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- Publication . Article . 2020EmbargoAuthors:Fabio Campioni; Salimur Choudhury; Usman Tariq; Ali Kashif Bashir;Fabio Campioni; Salimur Choudhury; Usman Tariq; Ali Kashif Bashir;Publisher: Elsevier BVCountry: United Kingdom
© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Vehicular crowdsensing allows the rapid, predictable movement of vehicles, as well as their wide variety of sensors, to gather sensing data in crowdsensing applications. Recruitment algorithms are used to select a subset of participants in an area that will provide the most complete coverage. In this paper, we explore two variations of the vehicular recruitment problem. In the first problem, which we refer to as the priority based vehicle recruitment problem, we consider coverage areas in which subsets must be covered. In the multisensor variation, we consider coverage areas which require different types of sensors, in which participating vehicles have one or more sensor types onboard. For each, we implement a mixed integer programming model which returns optimal solutions, as well as a heuristic for obtaining approximate solutions. In the unbudgeted priority vehicular recruitment performance evaluation, our heuristic on average obtains only 0.05% lower utility at 1.78% higher recruitment cost. In the budgeted runs, our heuristic obtains on average only 0.02% lower utility at 0.59% higher recruitment costs. In the unbudgeted multisensor vehicular recruitment performance evaluation, our heuristic obtains only 0.04% lower utility at 1.10% higher recruitment cost, and in the budgeted runs we obtain 11.33% lower utility at 0.27% higher recruitment cost.
Average/low popularityAverage/low popularityAverage/low influencePopularity: Citation-based measure reflecting the current impact.Average/low influenceInfluence: Citation-based measure reflecting the total impact.add Add to ORCIDPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Article . 2022EmbargoAuthors:Ran Eilat; Kfir Eliaz;Ran Eilat; Kfir Eliaz;
doi: 10.1093/jeea/jvac063
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)Abstract We consider the problem faced by a group of players who bargain over what public signal to acquire before deciding on a collective action. The players differ in their privately known state-dependent payoffs from taking the action, and therefore differ also in their willingness to pay for the public signal. We take a mechanism design approach to characterizing the efficient frontier of outcomes achievable via bargaining over information. We identify novel distortions in the optimal information structure that arise from the information asymmetry and from the fact that after the signal is realized, the outcome is determined in equilibrium of a subsequent voting game.
Average/low popularityAverage/low popularityAverage/low influencePopularity: Citation-based measure reflecting the current impact.Average/low influenceInfluence: Citation-based measure reflecting the total impact.add Add to ORCIDPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Other literature type . 2019Embargo FrenchAuthors:Beaudoin, David;Beaudoin, David;
handle: 1866/22491
Publisher: Université de MontréalCountry: CanadaRédigé au cours d’un voyage au tour du monde, L’écueil des mondes est un recueil de sept nouvelles, dont les histoires se déroulent à différents endroits sur la planète. Les récits mettent en scène des relations érotiques entre des voyageurs et les indigènes des pays qu’ils visitent. Ces liaisons se trouvent toutefois bouleversées par des catastrophes naturelles ou des événements mystérieux, comme pour souligner les difficultés, voire l’impossibilité pour les touristes de comprendre entièrement « l’autre ». Grâce à la focalisation interne, selon le point de vue des personnages voyageurs, le lecteur devrait mieux percevoir le dépaysement vécu par ces touristes en quête d’exotisme. Est-il possible de dégager un discours implicite sur la mixité culturelle, à partir de la représentation de l’attirance pour l’autre ? Érotisme interethnique : éthique du voyage chez Houellebecq, Le Clézio et Mauvignier est un essai qui se penche sur la façon dont ces trois auteurs utilisent l’érotisme interethnique pour représenter une attirance entre les peuples qui semble découler du mélange culturel occasionné par le voyage et le tourisme. En s’appuyant sur les échanges érotiques dans les romans La quarantaine de J. M. G. Le Clézio, Lanzarote de Michel Houellebecq et Autour du monde de Laurent Mauvignier, il serait donc possible de dégager un discours éthique de ces auteurs sur le métissage, mais surtout sur la hiérarchisation des rapports culturels entre les peuples. Written during a journey around the world, L’écueil des mondes is a collection of seven short stories that take place in different places on the planet. The narratives show erotic relationships between travellers and the natives of the countries they visit. The connections are, however, upset by natural disasters or mysterious events, as if to underline the difficulties, even the inability of the tourist to fully understand “the other.” Thanks to the internal focus, depending on the viewpoint of the traveller characters, the reader should better perceive the displacement experienced by these tourists in search of exoticism. Is it possible to give an implicit discourse on cultural diversity, starting from the representation of attraction for the other? Érotisme interethnique : éthique du voyage chez Houellebecq, Le Clézio et Mauvignier is an essay that looks at how these three authors use interethnic eroticism to represent an attraction among peoples that seems to derive from the cultural mix caused by travel and tourism. From lustful exchanges in the novels La quarantaine of J. M. G. Le Clézio, Lanzarote of Michel Houellebecq and Autour du monde from Laurent Mauvignier, it would be possible to identify an ethical discourse of these authors on the intermingling, but especially on the prioritization of cultural relations between the peoples.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Article . 2022EmbargoAuthors:Kristen Menou; Hong Tao Zhang;Kristen Menou; Hong Tao Zhang;Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)Project: NSERC
