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My special thanks go to my research director, Mr Roger Nkambou, professor in the department of computer science at UQÀM, and my research co-director, Ms Jacqueline Bourdeau, professor at the Télé-Université. As well, I especially thank Professor Froduald Kabanza, Dr. Jean Roy and Dr Rolland Yatchou.; Ph. D. Thesis in cognitive informatics, Department of computer sciences, Unversité du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Canada; In an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), issues related to the design and the implementation of the cognitive diagnosis (DC) of learner's behavior is addressed intuitively according to the specific goals of this STI. From a purely operational viewpoint, this approach is not really bad since the STIs arising from it, "work". However, when it comes to give to DC a pedagogical dimension in the human tutors, a look into perspective on more fundamental considerations promotes reflection in this direction. This thesis formulates, formalizes and implements explicitly a “pro-pedagogical” dimension of the DC in the STI.

Note du Comité. Groupe "Genre et Recherche en Santé"

La publication des preprint est bilingue, français et russe.; Communications dans le cadre d'une journée d'études franco-russe (PICS ETRANSOV); Dans les années 1917-1941, avec la mise en place et le durcissement du pouvoir bolchevik, avec l'émergence d'un nouveau système de valeurs, les notions de " eux " et " nous ", déjà présentes dans la vieille Russie, s'imposent dans tous les domaines. L'homme nouveau qui va naître ou qui sera soumis à une rééducation, saura, par son esprit de classe, faire la distinction entre les fidèles à la cause du communisme et les étrangers, ennemis capitalistes ou étrangers de l'intérieur, les ennemis du peuple. Ces douze études sont consacrées à la question complexe du rapport à " l'étranger " à travers les théories esthétiques, les orientations et les activités des revues et associations internationales, à travers l'éducation et la politique culturelles soviétiques. Au centre de ces interrogations se dresse la figure de Gorki, vivant jusqu'au début des années trente à l'étranger, Gorki animé d'un projet grandiose de traduction et de publication de littératures de tous les pays. Quelle politique culturelle est menée pour permettre la définition d'une identité et d'une spécificité " soviétiques " ? Quelle est la place des courants esthétiques étrangers dans la constitution des théories et des groupes littéraires et artistiques en URSS ? Quelles formes de résistance à la culture étrangère se mettent en place ? Telles sont quelques-unes des pistes de réflexion ici présentées.

publié par www.trielec2012.fr; Les thèmes et le style des principaux candidats ont-ils changé depuis leur entrée en lice ? L'analyse conduit à trois conclusions principales. Premièrement, les principaux candidats et leurs équipes ont privilégié la simplicité. A l'exception de M. Le Pen, ils ont adopté, dans leur discours et leurs entretiens, un vocabulaire peu diversifié et assez général, réservant le vocabulaire spécialisé aux communiqués. Deuxièmement, tous les candidats se sont tenus aux thèmes qu'ils s'étaient fixés au départ, sans y apporter de modifications importantes en cours de campagne. F. Bayrou a présenté son programme fin janvier et l'a développé sans y apporter de modifications ou de nouveauté majeure. F. Hollande a développé pendant six mois, les thèmes présentés lors de la convention d'investiture d'octobre 2011, accentuant simplement les critiques contre N. Sarkozy en fin de campagne. N. Sarkozy a profité des vœux que le président adresse en début d'année aux différents corps constitués - puis de la crise de l'Euro - pour esquisser son programme pour un second quinquennat. En dehors de son discours de Villepinte, il n'a rien apporté de neuf à cette thématique. Troisièmement, F. Hollande est le seul à présenter des fluctuations stylistiques importantes, comme s'il avait eu du mal à trouver son style de communication ou comme si ses rédacteurs avaient changé à plusieurs reprises. Les autres font preuve d'une stabilité remarquable qui suggère que leur communication a été confiée à un très petit nombre de collaborateurs sous une direction unique.

Published in the twelfth Algorithmic Number Theory Symposium in Kaiserslautern; Consider two ordinary elliptic curves $E,E'$ defined over a finite field $\F_q$, and suppose that there exists an isogeny $\psi$ between $E$ and $E'$. We propose an algorithm that determines $\psi$ from the knowledge of $E$, $E'$ and of its degree $r$, by using the structure of the $ℓ$-torsion of the curves (where $ℓ$~is a prime different from the characteristic~$p$ of the base field). Our approach is inspired by a previous algorithm due to Couveignes, that involved computations using the $p$-torsion on the curves. The most refined version of that algorithm, due to De Feo, has a complexity of~$\tildO(r^2) p^{O(1)}$ base field operations. On the other hand, the cost of our algorithm is $\tildO(r^2) \log(q)^{O(1)}$, for a large class of inputs; this makes it an interesting alternative for the medium- and large-characteristic cases.

