for combining segments.

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    Journal of Corporate Finance
    Article . 2018
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    Article . 2018
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    Authors: Esling, Philippe; Bazin, Theis; Bitton, Adrien; Carsault, Tristan; +1 Authors

    Current state-of-the-art results in Music Information Retrieval are largely dominated by deep learning approaches. These provide unprecedented accuracy across all tasks. However, the consistently overlooked downside of these models is their stunningly massive complexity, which seems concomitantly crucial to their success. In this paper, we address this issue by proposing a model pruning method based on the lottery ticket hypothesis. We modify the original approach to allow for explicitly removing parameters, through structured trimming of entire units, instead of simply masking individual weights. This leads to models which are effectively lighter in terms of size, memory and number of operations. We show that our proposal can remove up to 90% of the model parameters without loss of accuracy, leading to ultra-light deep MIR models. We confirm the surprising result that, at smaller compression ratios (removing up to 85% of a network), lighter models consistently outperform their heavier counterparts. We exhibit these results on a large array of MIR tasks including audio classification, pitch recognition, chord extraction, drum transcription and onset estimation. The resulting ultra-light deep learning models for MIR can run on CPU, and can even fit on embedded devices with minimal degradation of accuracy. Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures. 21st International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference 11-15 October 2020, Montreal, Canada

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    Conference object . 2020
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    Conference object . 2020
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2020
    License: CC BY NC SA
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Other literature type . Conference object . 2020
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Duquette, Lise;

    Cet article propose un cadre méthodologique pour traiter de l'apprentissage et de l'évaluation en Enseignement des Langues Assisté par Ordinateur (ELAO) dans le contexte de l'autonomie. En effet, en l'absence d'un paradigme qui fasse consensus, l'auteure propose une méthodologie d'analyse provenant de la résolution de problème en sciences cognitives et qui devrait être généralisable pour le traitement des données dans le contexte de l'autonomie en ELAO. Notre cadre d'analyse comprend trois stratégies générales correspondant aux connaissances préalables - régulation, mise en oeuvre, évaluation - qui permettent de distinguer les apprenant efficaces des non efficaces en situation d'autonomie puisqu'elles font appel aux connaissances antérieures. Ces stratégies générales sont croisées à six étapes de résolution de problème : lecture, analyse, exploration, planification, réalisation et vérification. L'auteure montre, à travers deux études empiriques qu'elle a menées, que le cadre de résolution de problème fonctionne bien et permet d'évaluer l'efficacité des apprenants en situation d'autonomie dans l'environnement de l'ELAO. Elle suggère que ce cadre de résolution de problème soit utilisé dans d'autres études sur l'apprentissage dans différents environnements informatiques afin de lui donner de la robustesse et une plus grande généralisation et ainsi, de permettre au domaine d'opter pour le paradigme cognitif qui deviendrait alors consensuel. Mots-clés : autonomie ; apprentissage de la langue ; multimédia This article suggests a methodological framework which can be used to study learning and evaluation in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) within the context of learner autonomy. Since there is at present no widely agreed upon paradigm in the field, the author suggests a methodology based on problem solving in the cognitive sciences and suggests that this methodology is generalizable to analyses of data in the context of self-directed learning in CALL. The framework for analysis consists of three general strategies related to pre-existing knowledge—regulation, application and evaluation. These strategies can be used to differentiate efficient from inefficient learners in a self-directed learning situation because they evoke learners´ previous knowledge. These general strategies are cross-categorized with six levels of problem solving: reading, analysis, exploration, planning, realization and verification. Referring to two empirical studies conducted by the author, it is shown that the suggested problem-solving framework facilitates the evaluation of learner efficiency in a self-directed learning situation in a CALL environment. Moreover, it is argued that this problem-solving framework should be used in other studies in different computer-assisted learning environments. Such research would contribute to the robustness and generalizability of the framework and thus support the wide-spread adoption of the cognitive paradigm in the area of CALL.