Differential settling and growth of dust grains impact the structure of the radiative envelopes of gaseous planets during formation. Sufficiently rapid dust growth can result in envelopes with substantially reduced opacities for radiation transport, thereby facilitating planet formation. We revisit the problem and establish that dust settling and grain growth also lead to outer planetary envelopes that are prone to compositional instabilities, by virtue of their inverted mean-molecular weight gradients. Under a variety of conditions, we find that the radiative envelopes of forming planets experience compositional turbulence driven by a semi-transparent version of the thermohaline instability ('fingering convection'). The compositional turbulence seems efficient at mixing dust in the radiative envelopes of planets forming at super-AU distances (say $5$ AU) from a Sun-like star, but not so at sub-AU distances (say $0.2$ AU). We also address the possibility of compositional layering in this context. Distinct turbulent regimes for planetary envelopes growing at sub-AU vs. super-AU distances could leave an imprint on the final planets formed. 9 pages, MNRAS accepted
Average/low popularityAverage/low popularityAverage/low influencePopularity: Citation-based measure reflecting the current impact.Average/low influenceInfluence: Citation-based measure reflecting the total impact.add Add to ORCIDPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Other literature type . 2017Embargo EnglishAuthors:Tamburri, Albert D.;Tamburri, Albert D.;
handle: 1866/18579
Publisher: Université de MontréalCountry: CanadaLa maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) est une maladie neurodégénérative dévastatrice qui touche un grand nombre de personnes. Elle entraîne des troubles de la mémoire et, éventuellement, une perte complète des fonctions cognitives. Le peptide amyloïde-β (Aβ) et la protéine associée aux microtubules tau sont généralement associés à la perte progressive de la mémoire. Dans les stades précoces, la MA se caractérise par une perturbation générale de l'efficacité synaptique. Les effets perturbateurs d'Aβ sur la plasticité à long terme sont bien documentés, par contre nos connaissances des effets immédiats du peptide sur la transmission synaptique sont limitées. Mon hypothèse est qu’Aβ ne nécessite pas une période prolongée pour promouvoir des changements de la transmission synaptique et qu’il peut modifier la fonction synaptique même après une exposition aiguë. Dans l’étude I, je test cette hypothèse à l’aide d’une exposition aiguë d'oligomères Aβ sur des tranches organotypiques d'hippocampe. Mes résultats indiquent qu’Aβ favorise une dépression synaptique sur les neurones pyramidaux hippocampiques avec une cinétique relativement rapide. Je démontre également que la dépression synaptique dépend de l'activation des récepteurs NMDA (NMDAR), mais ne dépend pas du flux d'ions à travers son canal ionique. Puisqu’il a été démontré que l'activation des NMDAR entraîne la phosphorylation de tau, il est plausible qu’Aβ modifie l'excitabilité des neurones en modulant la phosphorylation de cette protéine. Étant donné que les NMDAR jouent un rôle important dans la plasticité synaptique à long terme, cette chaîne d’événements moléculaires pourrait contribuer aux déficits de plasticité observés dans les phases initiales de la MA. Mon hypothèse est qu’Aβ modifie l’activité synaptique en modulant la phosphorylation de tau. Pour tester cette hypothèse, j’induis, dans des neurones de tranches de l’hippocampe, l’expression de formes de tau contenant des mutations qui bloquent la phosphorylation de la protéine aux sites ciblés. Dans l’étude II, j’observe que la phosphorylation de tau aux sites AT8 et AT180 régule l’expression de la plasticité synaptique ainsi que le dysfonctionnement de la transmission synaptique induits par les oligomères d’Aβ. Je démontre aussi que la phosphorylation du site PHF-1 ne contribue pas à la régulation de la plasticité et de la transmission synaptique. Puisque les sites AT8 et AT180 régulent l’interaction de la protéine tau avec la tyrosine kinase Fyn, mes résultats suggèrent que l’interaction entre tau et Fyn est importante pour l’expression de la plasticité synaptique et de la dépression favorisées par les oligomères d’Aβ. En effet, je démontre que l’inhibition de l’activité de la kinase Fyn résulte en un blocage de la dépression synaptique à long terme et un sauvetage de la fonction synaptique en présence d’Aβ. Je conclus que la phosphorylation de la protéine tau à des sites spécifiques est indispensable à l’expression de la plasticité synaptique et j’émets l’hypothèse que les oligomères d’Aβ modifient l'activité synaptique en influençant la stabilité du complexe Fyn-tau. Je propose donc que la perturbation de la stabilité de ce complexe peut être utilisée en thérapie pour inverser les déficits synaptiques dans les stades précoces de la MA. Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia; it is characterized by problems in memory formation, which with time leads to a complete loss of cognitive functions. The peptide amyloid-β (Aβ) and the microtubule-associated protein tau are commonly believed to be responsible for the decline in memory formation. In the early stages of AD, this is thought to happen through a general disruption in synaptic efficiency. The disruptive effects of Aβ on long-term plasticity are well documented; however, little is known about the immediate effects of the peptide on synaptic transmission. My hypothesis is that Aβ does not need a prolonged period to promote changes in synaptic transmission, and that the peptide is able to affect synaptic function even after an acute exposure. In study I, I investigate this hypothesis using an acute exposure of Aβ oligomers to organotypic hippocampal slices. I report that Aβ promotes synaptic depression on hippocampal pyramidal neurons with a fairly rapid kinetic. I also show that the synaptic depression is dependent on the activation of the NMDAR, but independent on the ion flux through the channel. Because it was shown that the activation of the NMDAR leads to phosphorylation of tau, it appears feasible that Aβ modifies neuronal excitability by modulating tau phosphorylation. Since the NMDAR plays a critical role in the induction of long-term plasticity, this cascade of events could contribute to the deficits in plasticity observed during the initial stages of AD. My hypothesis is that Aβ modifies synaptic activity by modulating phosphorylation on tau. To test this hypothesis, I express in hippocampal neurons tau mutants in which phosphorylation on