Research note of the Canada Research Chair on the Socio-organizational Challenges of the Knowledge Economy. Montreal: Télé-université, Université du Québec à Montréal. www.teluq.uqam.ca/chaireecosavoir.; Over the last few decades, many countries have found themselves in a context characterized by the spread of the knowledge-based economy (OECD, 1996; Foray and Lundvall, 1995; Soete, 1996; Storper, 1995). The Knowledge Economy implies a farreaching transformation of the labour market, particularly in terms of job mobility and career development (Christensen, 1989). In this context, careers are increasingly fragmented, and people are more mobile in the labour market, with social networks playing an important role in this job mobility as well as in professional development. Although not everyone is concerned by these developments, and there are some resistances to this change in work organization and careers, it is clear that some sectors, particularly the New Economy creative sectors (multimedia, New media such as digital video, tv and the like, ITC), are very much concerned by these developments. This constitutes a considerable challenge for occupational development, since it used to be provided by the firm within internal labour markets and this can no longer be the case when people are more mobile. Now, especially in sectors such as ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) and multimedia, characterized by extreme mobility between firms, but also by a need for permanent professional development, the challenge for firms to capture strategic advantages presents itself in a new perspective. In our view, these new careers, described by some as "nomadic" (Cadin, 1998; Arthur, Claman and De Fillippi, 1995; De Fillippi and Arthur, 1998; Hendry and Jenkins, 1997; Hendry, Arthur and Jones, 1995) and by others as "discontinuous" (Tremblay, 1997), lead us to question our vision of organizations and organization theory. Let us add that in terms of Communications and Strategies, the sector and the questions it poses are surely important, since they call into question the impact of the Communications sector and its developments in multimedia and ICT, as well as management strategies that may be developing in these sectors. Over the last two years, we have conducted research on people who work in the ICT and multimedia industry. Our paper will dwell on the new types of careers developing in these sectors, highlighting a new form of work organization, which is more informal and rests very much on social networks developed by the workers in these sectors. We will highlight the new type of careers and work organization that is observed and conclude with some questions which need to be addressed in the context of the development of ICT and multimedia and particularly as concerns careers and work organization of the future. The new economic sectors characterized by mobility and nomadic behaviour present insights that can be useful in modernizing Work Organization and Career theories, although it may be too soon to draw conclusions as to what this new theoretical vision should be. Clearly, the new vision would need to take into account new forms of learning, new forms of careers offered by firms, aspirations of young workers in these sectors, etc. It also should take into account the specificities of networks of workers in the ICT and multimedia sectors, as well as the construction of careers of professionals and technicians who are at the core of the competitive advantage of the ICT and multimedia firms.

Revue sans Comité de lecture; International audience; Predicting heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton growth rates (µ) is of great scientific interest. Many methods have been developed in order to assess bacterial or phytoplankton µ. One widely used method is to estimate µ from data obtained on biomass or cell abundance and rates of biomass or cell production. According to Kirchman (2002), the most appropriate approach for estimating µ is simply to divide the production rate by the biomass or cell abundance estimate. Most of the methods using this approach are expressed using carbon (C) data. Nevertheless it is also possible to estimate µ using phosphate (P) data. We showed that particulate phosphate (PartP) can be used to estimate biomass and that the phosphate uptake rate to PartP ratio can be employed to assess µ. Contrary to other methods using C, this estimator does not need conversion factors and provides an evaluation of µ for both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms. We report values of P-based µ in three size fractions (0.2–0.6; 0.6–2 and >2 µm) along a Southeast Pacific transect, over a wide range of P-replete trophic status. P-based µ values were higher in the 0.6–2 µm fraction than in the >2 µm fraction, suggesting that picoplankton-sized cells grew faster than the larger cells, whatever the trophic regime encountered. Picoplankton-sized cells grew significantly faster in the deep chlorophyll maximum layer than in the upper part of the photic zone in the oligotrophic gyre area, suggesting that picoplankton might outcompete >2 µm cells in this particular high-nutrient, low-light environment. P-based µ attributed to free-living bacteria (0.2–0.6 µm) and picoplankton (0.6–2 µm) size-fractions were relatively low (0.11±0.07 d-1 and 0.14±0.04 d-1, respectively) in the Southeast Pacific gyre, suggesting that the microbial community turns over very slowly.

