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Supplementary data from the second Critical Assessment of protein Function Annotation (CAFA2). See preprint here: http://arxiv.org/abs/1601.00891

Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2865] Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2858] Supplementary material for: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277538719301664?via%3Dihub]

As part of the Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP), several climate modeling centers performed a coordinated pre-study experiment with interactive stratospheric aerosol models simulating the volcanic aerosol cloud from an eruption resembling the 1815 Mt. Tambora eruption (VolMIP-Tambora ISA ensemble). The pre-study provided the ancillary ability to assess intermodel diversity in the radiative forcing for a large stratospheric-injecting equatorial eruption when the volcanic aerosol cloud is simulated interactively. An initial analysis of the VolMIP-Tambora ISA ensemble showed large disparities between models in the stratospheric global mean aerosol optical depth (AOD). In this study, we now show that stratospheric global mean AOD differences among the participating models are primarily due to differences in aerosol size, which we track here by effective radius. We identify specific physical and chemical processes that are missing in some models and/or parameterized differently between models, which are together causing the differences in effective radius. In particular, our analysis indicates that interactively tracking hydroxyl radical (OH) chemistry following a large volcanic injection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important factor in allowing for the timescale for sulfate formation to be properly simulated. In addition, depending on the timescale of sulfate formation, there can be a large difference in effective radius and subsequently AOD that results from whether the SO2 is injected in a single model grid cell near the location of the volcanic eruption, or whether it is injected as a longitudinally averaged band around the Earth.

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) offers micron-resolution 2D chemical imaging, which has been adapted recently to ice core analysis. Measurements were performed in 2020 at the Ca’Foscari University of Venice, in order to investigate the localization of impurities in the ice samples. Here an image is presented from applying LA-ICP-MS elemental imaging to a glacial (MIS2, bag 1065) samples of the EPICA Dome C ice core from central Antarctica. Lateral resolution is 35 microns both along and perpendicular to the scan direction. Considered as analytes are 23Na, 25Mg and 88Sr. Background and drift correction as well as image construction were performed using the software HDIP (Teledyne Photon Machines, Bozeman, MT, USA). Impurity images are acquired as a pattern of lines, without overlap in the direction perpendicular to that of the scan, and without any further spatial interpolation. Each pixel in an ice core chemical image has a size of 35 μm x 35 μm. For each chemical element the datasets comprise a numerical matrix which contains rows and columns according to the physical size of the image: an image of 7 mm x 35 mm in size has 200 rows and 1000 columns. The numerical entries in this matrix refer to the recorded intensity (e.g. in counts). Values lower than the detection limit are set to zero. Due to the careful synchronization, the individual pixels of the different chemical channels can be considered to be almost perfectly spatially aligned. In contrast, the mosaic of visual images obtained from the laser camera is not a-priori aligned with the chemical images. The visual images are generally characterized by air bubbles (dark blobs), grain boundaries (dark lines) and occasional sub-grain boundaries (thin dark lines).

Obiskovalcu, ki pozna dosedanje postavitve razstav Romana Makšeta in s pogledom objame razstavljeno kompozicijo, se zdi vse znano. Pred njegovimi očmi so prostori, skulpture objekti, ki jih je že videl, vendar že prvi, drugače dodan element (les, kamen, terakota, steklo, mavčni povoji, gobi), pa tudi v objektih in ob njih v klasičnih razstavnih okvirjih poudarjene atraktivne barvne računalniške grafične podobe znanstvenika Hernana Makseta, vzbudijo željo po raziskovanju, po natančnejšem odkrivanju vsake posameznosti posebej. Zunanjost objektov skulptur je bleščeča, hladna, industrijska, neosebna, medtem ko je notranjost toplejša, ne vzbuja pa občutka domačnosti, temveč prej laboratorija. Zato tudi izbran naslov za razstavljena dela ne preseneča. Notranjost, ki je lahko ustvarjalna delavnica ali razstavni prostor za skulpture, ni opremljena z nikakršnim sediščem. Gledalca ne nagovarja k 'nadaljevanju' umetniškega dela oziroma k sodelovanju, temveč ga seznanja z znanstvenimi, laboratorijskimi dognanji.