specific sites is blocked. In study II, I report that phosphorylation on tau at the AT8 and AT180 sites regulates the expression of synaptic plasticity as well as the dysfunction in synaptic transmission induced by Aβ oligomers. I also show that phosphorylation at the PHF-1 site is not involved in mediating either effects. Since the AT8 and AT180 sites regulate the interaction of tau protein with the tyrosine kinase Fyn, my results suggested that the interaction between tau and Fyn is important for the expression of synaptic plasticity and the depression mediated by Aβ oligomers. Indeed, I show that inhibiting the activity of Fyn kinase results in a block of LTD and a rescue of synaptic function in presence of Aβ. I conclude that phosphorylation of tau at specific sites is mandatory for the expression of synaptic plasticity, and suggest that Aβ oligomers promote changes of synaptic activity by influencing the stability of the tau-Fyn complex. I therefore propose that disrupting the stability of this complex can be exploited therapeutically to rescue synaptic deficits in the initial stages of AD.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Other literature type . 2022Embargo FrenchAuthors:Laurent-de Chantal, Aude;Laurent-de Chantal, Aude;
handle: 1866/26481
Publisher: Université de MontréalCountry: CanadaThe act of writing invariably implies a desire to say without necessarily resulting in a confession. However, when the desire to confess constitutes the main motivation for writing, or even an obsession, the act of saying or hushing transcends the text, materialising the confession itself. This master’s thesis in Research-Creation looks at this gesture of scriptural revelation following a traumatic event, basing itself on ideas put forward by Michel Foucault in The History of Sexuality, a work published in four tomes between 1976 and 2018 . In the creation part, the guilt associated with the accidental death of the narrator’s father acts as the primary motive of confession but a contradictory desire of silencing and sealing the truth puts a halt to this impulse. The text is composed of fragments, a heterogeneous collage hesitating not only to reveal itself, but in its way to do it. The essay on the other hand, focuses on Anne Hébert’s Les fous de Bassan in which confession is motivated by a feeling of responsibility towards the double murder of the Atkins cousins, shared between the different members of Griffin Creek’s small imagined community, located somewhere on the Gaspesian Coast. Beside confession, the two parts of this thesis will intersect through many themes – notably haunting memories, faith and madness –, ultimately ending in different destinations. L’écriture implique invariablement le désir de dire, sans pour autant aboutir à un aveu. Mais, lorsque cet aveu constitue la source ou l’obsession de l’écriture, l’acte de dire ou de taire transcende le texte, matérialisant ainsi l’aveu lui-même. Ce mémoire de maîtrise en recherche-création s’intéresse à ce geste de révélation scripturale qui suit un événement traumatique, à partir des idées avancées par Michel Foucault dans l’Histoire de la sexualité, ouvrage publié en quatre tomes entre 1976 et 2018 . Le moteur de l’aveu au cœur de la création réside dans la culpabilité de la narratrice associée à la mort accidentelle de son père, mais un désir contraire freine cet élan, celui de passer sous silence la vérité, de celer l’histoire à raconter. C’est un texte composé de fragments, un collage hétérogène qui hésite non seulement à paraître, mais dans sa manière de paraître. L’essai quant à lui porte sur Les fous de Bassan d’Anne Hébert, roman où l’aveu est motivé par un sentiment de responsabilité né du double assassinat des cousines Atkins et partagé entre les membres de leur communauté, soit celle de Griffin Creek, lieu imaginaire situé sur la côte de la Gaspésie. Outre le sujet de l’aveu, les deux parties de ce mémoire croiseront les mêmes chemins – dont ceux de la hantise, de la foi et de la folie – pour cependant parvenir à des destinations différentes. Mémoire en recherche-création
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Other literature type . 2024Embargo EnglishAuthors:El Gamal, Islam; Dessureault, Jean; McEwen, Malcolm R.;El Gamal, Islam; Dessureault, Jean; McEwen, Malcolm R.;Publisher: American Association of Physicists in MedicineCountry: Canada
Background: Electron synchrotrons produce x-ray beams with dose rates orders of magnitude greater than conventional x-ray tubes and with beam sizes on the order of a few millimeters. These characteristics put severe challenges on current dosimeters to accurately realize absorbed dose or air kerma. Purpose: This work seeks to investigate the suitability of a novel aluminum-based calorimeter to determine absorbed dose to water with an uncertainty significantly smaller than currently possible with conventional detectors. A lower uncertainty in the determination of absolute dose rate would impact both therapeutic applications of synchrotron-produced x-ray beams and research investigations. Methods: A vacuum-based calorimeter prototype with an aluminum core was built, matching the beam profile of the 140 keV monochromatic x-ray beam, produced by the Canadian Light Source Biomedical Imaging and Therapy beamline. The choice of material and overall calorimeter design was optimized using FEM thermal modeling software while Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations were used to model the impact of interactions of the radiation beam with the detector components. Results: Corrections for both the thermal conduction and radiation transport effects were of the order of 3% and the simplicity of the geometry, combined with the monochromatic nature of the incident x-ray beam, meant that the uncertainty in each correction was ≤0.5%. The calorimeter performance was found to be repeatable over multiple irradiations of 1 Gy at the ± 0.6% level, and no systematic dependence on environmental effects or total dose was observed. Conclusion: The combined standard uncertainty in the determination of absorbed dose to aluminum was estimated to be 0.8%, indicating that absorbed dose to water, the ultimate quantity of interest, could be determined with an uncertainty on the order of 1%. This value is an improvement over current techniques used for synchrotron dosimetry and comparable with the state-of-the art for conventional kV x-ray dosimetry.