URL des Documents de travail : http://ces.univ-paris1.fr/cesdp/cesdp2012.html; Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2012.57 - ISSN : 1955-611X; Whether to keep products segregated (e.g., unbundled) or integrate some or all of them (e.g., bundle) has been a problem of profound interest in areas such as portfolio theory in finance, risk capital allocations in insurance, and marketing of consumer products. Such decisions are inherently complex and depend on factors such as the underlying product values and consumer preferences, the latter being frequently described using value functions, also known as utility functions in economics. In this paper, we develop decision rules for multiple products, which we generally call 'exposure units' to naturally cover manifold scenarios spanning well beyond 'products'. Our findings show, for example, that the celebrated Thaler's principles of mental accounting hold as originally postulated when the values of all exposure units are positive (i.e., all are gains) or all negative (i.e., all are losses). In the case of exposure units mixed-sign values, decision rules are much more complex and rely on cataloging the Bell-number of cases that grow very fast depending on the number of exposure units. Consequently, in the present paper we provide detailed rules for the integration and segregation decisions in the case up to three exposure units, and partial rules for the arbitrary number of units.; Le choix de vendre des biens l'unité ou en "package" est un sujet d'intérêt dans de multiples applications telles que la théorie de portefeuille en finance, l'allocation du capital risque en assurance et le marketing de biens de consommation. De telles décisions sont complexes et dépendent de facteurs tels que la valeur sous-jacente des biens et les préférences des consommateurs. Dans cet article nous proposons des règles de décision pour des biens multiples et nous proposons une extension du fameux principe de Thaler de comptabilité mentale qui ne s'appliquait originellement qu'au cas de deux biens de même signe (gains ou pertes). Dans le cas de biens mixtes multiples, les décisions deviennent plus complexes et reposent sur les partitions des nombres de Bell qui augmentent de manière exponentielle avec le nombre de biens. Ainsi dans cet article, nous présentons des règles détaillées dans le choix d'intégrer ou de séparer trois biens ainsi que des règles partielles pour un nombre arbitraire de biens.

URL des Documents de travail : https://centredeconomiesorbonne.univ-paris1.fr/documents-de-travail-du-ces/; Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2019.13 - ISSN : 1955-611X; This paper examines the rise of China's relative standing in the global academic science marketplace. We first develop a simple theoretical model, based on the aggregation of individual knowledge production functions. This model predicts the existence of a stable power (scaling) law, relating the world share of countries' scientific production to their world share of public investment in scientific research. We test and confirm this prediction, using bibliometric crosscountry longitudinal data for OECD and non-OECD countries, over the 1996-2015 period. This analysis allows for China's impressive catch-up, and for the West's decline to be accounted for, in the science marketplace, over the last two decades.; Cet article analyse la montée en puissance de la Chine et l'évolution de sa place relative sur le marché scientifique mondial. Tout d'abord, nous développons un modèle théorique simple basé sur l'agrégation de fonctions de production de savoir individuelles. Ce modèle prédit l'existence d'une loi de puissance stable entre la part d'un pays dans les publications scientifiques mondiales et sa part dans les investissements de recherche publique mondiaux. Nous testons et confirmons ces prédictions en utilisant des données bibliométriques et des bases de données de l'OCDE sur l'investissement des pays dans la recherche publique. Ces données portent sur la période 1996-2015. Cette analyse permet de rendre compte de l'impressionnant rattrapage de la Chine et du déclin relatif des pays occidentaux sur le marché scientifique mondial, survenus durant les deux dernières décennies.

Rapport de recherche du LaBRI : RR-1468-09; A mobile robot represented by a point moving in the plane has to explore an unknown terrain with obstacles. Both the terrain and the obstacles are modeled as arbitrary polygons. We consider two scenarios: the unlimited vision, when the robot situated at a point p of the terrain explores (sees) all points q of the terrain for which the segment pq belongs to the terrain, and the limited vision, when we require additionally that the distance between p and q be at most 1. All points of the terrain (except obstacles) have to be explored and the performance of an exploration algorithm is measured by the length of the trajectory of the robot. For unlimited vision we show an exploration algorithm with complexity O(P + D√k), where P is the total perimeter of the terrain (including perimeters of obstacles), D is the diameter of the convex hull of the terrain, and k is the number of obstacles. We do not assume knowledge of these parameters. We also prove a matching lower bound showing that the above complexity is optimal, even if the terrain is known to the robot. For limited vision we show exploration algorithms with complexity O(P + A + √Ak), where A is the area of the terrain (excluding obstacles). Our algorithms work either for arbitrary terrains, if one of the parameters A or k is known, or for c-fat terrains, where c is any constant (unknown to the robot) and no additional knowledge is assumed. (A terrain T with obstacles is c-fat if R/r ≤ c, where R is the radius of the smallest disc containing T and r is the radius of the largest disc contained in T .) We also prove a matching lower bound Ω(P + A + √Ak) on the complexity of exploration for limited vision, even if the terrain is known to the robot.