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Abstract This study presents a comparative analysis of F1 and F2 vowel frequencies from Pijal Media Lengua (PML) and Imbabura Quichua. Mixed-effects models are used to test Spanish-derived high and low vowels against their Quichua-derived counterparts for statistical significance. Spanish-derived and Quichua-derived high vowels are also tested against Spanish-derived mid vowels. This analysis suggests that PML may be manipulating as many as eight vowels where Spanishderived high and low vowels coexist as near-mergers with their Quichua-derived counterparts, while high and mid vowels coexist with partial overlap. Quichua, traditionally viewed as a three-vowel system, shows similar results and may be manipulating as many as six vowels.

Dataset related to article: Heavy-oxide glasses with superior mechanical assets for nonlinear fiber applications in the mid-infrared. Cl��ment Strutynski, Florian Calzavara, Th��o Guerineau, Laura Loi, Romain Laberdesque, Jean-Michel Rampnoux, Steeve Morency, Yannick Ledemi, Yannick Petit, Marc Dussauze, Fr��d��ric D��s��v��davy, Fr��d��ric Smektala, Sylvain Danto, Lionel Canioni, Younes Messaddeq, Evelyne Fargin, Thierry Cardinal. Optical Materials Express. 2021, volume 11, issue 5, pp. 1420-1430 https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.417699 The data were measured internally with instrumentations belonging to the tem in Bordeaux. UV-Visible-NIR transmission spectra of the glass were recorded in the 0.2 ��m - 3.3 ��m range using an Agilent Cary 5000 UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer. Transmission in the Mid-IR was collected using a Bruker FTIR Optical losses measurements of single-index fibers were carried out using the cutback method on several meters-long samples. The Raman gain cross-section was calculated from spontaneous scattering spectra measured in in VV (vertical polarization for the excitation and the analysis) configuration using a micro-Raman setup. A spectroscopic phase modulated ellipsometric measurement had thus been performed with an UVISEL apparatus (HORIBA Jobin-Yvon) to determine the refractive index n of the GGBLaY glass, after a fine calibration of the ellipsometre with the reference Silica glass over the spectral range between 0.260 ��m to 2 ��m thanks to the comparison to literature.

Harry Alpert (1912􏰀1977), the US sociologist, is best-known for his directorship of the National Science Foundation’s social science programme in the 1950s. This study extends our understanding of Alpert in two main ways: first, by examining the earlier development of his views and career. Beginning with his 1939 biography of Emile Durkheim, we explore the early development of Alpert’s views about foundational questions concerning the scientific status of sociology and social science more generally, proper social science methodology, the practical value of social science, the academic institutionalisation of sociology, and the unity-of- science viewpoint. Second, this paper illuminates Alpert’s complex involvement with certain tensions in mid-century US social science that were themselves linked to major transformations in national science policy, public patronage, and unequal relations between the social and natural sciences. We show that Alpert’s views about the intellectual foundations, practical relevance, and institutional standing of the social sciences were, in some important respects, at odds with his NSF policy work. Although remembered as a quantitative evangelist and advocate for the unity-of-science viewpoint, Alpert was in fact an urbane critic of natural-science envy, social scientific certainty, and what he saw as excessive devotion to quantitative methods.

Report by IUPAP Working Group 9 (WG9), International Cooperation in Nuclear Physics (ICNP).

The third instars of Coelhydrus brevicollis Sharp and Darwinhydrus solidus Sharp are described and illustrated for the first time, with detailed morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphi. A key for the identification of the third instars of the genera of Hyphydrini known in detail is provided. A parsimony analysis based on 49 informative larval characteristics was conducted using the program TNT. The consensus tree supports a placement of Coelhydrus Sharp and Darwinhydrus Sharp within the tribe Hyphydrini. Within the Hyphydrini, Coelhydrus is postulated to share a monophyletic origin with Hyphydrus Illiger and Desmopachria Babington. The phylogenetic placement of Darwinhydrus, however, remains contentious as our study found it part of an unresolved polytomy with Andex Sharp and Primospes Sharp. Fil: Alarie, Yves. Laurentian University; Canadá Fil: Michat, Mariano Cruz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina Fil: Challet, Gilbert L.. Foothill Ranch; Estados Unidos

This study explores mid and high vowel perception in and across Ecuadorian Spanish, Quichua, and Media Lengua (a mixed language containing Quichua systemic elements and Spanish lexicon). Quichua and Media Lengua were originally considered three vowel systems comprised of /i, u, a/. However, recent production results reveal that mid vowels /e, o/ may have entered these languages through Spanish lexical borrowings. The aim of the present study is to test listener perception with minimal pairs containing different mid and high vowels to determine how listeners identify them. A two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) identification task experiment with paired stimuli, gradually modified along 10-step continua, revealed that listeners of all three languages demonstrate a relatively high degree of consistent response patterns with the exception of older Quichua listeners. The results of this study coupled with the ‘intermixed’ acoustic spaces in which the vowels are produced also call into question the predictions that might be made in theoretical models of L2/non-native speech perception.