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The next generation of spectroscopic surveys is expected to provide spectra for hundreds of thousands of white dwarf (WD) candidates in the upcoming years. Currently, spectroscopic classification of white dwarfs is mostly done by visual inspection, requiring substantial amounts of expert attention. We propose a data-driven pipeline for fast, automatic selection and spectroscopic classification of WD candidates, trained using spectroscopically confirmed objects with available Gaia astrometry, photometry, and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectra with signal-to-noise ratios $\geq9$. The pipeline selects WD candidates with improved accuracy and completeness over existing algorithms, classifies their primary spectroscopic type with $\gtrsim 90\%$ accuracy, and spectroscopically detects main sequence companions with similar performance. We apply our pipeline to the Gaia Data Release 3 cross-matched with the SDSS Data Release 17 (DR17), identifying 424 096 high-confidence WD candidates and providing the first catalogue of automated and quantifiable classification for 36 523 WD spectra. Both the catalogue and pipeline are made available online. Such a tool will prove particularly useful for the undergoing SDSS-V survey, allowing for rapid classification of thousands of spectra at every data release. Submitted to MNRAS (11 pages, 8 figures)
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Article . 2021EmbargoAuthors:Thomas B. R. Robertson; Nicolas Gilbert; Oliver B. Sutcliffe; Ryan E. Mewis;Thomas B. R. Robertson; Nicolas Gilbert; Oliver B. Sutcliffe; Ryan E. Mewis;
pmid: 33871116
Publisher: WileyCountry: United KingdomProject: NSERCMirfentanil, a fentanyl derivative that is a μ-opioid partial agonist, is hyperpolarised via Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), a para-hydrogen-based technique. [Ir(IMes)(COD)Cl] (IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazole-2-ylidene, COD=cyclooctadiene) was employed as the polarisation transfer catalyst. Following polarisation transfer at 6.5 mT, the pyrazine-protons were enhanced by 78-fold (polarisation, P=0.04 %). The complex [Ir(IMes)(H) (mirfentanil) (MeOH)] is proposed to form based on the observation of two hydrides at δ −22.9 (trans to mirfentanil) and −24.7 (trans to methanol). In a mixture of mirfentanil and heroin, the former could be detected using SABRE at concentrations less than 1 % w/w. At the lowest concentration analyzed, the amount of mirfentanil present was 0.18 mg (812 μM) and produced a signal enhancement of −867-fold (P=0.42 %). following polarisation transfer at 6.5 mT. 2 2 +
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Other literature type . 2023Embargo FrenchAuthors:Jarjour, Marilyne;Jarjour, Marilyne;
handle: 1866/28209
Publisher: Université de MontréalCountry: CanadaL’insuffisance cardiaque (IC) est associée à une mortalité élevée et de récurrentes hospitalisations. Sa détection précoce et sa prise en charge sont alors considérées fondamentales à une amélioration de la survie et de la qualité de vie des patients qui en souffrent. Pourtant, bien que des lignes directrices synthétisant les évidences des essais cliniques phares soient périodiquement publiées pour guider les cliniciens dans la prise en charge de l’IC, l’adhésion des professionnels de la santé à celles-ci semble être insatisfaisante. En effet, alors que les taux de prescription de certaines thérapies soient élevés, les doses prescrites n’atteignent pas toujours les cibles recommandées et d’autres thérapies sont moins utilisées. Ainsi, bien que l’inertie clinique puisse justifier une partie de ces lacunes, une caractérisation plus élaborée de cette adhésion aux lignes directrices en milieu clinique est nécessaire à une meilleure compréhension de ces écarts et par le fait même, à une meilleure prise en charge de l’IC. L’objectif de ce projet est alors de dresser, dans un premier temps, un portrait détaillé de la prise en charge des patients atteints d’IC avec une fraction d’éjection réduite suivis par une équipe interdisciplinaire dans une clinique ambulatoire spécialisée au Québec puis, dans un second temps, d’évaluer l’impact de cette adhésion sur le pronostic de ces patients. Le premier papier présenté dans ce travail démontre non seulement des taux de prescriptions élevés, mais également des taux d’optimisation des thérapies recommandées supérieurs à ce qui est rapporté dans la littérature, lorsque les paramètres physiologiques et biologiques propres à chaque patient sont considérés. Il reste néanmoins une proportion considérable de patients qui nécessitent une titration plus lente au-delà des 6 mois recommandés tandis que d’autres demeurent indéfiniment à des doses inappropriées. Le second papier présenté approfondit cette analyse et démontre que les patients recevant un traitement pharmacologique aux doses optimales sont ceux qui présentent le meilleur pronostic dans l’année suivant la période d’optimisation allouée, suivis de ceux nécessitant une titration prolongée puis, ceux demeurant à des doses sous-optimales. Or, les patients à plus haut risque de morbidité ou de mortalité sont ceux présentant une intolérance ou une contre-indication aux thérapies recommandées, une population de patients fragiles nécessitant une attention particulière lors de la prise en charge de leur IC. Heart failure (HF) is associated with high mortality rates and recurrent hospitalizations. Hence, its early detection and optimal management are essential to improve the survival and quality of life of patients who suffer from it. Yet, although guidelines synthesizing evidence from landmark clinical trials are periodically published to guide clinicians regarding the management of HF, healthcare providers’ adherence to these recommendations appears to be unsatisfactory. Indeed, while the prescription rates for some therapies are high, doses prescribed do not always reach recommended targets, let alone other therapies that are less often used. Although clinical inertia has been suggested to potentially justify some of these care gaps, a more elaborate characterization of this adherence to guidelines in the real-world clinical setting is necessary for a better understanding of these deviations and ultimately, for a better management of HF. The objective of this project is therefore to, firstly, draw-up a detailed portrait of the management of patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) followed by a multidisciplinary team in a specialized outpatient clinic in Quebec and then, to assess the impact of the different level of adherence to guidelines on the prognosis of these patients. The first paper presented in this work demonstrates not only high prescription rates, but also rates of optimization of recommended therapies higher than what was previously reported in the literature, when physiological and biological parameters specific to each patient are considered. However, there remains a considerable proportion of patients who require slower titration beyond the recommended 6 months while others remain indefinitely on inappropriately low doses. The second paper presented deepens this analysis and demonstrates that patients receiving pharmacological treatment at optimal doses are those with the best prognosis in the year following the allocated optimization period, followed by those requiring prolonged titration and then those remaining at suboptimal doses. However, the patients at the highest risk of morbidity or mortality are those presenting an intolerance or a contraindication to the recommended therapies, a population of fragile patients requiring special attention during the management of their HF.