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    Authors: Gauvin, Isabelle; Thibeault, Joël;

    Le présent article veut décrire la conscience translinguistique d’élèves québécois de 4e secondaire (15-16 ans). Pour ce faire, nous avons administré à 78 participants un questionnaire dans lequel nous leur avons demandé de rendre compte des similitudes et des différences qu’entretiennent les grammaires du français et de l’anglais. Les résultats montrent que, pour plusieurs élèves, il existe des ressemblances entre ces grammaires, ressemblances qui sont principalement liées à la syntaxe et à la ponctuation, au lexique et aux catégories de mots. Les données portant sur les similitudes révèlent en outre qu’un peu moins d’un quart de l’échantillon n’en voit aucune. Quant aux différences, perçues par presque tous les élèves de l’échantillon, elles sont surtout associées à l’orthographe grammaticale et au genre nominal, à la langue en général ainsi qu’à la syntaxe et à la ponctuation. En fin d’article, nous discutons nos résultats en fonction de la recherche sur la conscience translinguistique et la didactique intégrée des langues.

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    Authors: Buteau, Chantal; Muller, Eric; Dreise, Kirstin; Mgombelo, Joyce; +1 Authors

    International audience; This paper focuses on the process of university mathematics students engaging in a sequence of programming-based mathematical project tasks as part of a course. Data of this naturalistic research was collected mainly through four student projects and semi-structured individual interviews. The analysis led to narratives of students’ development process (instrumental genesis) in which enacted strategies (instrumented actions) are highlighted. In this paper we discuss a participant’s development process. Results suggest that the student, after 1 course, has appropriated programming as instrument for creating a tool for pragmatic purposes; however, not yet as instrument for mathematics investigations and applications, i.e., as an object-to-think-with (Papert, 1980).

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195 Research products
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    Authors: Lyall, Andrea; Nelson, Harry; Rosenblum, Daisy; Turin, Mark;

    International audience; This paper describes the process and outcomes of a project focused on community centred reclamation of plant-based knowledge in the Kwak̓wala language from previously published materials as well as new documentation with Kwak̓wala speaking Elders. The paper describes our research process resulting in the documentation of 300 plant word names and phrases, starting with 135 plants with names and words in Kwak̓wala that had been documented between the late 19th and early 20th century by Franz Boas and George Hunt, subsequently added to and enriched by community members and academics. An audio-visual dictionary of these plant names and associated phrases is now available through the FirstVoices web portal (http://bit.ly/LDC_FirstVoices). The corresponding author initiated the work and then further developed the research in collaboration with Kwakwa̱ka̱’wakw fluent speakers, linguists, biologists, and the U’mista Cultural Society. The project has stimulated interest among community members who provided valuable feedback on the different ways in which this research can be further accessed and then delivered. The paper concludes with some structured reflections on how to proceed in community-led research projects such as this. The authors see further opportunity for continued cross-disciplinary and community-based research.

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    Authors: Côté, Denyse;

    International audience; Depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir du Parti québécois en 1994, les politiques publiques ont été conçues de façon à continuer la restructuration néolibérale de l’État amorcée par les Libéraux, tout en y ajoutant certaines caractéristiques propres à la social-démocratie. Le gouvernement du Québec doit en effet composer avec des mouvements sociaux forts dont il requiert l’appui pour son projet nationaliste. Son aile gauche est très articulée et plusieurs députés et ministres sont même issus des rangs des organisations populaires,syndicales et des groupes de femmes.

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    Authors: Blouin, Max; Bourgeon, Jean-Marc;

    We examine an economy where professionals provide services to clients and where a professional can sell his practice to another. Professionals vary in quality, and clients in their need (or willingness-to-pay) for high-quality service. efficiency is measured as the number of matches between high-quality professionals and high-need clients. However, agent types are unobservable a priori. We find that trade in practices can facilitate the transmission of information about agent types; sometimes full efficiency is achieved. In cases where it is not, a tax on the sale of practices (based on the seller's age) can be used to achieve full efficiency. In addition, a ceiling on the price of services can be used to adjust the distribution of surplus between clients and professionals, while preserving efficiency.