In spoken languages, disfluent speech, narrative effects, discourse information, and phrase position may influence the lengthening of segments beyond their typical duration. In sign languages, however, the primary use of the visual-gestural modality results in articulatory differences not expressed in spoken languages. This paper looks at sign lengthening in American Sign Language (ASL). Comparing two retellings of the Pear Story narrative from five signers, three primary lengthening mechanisms were identified: elongation, repetition, and deceleration. These mechanisms allow signers to incorporate lengthening into signs which may benefit from decelerated language production due to high information load or complex articulatory processes. Using a mixed effects model, significant differences in duration were found between (i) non-conventionalized forms vs. lexical signs, (ii) signs produced during role shift vs. non-role shift, (iii) signs in phrase-final/initial vs. phrase-medial position, (iv) new vs. given information, and (v) (non-disordered) disfluent signing vs. non-disfluent signing. These results provide insights into duration effects caused by information load and articulatory processes in ASL.

An analysis of the primary setae and pores of first instars of 13 species of Dytiscinae was performed to deduce the ancestral system of primary setae and pores of the head capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphus. One hundred and thirty-one setae, 69 pores and three setal groups have been assigned to the ground-plan pattern of the dytiscine larva, 27 setae and 20 pores on the head capsule; 30 setae, 25 pores and three setal groups on the cephalic appendages; 51 setae and 18 pores on the legs; 15 setae and three pores on the last abdominal segment; and eight setae and three pores on the urogomphus. A hypothesis of the phylogeny of the tribes of Dytiscinae is presented on a cladistic analysis of first instar chaetotaxy characters conducted using the program TNT. All tribes of Dytiscinae were included with larger tribes represented by multiple genera. Our concept of the subfamily Dytiscinae as defined on the basis of first instar chaetotaxy was found separated into three distinct clades: (1) Cybistrini, (2) Dytiscini + Hyderodini, and (3) Aubehydrini + Hydaticini + Eretini + Aciliini. The proposed relationships of the tribes of Dytiscinae are ((Cybistrini + (Hyderodini + Dytiscini)) + (Aubehydrini + (Hydaticini + (Eretini + Aciliini)))). Characters useful for phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily are described and illustrated. Fil: Alarie, Yves. Laurentian University. Department of Biology; Canadá Fil: Michat, Mariano Cruz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio de Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria; Argentina Fil: Miller, Kelly B.. University of New Mexico; Estados Unidos

The first instar of Hoperius planatus Fall, 1927 is described and illustrated for the first time with an emphasis on the chaetotaxy of the head capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphi. Hoperius planatus is characterized by the presence of additional campaniform sensilla (pores) on the frontoclypeus, representing a unique character state within the tribe Colymbetini (Colymbetinae). A phylogenetic analysis based on 42 first-instar characters using the program TNT reinforces the hypothesis of monophyletic origin of the Colymbetini and suggests a placement of Hoperius Fall, 1927 as sister to a clade comprised of Neoscutopterus J. Balfour-Browne, 1943, Meladema Laporte, 1835, and Bunites Spangler, 1972. Members of this clade are uniquely characterized within the Colymbetini by the presence of a large number of additional spiniform sensilla on the urogomphus. Fil: Barman, E. H.. Georgia State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Michat, Mariano Cruz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina Fil: Alarie, Yves. Laurentian University. Department Of Biology; Canadá Fil: Wolfe, G. W.. Georgia State University; Estados Unidos

In this paper we present a complete framework for modelling and estimating vessel GHG emissions and related air pollutants (i.e. CO2 and SOx, NOx and PM) in ports, based on data collected from the Automatic Identification System (AIS). Our approach adopts a modified lambda architecture approach, which consists of a knowledge extraction batch processing step and a real time emissions calculation step. The approach makes it possible to automatically identify the berths or ports where emissions are high in a consistent and uniform way across the globe. This research is part of the Project OPS Master Plan for Spanish Ports (2015-EU-TM-0417) which is co-financed by the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) for the building of the European Union's Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T). http://poweratberth.eu/