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- Publication . Article . 2020EmbargoAuthors:Fabio Campioni; Salimur Choudhury; Usman Tariq; Ali Kashif Bashir;Fabio Campioni; Salimur Choudhury; Usman Tariq; Ali Kashif Bashir;Publisher: Elsevier BVCountry: United Kingdom
© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Vehicular crowdsensing allows the rapid, predictable movement of vehicles, as well as their wide variety of sensors, to gather sensing data in crowdsensing applications. Recruitment algorithms are used to select a subset of participants in an area that will provide the most complete coverage. In this paper, we explore two variations of the vehicular recruitment problem. In the first problem, which we refer to as the priority based vehicle recruitment problem, we consider coverage areas in which subsets must be covered. In the multisensor variation, we consider coverage areas which require different types of sensors, in which participating vehicles have one or more sensor types onboard. For each, we implement a mixed integer programming model which returns optimal solutions, as well as a heuristic for obtaining approximate solutions. In the unbudgeted priority vehicular recruitment performance evaluation, our heuristic on average obtains only 0.05% lower utility at 1.78% higher recruitment cost. In the budgeted runs, our heuristic obtains on average only 0.02% lower utility at 0.59% higher recruitment costs. In the unbudgeted multisensor vehicular recruitment performance evaluation, our heuristic obtains only 0.04% lower utility at 1.10% higher recruitment cost, and in the budgeted runs we obtain 11.33% lower utility at 0.27% higher recruitment cost.
Average/low popularityAverage/low popularityAverage/low influencePopularity: Citation-based measure reflecting the current impact.Average/low influenceInfluence: Citation-based measure reflecting the total impact.add Add to ORCIDPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Article . 2022EmbargoAuthors:Ran Eilat; Kfir Eliaz;Ran Eilat; Kfir Eliaz;
doi: 10.1093/jeea/jvac063
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)Abstract We consider the problem faced by a group of players who bargain over what public signal to acquire before deciding on a collective action. The players differ in their privately known state-dependent payoffs from taking the action, and therefore differ also in their willingness to pay for the public signal. We take a mechanism design approach to characterizing the efficient frontier of outcomes achievable via bargaining over information. We identify novel distortions in the optimal information structure that arise from the information asymmetry and from the fact that after the signal is realized, the outcome is determined in equilibrium of a subsequent voting game.
Average/low popularityAverage/low popularityAverage/low influencePopularity: Citation-based measure reflecting the current impact.Average/low influenceInfluence: Citation-based measure reflecting the total impact.add Add to ORCIDPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Other literature type . 2019Embargo FrenchAuthors:Beaudoin, David;Beaudoin, David;
handle: 1866/22491
Publisher: Université de MontréalCountry: CanadaRédigé au cours d’un voyage au tour du monde, L’écueil des mondes est un recueil de sept nouvelles, dont les histoires se déroulent à différents endroits sur la planète. Les récits mettent en scène des relations érotiques entre des voyageurs et les indigènes des pays qu’ils visitent. Ces liaisons se trouvent toutefois bouleversées par des catastrophes naturelles ou des événements mystérieux, comme pour souligner les difficultés, voire l’impossibilité pour les touristes de comprendre entièrement « l’autre ». Grâce à la focalisation interne, selon le point de vue des personnages voyageurs, le lecteur devrait mieux percevoir le dépaysement vécu par ces touristes en quête d’exotisme. Est-il possible de dégager un discours implicite sur la mixité culturelle, à partir de la représentation de l’attirance pour l’autre ? Érotisme interethnique : éthique du voyage chez Houellebecq, Le Clézio et Mauvignier est un essai qui se penche sur la façon dont ces trois auteurs utilisent l’érotisme interethnique pour représenter une attirance entre les peuples qui semble découler du mélange culturel occasionné par le voyage et le tourisme. En s’appuyant sur les échanges érotiques dans les romans La quarantaine de J. M. G. Le Clézio, Lanzarote de Michel Houellebecq et Autour du monde de Laurent Mauvignier, il serait donc possible de dégager un discours éthique de ces auteurs sur le métissage, mais surtout sur la hiérarchisation des rapports culturels entre les peuples. Written during a journey around the world, L’écueil des mondes is a collection of seven short stories that take place in different places on the planet. The narratives show erotic relationships between travellers and the natives of the countries they visit. The connections are, however, upset by natural disasters or mysterious events, as if to underline the difficulties, even the inability of the tourist to fully understand “the other.” Thanks to the internal focus, depending on the viewpoint of the traveller characters, the reader should better perceive the displacement experienced by these tourists in search of exoticism. Is it possible to give an implicit discourse on cultural diversity, starting from the representation of attraction for the other? Érotisme interethnique : éthique du voyage chez Houellebecq, Le Clézio et Mauvignier is an essay that looks at how these three authors use interethnic eroticism to represent an attraction among peoples that seems to derive from the cultural mix caused by travel and tourism. From lustful exchanges in the novels La quarantaine of J. M. G. Le Clézio, Lanzarote of Michel Houellebecq and Autour du monde from Laurent Mauvignier, it would be possible to identify an ethical discourse of these authors on the intermingling, but especially on the prioritization of cultural relations between the peoples.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Article . 2022EmbargoAuthors:Kristen Menou; Hong Tao Zhang;Kristen Menou; Hong Tao Zhang;Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)Project: NSERC