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    SSRN Electronic Journal
    Article . 2008
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    Authors: Beausoleil, Marie-Ève;

    Cette thèse a pour objectif de mieux comprendre pourquoi et comment se sont posés les enjeux normatifs de la reconnaissance publique dans la France des Lumières. Je montre que cette problématique prend toute son importance dans une période de transition vers la modernité où se conjuguent deux grands phénomènes. D’une part, les penseurs des Lumières, remettant en cause les formes révélées et arbitraires de l’autorité, font de la gloire un processus de reconnaissance du mérite susceptible d’ordonner une société harmonieuse et juste. D’autre part, le XVIIIe siècle voit l’émergence d’une culture de la célébrité qui favorise la multiplication des personnalités connues, en particulier issues du milieu des lettres et des arts de la capitale. Plutôt que de distinguer des individus dont le mérite et les accomplissements utiles suscitent l’admiration unanime, comme le voudrait l’économie de la gloire, la célébrité s’alimente, entre autres, de la controverse, du dévoilement de la vie privée et de la consommation du divertissement. Dès son avènement, elle est largement perçue comme un facteur de décadence morale et un symptôme d’appauvrissement culturel. Cette étude propose une incursion dans les discours moraux (traités de morale, observations sur les mœurs), esthétiques (palmarès allégoriques, ouvrages sur le goût) et biographiques (ana, almanachs satiriques) qui ont participé à l’élaboration, à la promotion et à la critique d’économies de la reconnaissance publique. En analysant une sélection de textes publiés sur une période d’environ 150 ans, entre la Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes et le premier tiers du XIXe siècle, je montre la cohérence de fond et les articulations de ces réflexions qui portent, en définitive, sur le genre d’ordre (littéraire, social ou politique) que l’on voudrait consolider ou voir advenir. Elles ouvrent en retour une perspective sur la spécificité de ce moment charnière, marqué entre autres par la déstructuration des hiérarchies traditionnelles et l’affirmation de l’individu comme sujet moral autonome. La thèse contribue à l’historicisation de la culture de la célébrité moderne en l’abordant par le biais des représentions et des luttes symboliques qu’elle suscite. Alors que la célébrité a été théorisée comme un phénomène médiatique qui instaure en particulier un rapport d’intimité à distance entre les personnes célèbres et le public, je montre qu’elle était largement interprétée à l’époque comme une dérégulation de l’économie affective de la gloire. Cette dernière repose sur une théorie du sentiment moral qui permet de reconnaître de manière naturelle le vrai mérite et de résoudre, avec le temps, la tension entre la relativité des opinions et l’objectivité des valeurs. La célébrité avive au contraire des passions, telles l’envie, l’ambition et la cupidité, qui poussent à fabriquer une reconnaissance immédiate et non méritée. Alors que s’affirme une compréhension systémique de ses mécanismes au sein d’une critique des mœurs de la société de l’élite parisienne, la célébrité se voit inscrite dans un ensemble cohérent de manifestations esthétiques et socioculturelles, incluant la mode, le luxe, le bel-esprit, le rococo, la satire, le persiflage, les lectures légères, les cabales et les spectacles. This dissertation examines how and why normative issues about public recognition developed in Enlightenment France. It shows that this question gained significance during the transitional period towards modernity as two important phenomena intersected. On the one hand, Enlightenment thinkers – who questioned the arbitrary foundations of authority – made glory into a process of recognition based on merit, which, in turn, could engender a harmonious and just society. On the other hand, the century saw the advent of a celebrity culture, which enabled the multiplication of famed individuals, especially emanating from the capital’s arts and literary circles. Instead of distinguishing individuals whose merit and useful accomplishments gave rise to unanimous admiration, as the economy of glory would demand, celebrity built upon things such as controversies, revelations about private lives, and the consumption of entertainment. From its inception, celebrity was perceived as a contributing factor to moral degeneracy and as a sign of cultural decay. This dissertation examines moral, aesthetic, and biographical texts that contributed to the creation, promotion, and critique of the economies of public recognition. An analysis of these texts published over a 150-year period – from the Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes to the first third of the nineteenth century – sheds light on their arguments with regards to the type of order (literary, social, or political) that they hoped to consolidate or engender. These texts offer a unique view into the particularities of this defining moment shaped by the elimination of traditional hierarchies and the advent of individuals as autonomous moral subjects. This dissertation historicises modern celebrity culture through an examination of its representations and of the conflicts it generated. Although celebrity has been theorized as a media phenomenon that creates a relationship of intimacy between famed individuals and the public, this study shows that, during the period in question, it was largely conceived as a deregulation of glory’s economy of feelings. This economy was based on a theory of moral sentiments that enabled the natural recognition of true merit, and that would, in due course, solve the tension between the subjectivity of opinions and the objectivity of values. To the contrary, celebrity fuelled passions – such as envy, ambition, and greed – which prompted the creation of immediate and undeserved renown. Celebrity was inscribed in a coherent set of aesthetic and sociocultural manifestations – including, fashion, rococo, bel esprit, satire, persiflage, light reading, cabals, and spectacles – while its systematic definition took shape through a critique of elite mores.