Differential settling and growth of dust grains impact the structure of the radiative envelopes of gaseous planets during formation. Sufficiently rapid dust growth can result in envelopes with substantially reduced opacities for radiation transport, thereby facilitating planet formation. We revisit the problem and establish that dust settling and grain growth also lead to outer planetary envelopes that are prone to compositional instabilities, by virtue of their inverted mean-molecular weight gradients. Under a variety of conditions, we find that the radiative envelopes of forming planets experience compositional turbulence driven by a semi-transparent version of the thermohaline instability ('fingering convection'). The compositional turbulence seems efficient at mixing dust in the radiative envelopes of planets forming at super-AU distances (say $5$ AU) from a Sun-like star, but not so at sub-AU distances (say $0.2$ AU). We also address the possibility of compositional layering in this context. Distinct turbulent regimes for planetary envelopes growing at sub-AU vs. super-AU distances could leave an imprint on the final planets formed. 9 pages, MNRAS accepted
Average/low popularityAverage/low popularityAverage/low influencePopularity: Citation-based measure reflecting the current impact.Average/low influenceInfluence: Citation-based measure reflecting the total impact.add Add to ORCIDPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Other literature type . 2017Embargo EnglishAuthors:Tamburri, Albert D.;Tamburri, Albert D.;
handle: 1866/18579
Publisher: Université de MontréalCountry: CanadaLa maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) est une maladie neurodégénérative dévastatrice qui touche un grand nombre de personnes. Elle entraîne des troubles de la mémoire et, éventuellement, une perte complète des fonctions cognitives. Le peptide amyloïde-β (Aβ) et la protéine associée aux microtubules tau sont généralement associés à la perte progressive de la mémoire. Dans les stades précoces, la MA se caractérise par une perturbation générale de l'efficacité synaptique. Les effets perturbateurs d'Aβ sur la plasticité à long terme sont bien documentés, par contre nos connaissances des effets immédiats du peptide sur la transmission synaptique sont limitées. Mon hypothèse est qu’Aβ ne nécessite pas une période prolongée pour promouvoir des changements de la transmission synaptique et qu’il peut modifier la fonction synaptique même après une exposition aiguë. Dans l’étude I, je test cette hypothèse à l’aide d’une exposition aiguë d'oligomères Aβ sur des tranches organotypiques d'hippocampe. Mes résultats indiquent qu’Aβ favorise une dépression synaptique sur les neurones pyramidaux hippocampiques avec une cinétique relativement rapide. Je démontre également que la dépression synaptique dépend de l'activation des récepteurs NMDA (NMDAR), mais ne dépend pas du flux d'ions à travers son canal ionique. Puisqu’il a été démontré que l'activation des NMDAR entraîne la phosphorylation de tau, il est plausible qu’Aβ modifie l'excitabilité des neurones en modulant la phosphorylation de cette protéine. Étant donné que les NMDAR jouent un rôle important dans la plasticité synaptique à long terme, cette chaîne d’événements moléculaires pourrait contribuer aux déficits de plasticité observés dans les phases initiales de la MA. Mon hypothèse est qu’Aβ modifie l’activité synaptique en modulant la phosphorylation de tau. Pour tester cette hypothèse, j’induis, dans des neurones de tranches de l’hippocampe, l’expression de formes de tau contenant des mutations qui bloquent la phosphorylation de la protéine aux sites ciblés. Dans l’étude II, j’observe que la phosphorylation de tau aux sites AT8 et AT180 régule l’expression de la plasticité synaptique ainsi que le dysfonctionnement de la transmission synaptique induits par les oligomères d’Aβ. Je démontre aussi que la phosphorylation du site PHF-1 ne contribue pas à la régulation de la plasticité et de la transmission synaptique. Puisque les sites AT8 et AT180 régulent l’interaction de la protéine tau avec la tyrosine kinase Fyn, mes résultats suggèrent que l’interaction entre tau et Fyn est importante pour l’expression de la plasticité synaptique et de la dépression favorisées par les oligomères d’Aβ. En effet, je démontre que l’inhibition de l’activité de la kinase Fyn résulte en un blocage de la dépression synaptique à long terme et un sauvetage de la fonction synaptique en présence d’Aβ. Je conclus que la phosphorylation de la protéine tau à des sites spécifiques est indispensable à l’expression de la plasticité synaptique et j’émets l’hypothèse que les oligomères d’Aβ modifient l'activité synaptique en influençant la stabilité du complexe Fyn-tau. Je propose donc que la perturbation de la stabilité de ce complexe peut être utilisée en thérapie pour inverser les déficits synaptiques dans les stades précoces de la MA. Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia; it is characterized by problems in memory formation, which with time leads to a complete loss of cognitive functions. The peptide amyloid-β (Aβ) and the microtubule-associated protein tau are commonly believed to be responsible for the decline in memory formation. In the early stages of AD, this is thought to happen through a general disruption in synaptic efficiency. The disruptive effects of Aβ on long-term plasticity are well documented; however, little is known about the immediate effects of the peptide on synaptic transmission. My hypothesis is that Aβ does not need a prolonged period to promote changes in synaptic transmission, and that the peptide is able to affect synaptic function even after an acute exposure. In study I, I investigate this hypothesis using an acute exposure of Aβ oligomers to organotypic hippocampal slices. I report that Aβ promotes synaptic depression on hippocampal pyramidal neurons with a fairly rapid kinetic. I also show that the synaptic depression is dependent on the activation of the NMDAR, but independent on the ion flux through the channel. Because it was shown that the activation of the NMDAR leads to phosphorylation of tau, it appears feasible that Aβ modifies neuronal excitability by modulating tau phosphorylation. Since the NMDAR plays a critical role in the induction of long-term plasticity, this cascade of events could contribute to the deficits in plasticity observed during the initial stages of AD. My hypothesis is that Aβ modifies synaptic activity by modulating phosphorylation on tau. To test this hypothesis, I express in hippocampal neurons tau mutants in which phosphorylation on specific sites is blocked. In study II, I report that phosphorylation on tau at the AT8 and AT180 sites regulates the expression of synaptic plasticity as well as the dysfunction in synaptic transmission induced by Aβ oligomers. I also show that phosphorylation at the PHF-1 site is not involved in mediating either effects. Since the AT8 and AT180 sites regulate the interaction of tau protein with the tyrosine kinase Fyn, my results suggested that the interaction between tau and Fyn is important for the expression of synaptic plasticity and the depression mediated by Aβ oligomers. Indeed, I show that inhibiting the activity of Fyn kinase results in a block of LTD and a rescue of synaptic function in presence of Aβ. I conclude that phosphorylation of tau at specific sites is mandatory for the expression of synaptic plasticity, and suggest that Aβ oligomers promote changes of synaptic activity by influencing the stability of the tau-Fyn complex. I therefore propose that disrupting the stability of this complex can be exploited therapeutically to rescue synaptic deficits in the initial stages of AD.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Other literature type . 2022Embargo FrenchAuthors:Laurent-de Chantal, Aude;Laurent-de Chantal, Aude;
handle: 1866/26481
Publisher: Université de MontréalCountry: CanadaThe act of writing invariably implies a desire to say without necessarily resulting in a confession. However, when the desire to confess constitutes the main motivation for writing, or even an obsession, the act of saying or hushing transcends the text, materialising the confession itself. This master’s thesis in Research-Creation looks at this gesture of scriptural revelation following a traumatic event, basing itself on ideas put forward by Michel Foucault in The History of Sexuality, a work published in four tomes between 1976 and 2018 . In the creation part, the guilt associated with the accidental death of the narrator’s father acts as the primary motive of confession but a contradictory desire of silencing and sealing the truth puts a halt to this impulse. The text is composed of fragments, a heterogeneous collage hesitating not only to reveal itself, but in its way to do it. The essay on the other hand, focuses on Anne Hébert’s Les fous de Bassan in which confession is motivated by a feeling of responsibility towards the double murder of the Atkins cousins, shared between the different members of Griffin Creek’s small imagined community, located somewhere on the Gaspesian Coast. Beside confession, the two parts of this thesis will intersect through many themes – notably haunting memories, faith and madness –, ultimately ending in different destinations. L’écriture implique invariablement le désir de dire, sans pour autant aboutir à un aveu. Mais, lorsque cet aveu constitue la source ou l’obsession de l’écriture, l’acte de dire ou de taire transcende le texte, matérialisant ainsi l’aveu lui-même. Ce mémoire de maîtrise en recherche-création s’intéresse à ce geste de révélation scripturale qui suit un événement traumatique, à partir des idées avancées par Michel Foucault dans l’Histoire de la sexualité, ouvrage publié en quatre tomes entre 1976 et 2018 . Le moteur de l’aveu au cœur de la création réside dans la culpabilité de la narratrice associée à la mort accidentelle de son père, mais un désir contraire freine cet élan, celui de passer sous silence la vérité, de celer l’histoire à raconter. C’est un texte composé de fragments, un collage hétérogène qui hésite non seulement à paraître, mais dans sa manière de paraître. L’essai quant à lui porte sur Les fous de Bassan d’Anne Hébert, roman où l’aveu est motivé par un sentiment de responsabilité né du double assassinat des cousines Atkins et partagé entre les membres de leur communauté, soit celle de Griffin Creek, lieu imaginaire situé sur la côte de la Gaspésie. Outre le sujet de l’aveu, les deux parties de ce mémoire croiseront les mêmes chemins – dont ceux de la hantise, de la foi et de la folie – pour cependant parvenir à des destinations différentes. Mémoire en recherche-création
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Other literature type . 2024Embargo EnglishAuthors:El Gamal, Islam; Dessureault, Jean; McEwen, Malcolm R.;El Gamal, Islam; Dessureault, Jean; McEwen, Malcolm R.;Publisher: American Association of Physicists in MedicineCountry: Canada
Background: Electron synchrotrons produce x-ray beams with dose rates orders of magnitude greater than conventional x-ray tubes and with beam sizes on the order of a few millimeters. These characteristics put severe challenges on current dosimeters to accurately realize absorbed dose or air kerma. Purpose: This work seeks to investigate the suitability of a novel aluminum-based calorimeter to determine absorbed dose to water with an uncertainty significantly smaller than currently possible with conventional detectors. A lower uncertainty in the determination of absolute dose rate would impact both therapeutic applications of synchrotron-produced x-ray beams and research investigations. Methods: A vacuum-based calorimeter prototype with an aluminum core was built, matching the beam profile of the 140 keV monochromatic x-ray beam, produced by the Canadian Light Source Biomedical Imaging and Therapy beamline. The choice of material and overall calorimeter design was optimized using FEM thermal modeling software while Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations were used to model the impact of interactions of the radiation beam with the detector components. Results: Corrections for both the thermal conduction and radiation transport effects were of the order of 3% and the simplicity of the geometry, combined with the monochromatic nature of the incident x-ray beam, meant that the uncertainty in each correction was ≤0.5%. The calorimeter performance was found to be repeatable over multiple irradiations of 1 Gy at the ± 0.6% level, and no systematic dependence on environmental effects or total dose was observed. Conclusion: The combined standard uncertainty in the determination of absorbed dose to aluminum was estimated to be 0.8%, indicating that absorbed dose to water, the ultimate quantity of interest, could be determined with an uncertainty on the order of 1%. This value is an improvement over current techniques used for synchrotron dosimetry and comparable with the state-of-the art for conventional kV x-ray dosimetry.