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  • Authors: Robineau, Colin;

    International audience; In the Portuguese opinion press from 2010 to 2020, the question of Islamo­phobia appears in two forms: in discourses containing a discriminatory content against Muslims, and in discourses discussing the political uses of the term. While the first form is present in different degrees in all newspapers under study, the second form is mostly visible in the right-wing newspaper Observador, which criticises the political function, especially the intimidation (self-censorship) that the notion of Islamophobia fulfils. Following these find­ings, this chapter intend to observe how the term ‘Islamophobia’ is mobilised by Observador’s columnists in order to legitimise what they call a ‘rational critic’ of Islam, with no restraints regarding ‘political correctness’. Our main goal is to show how those columnists denounce the European political left and intellectuals of ‘sociologising’ the issue of Islamic fundamentalism and shaping a ‘political correctness’ that would compensate for their colonial guilt. To overcome this discursive impasse and liberate the violent speech on Islam, these journalists demand, on the one hand, the end of the ‘guilt-tripping’ of Europeans and, on the other, the end of Muslims’ ‘victimisation’.

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    Authors: Cumming, Douglas J.; Groh, Alexander;

    International audience; We overview the papers of this special issue of the Journal of Corporate Finance and explain how they fit within the different segments of the entrepreneurial finance literature, including equity crowdfunding, angel investors, debt, venture capital, and private equity. We point to the growing importance of different sources of capital for entrepreneurs and emerging research trends pertinent to academics, practitioners, and policymakers. We explain common questions and suggest scope in future work for combining segments.

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    Journal of Corporate Finance
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    Authors: Esling, Philippe; Bazin, Theis; Bitton, Adrien; Carsault, Tristan; +1 Authors

    Current state-of-the-art results in Music Information Retrieval are largely dominated by deep learning approaches. These provide unprecedented accuracy across all tasks. However, the consistently overlooked downside of these models is their stunningly massive complexity, which seems concomitantly crucial to their success. In this paper, we address this issue by proposing a model pruning method based on the lottery ticket hypothesis. We modify the original approach to allow for explicitly removing parameters, through structured trimming of entire units, instead of simply masking individual weights. This leads to models which are effectively lighter in terms of size, memory and number of operations. We show that our proposal can remove up to 90% of the model parameters without loss of accuracy, leading to ultra-light deep MIR models. We confirm the surprising result that, at smaller compression ratios (removing up to 85% of a network), lighter models consistently outperform their heavier counterparts. We exhibit these results on a large array of MIR tasks including audio classification, pitch recognition, chord extraction, drum transcription and onset estimation. The resulting ultra-light deep learning models for MIR can run on CPU, and can even fit on embedded devices with minimal degradation of accuracy. Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures. 21st International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference 11-15 October 2020, Montreal, Canada

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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Duquette, Lise;