Average/low popularityAverage/low popularityAverage/low influencePopularity: Citation-based measure reflecting the current impact.Average/low influenceInfluence: Citation-based measure reflecting the total impact. - Publication . Article . 2023EmbargoAuthors:Olivier Vincent; P Bergeron; P Dufour;Olivier Vincent; P Bergeron; P Dufour;Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
The next generation of spectroscopic surveys is expected to provide spectra for hundreds of thousands of white dwarf (WD) candidates in the upcoming years. Currently, spectroscopic classification of white dwarfs is mostly done by visual inspection, requiring substantial amounts of expert attention. We propose a data-driven pipeline for fast, automatic selection and spectroscopic classification of WD candidates, trained using spectroscopically confirmed objects with available Gaia astrometry, photometry, and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectra with signal-to-noise ratios $\geq9$. The pipeline selects WD candidates with improved accuracy and completeness over existing algorithms, classifies their primary spectroscopic type with $\gtrsim 90\%$ accuracy, and spectroscopically detects main sequence companions with similar performance. We apply our pipeline to the Gaia Data Release 3 cross-matched with the SDSS Data Release 17 (DR17), identifying 424 096 high-confidence WD candidates and providing the first catalogue of automated and quantifiable classification for 36 523 WD spectra. Both the catalogue and pipeline are made available online. Such a tool will prove particularly useful for the undergoing SDSS-V survey, allowing for rapid classification of thousands of spectra at every data release. Submitted to MNRAS (11 pages, 8 figures)
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Article . 2021EmbargoAuthors:Thomas B. R. Robertson; Nicolas Gilbert; Oliver B. Sutcliffe; Ryan E. Mewis;Thomas B. R. Robertson; Nicolas Gilbert; Oliver B. Sutcliffe; Ryan E. Mewis;
pmid: 33871116
Publisher: WileyCountry: United KingdomProject: NSERCMirfentanil, a fentanyl derivative that is a μ-opioid partial agonist, is hyperpolarised via Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), a para-hydrogen-based technique. [Ir(IMes)(COD)Cl] (IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazole-2-ylidene, COD=cyclooctadiene) was employed as the polarisation transfer catalyst. Following polarisation transfer at 6.5 mT, the pyrazine-protons were enhanced by 78-fold (polarisation, P=0.04 %). The complex [Ir(IMes)(H) (mirfentanil) (MeOH)] is proposed to form based on the observation of two hydrides at δ −22.9 (trans to mirfentanil) and −24.7 (trans to methanol). In a mixture of mirfentanil and heroin, the former could be detected using SABRE at concentrations less than 1 % w/w. At the lowest concentration analyzed, the amount of mirfentanil present was 0.18 mg (812 μM) and produced a signal enhancement of −867-fold (P=0.42 %). following polarisation transfer at 6.5 mT. 2 2 +
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product. - Publication . Other literature type . 2023Embargo FrenchAuthors:Jarjour, Marilyne;Jarjour, Marilyne;
handle: 1866/28209
Publisher: Université de MontréalCountry: CanadaL’insuffisance cardiaque (IC) est associée à une mortalité élevée et de récurrentes hospitalisations. Sa détection précoce et sa prise en charge sont alors considérées fondamentales à une amélioration de la survie et de la qualité de vie des patients qui en souffrent. Pourtant, bien que des lignes directrices synthétisant les évidences des essais cliniques phares soient périodiquement publiées pour guider les cliniciens dans la prise en charge de l’IC, l’adhésion des professionnels de la santé à celles-ci semble être insatisfaisante. En effet, alors que les taux de prescription de certaines thérapies soient élevés, les doses prescrites n’atteignent pas toujours les cibles recommandées et d’autres thérapies sont moins utilisées. Ainsi, bien que l’inertie clinique puisse justifier une partie de ces lacunes, une caractérisation plus élaborée de cette adhésion aux lignes directrices en milieu clinique est nécessaire à une meilleure compréhension de ces écarts et par le fait même, à une meilleure prise en charge de l’IC. L’objectif de ce projet est alors de dresser, dans un premier temps, un portrait détaillé de la prise en charge des patients atteints d’IC avec une fraction d’éjection réduite suivis par une équipe interdisciplinaire dans une clinique ambulatoire spécialisée au Québec puis, dans un second temps, d’évaluer l’impact de cette adhésion sur le pronostic de ces patients. Le premier papier présenté dans ce travail démontre non seulement des taux de prescriptions élevés, mais également des taux d’optimisation des thérapies recommandées supérieurs à ce qui est rapporté dans la littérature, lorsque les paramètres physiologiques et biologiques propres à chaque patient sont considérés. Il reste néanmoins une proportion considérable de patients qui nécessitent une titration plus lente au-delà des 6 mois recommandés tandis que d’autres demeurent indéfiniment à des doses inappropriées. Le second papier présenté approfondit cette analyse et démontre que les patients recevant un traitement pharmacologique aux doses optimales sont ceux qui présentent le meilleur pronostic dans l’année suivant la période d’optimisation allouée, suivis de ceux nécessitant une titration prolongée puis, ceux demeurant à des doses sous-optimales. Or, les patients à plus haut risque de morbidité ou de mortalité sont ceux présentant une intolérance ou une contre-indication aux thérapies recommandées, une population de patients fragiles nécessitant une attention particulière lors de la prise en charge de leur IC. Heart failure (HF) is associated with high mortality rates and recurrent hospitalizations. Hence, its early detection and optimal management are essential to improve the survival and quality of life of patients who suffer from it. Yet, although guidelines synthesizing evidence from landmark clinical trials are periodically published to guide clinicians regarding the management of HF, healthcare providers’ adherence to these recommendations appears to be unsatisfactory. Indeed, while the prescription rates for some therapies are high, doses prescribed do not always reach recommended targets, let alone other therapies that are less often used. Although clinical inertia has been suggested to potentially justify some of these care gaps, a more elaborate characterization of this adherence to guidelines in the real-world clinical setting is necessary for a better understanding of these deviations and ultimately, for a better management of HF. The objective of this project is therefore to, firstly, draw-up a detailed portrait of the management of patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) followed by a multidisciplinary team in a specialized outpatient clinic in Quebec and then, to assess the impact of the different level of adherence to guidelines on the prognosis of these patients. The first paper presented in this work demonstrates not only high prescription rates, but also rates of optimization of recommended therapies higher than what was previously reported in the literature, when physiological and biological parameters specific to each patient are considered. However, there remains a considerable proportion of patients who require slower titration beyond the recommended 6 months while others remain indefinitely on inappropriately low doses. The second paper presented deepens this analysis and demonstrates that patients receiving pharmacological treatment at optimal doses are those with the best prognosis in the year following the allocated optimization period, followed by those requiring prolonged titration and then those remaining at suboptimal doses. However, the patients at the highest risk of morbidity or mortality are those presenting an intolerance or a contraindication to the recommended therapies, a population of fragile patients requiring special attention during the management of their HF.
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