    Cet article propose un cadre méthodologique pour traiter de l'apprentissage et de l'évaluation en Enseignement des Langues Assisté par Ordinateur (ELAO) dans le contexte de l'autonomie. En effet, en l'absence d'un paradigme qui fasse consensus, l'auteure propose une méthodologie d'analyse provenant de la résolution de problème en sciences cognitives et qui devrait être généralisable pour le traitement des données dans le contexte de l'autonomie en ELAO. Notre cadre d'analyse comprend trois stratégies générales correspondant aux connaissances préalables - régulation, mise en oeuvre, évaluation - qui permettent de distinguer les apprenant efficaces des non efficaces en situation d'autonomie puisqu'elles font appel aux connaissances antérieures. Ces stratégies générales sont croisées à six étapes de résolution de problème : lecture, analyse, exploration, planification, réalisation et vérification. L'auteure montre, à travers deux études empiriques qu'elle a menées, que le cadre de résolution de problème fonctionne bien et permet d'évaluer l'efficacité des apprenants en situation d'autonomie dans l'environnement de l'ELAO. Elle suggère que ce cadre de résolution de problème soit utilisé dans d'autres études sur l'apprentissage dans différents environnements informatiques afin de lui donner de la robustesse et une plus grande généralisation et ainsi, de permettre au domaine d'opter pour le paradigme cognitif qui deviendrait alors consensuel. Mots-clés : autonomie ; apprentissage de la langue ; multimédia This article suggests a methodological framework which can be used to study learning and evaluation in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) within the context of learner autonomy. Since there is at present no widely agreed upon paradigm in the field, the author suggests a methodology based on problem solving in the cognitive sciences and suggests that this methodology is generalizable to analyses of data in the context of self-directed learning in CALL. The framework for analysis consists of three general strategies related to pre-existing knowledge—regulation, application and evaluation. These strategies can be used to differentiate efficient from inefficient learners in a self-directed learning situation because they evoke learners´ previous knowledge. These general strategies are cross-categorized with six levels of problem solving: reading, analysis, exploration, planning, realization and verification. Referring to two empirical studies conducted by the author, it is shown that the suggested problem-solving framework facilitates the evaluation of learner efficiency in a self-directed learning situation in a CALL environment. Moreover, it is argued that this problem-solving framework should be used in other studies in different computer-assisted learning environments. Such research would contribute to the robustness and generalizability of the framework and thus support the wide-spread adoption of the cognitive paradigm in the area of CALL.

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    Authors: Gauvin, Isabelle; Thibeault, Joël;

    Le présent article veut décrire la conscience translinguistique d’élèves québécois de 4e secondaire (15-16 ans). Pour ce faire, nous avons administré à 78 participants un questionnaire dans lequel nous leur avons demandé de rendre compte des similitudes et des différences qu’entretiennent les grammaires du français et de l’anglais. Les résultats montrent que, pour plusieurs élèves, il existe des ressemblances entre ces grammaires, ressemblances qui sont principalement liées à la syntaxe et à la ponctuation, au lexique et aux catégories de mots. Les données portant sur les similitudes révèlent en outre qu’un peu moins d’un quart de l’échantillon n’en voit aucune. Quant aux différences, perçues par presque tous les élèves de l’échantillon, elles sont surtout associées à l’orthographe grammaticale et au genre nominal, à la langue en général ainsi qu’à la syntaxe et à la ponctuation. En fin d’article, nous discutons nos résultats en fonction de la recherche sur la conscience translinguistique et la didactique intégrée des langues.

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    Authors: Buteau, Chantal; Muller, Eric; Dreise, Kirstin; Mgombelo, Joyce; +1 Authors

    International audience; This paper focuses on the process of university mathematics students engaging in a sequence of programming-based mathematical project tasks as part of a course. Data of this naturalistic research was collected mainly through four student projects and semi-structured individual interviews. The analysis led to narratives of students’ development process (instrumental genesis) in which enacted strategies (instrumented actions) are highlighted. In this paper we discuss a participant’s development process. Results suggest that the student, after 1 course, has appropriated programming as instrument for creating a tool for pragmatic purposes; however, not yet as instrument for mathematics investigations and applications, i.e., as an object-to-think-with (Papert, 1980).

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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal-Diderot
    Other literature type . 2019
    Data sources: Hal-Diderot
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hyper Article en Ligne
      Other literature type . 2019
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal-Diderot
      Other literature type . 2019
      Data sources: Hal-Diderot