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We investigate the power of voting among diverse, randomized software agents. With teams of computer Go agents in mind, we develop a novel theoretical model of two-stage noisy voting that builds on recent work in machine learning. This model allows us to reason about a collection of agents with different biases (determined by the first-stage noise models), which, furthermore, apply randomized algorithms to evaluate alternatives and produce votes (captured by the second-stage noise models). We analytically demonstrate that a uniform team, consisting of multiple instances of any single agent, must make a significant number of mistakes, whereas a diverse team converges to perfection as the number of agents grows. Our experiments, which pit teams of computer Go agents against strong agents, provide evidence for the effectiveness of voting when agents are diverse.

A graph drawing is greedy if, for every ordered pair of vertices (x,y), there is a path from x to y such that the Euclidean distance to y decreases monotonically at every vertex of the path. Greedy drawings support a simple geometric routing scheme, in which any node that has to send a packet to a destination "greedily" forwards the packet to any neighbor that is closer to the destination than itself, according to the Euclidean distance in the drawing. In a greedy drawing such a neighbor always exists and hence this routing scheme is guaranteed to succeed. In 2004 Papadimitriou and Ratajczak stated two conjectures related to greedy drawings. The greedy embedding conjecture states that every 3-connected planar graph admits a greedy drawing. The convex greedy embedding conjecture asserts that every 3-connected planar graph admits a planar greedy drawing in which the faces are delimited by convex polygons. In 2008 the greedy embedding conjecture was settled in the positive by Leighton and Moitra. In this paper we prove that every 3-connected planar graph admits a planar greedy drawing. Apart from being a strengthening of Leighton and Moitra's result, this theorem constitutes a natural intermediate step towards a proof of the convex greedy embedding conjecture.

Background: Globally, an estimated 24.8% or 1.62 billion of the world population suffer from anemia and 25.4%of them are school-age children. Anemia can cause lack of oxygen transported to the brain, and the concerned individuals will not concentrate well in learning. This will ultimately causes the decline in academic performance. Methods: This study is an analytical survey with cross sectional design. The sampling method is simple random sampling, with 85 samples. Hemoglobin levels were measured by using digital hemoglobinometer while academic performanceare based on the value of test results for one semester. The data were analyzed using chi square technique to determine the relationship between the hemoglobin and academic performance among students of SD. Negeri No. 101837 Suka Makmur, Kecamatan Sibolangit, Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Results: Samples who are anemic and have low academic achievement showed the greatest number as many as 29 people (34.1%) while the samples who are not anemic and have high academic achievement are as many as 12 people (14.1%). Chi square analysis showed p < 0.05 which means that there is a correlation between hemoglobin level and academic performance. Conclusions: There is a correlation betweenhemoglobin level and academic performance among students of SD. Negeri No. 101837 Suka Makmur, Kecamatan Sibolangit, Kabupaten Deli Serdang. 080100323

Supplementary data for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.08.060] Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2552] Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2989]

Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 causes invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease in sub-Saharan Africa, targeting susceptible HIV + , malarial or malnourished individuals. An in-depth genomic comparison between the ST313 isolate D23580, and the well-characterized ST19 isolate 4/74 that causes gastroenteritis across the globe, revealed extensive synteny. To understand how the 856 nucleotide variations generated phenotypic differences, we devised a large-scale experimental approach that involved the global gene expression analysis of strains D23580 and 4/74 grown in sixteen infection-relevant growth conditions. Comparison of transcriptional patterns identified virulence and metabolic genes that were differentially expressed between D23580 versus 4/74, many of which were validated by proteomics. We also uncovered the S. Typhimurium D23580 and 4/74 genes that showed expression differences during infection of murine macrophages. Our comparative transcriptomic data are presented in a new enhanced version of the Salmonella expression compendium SalComD23580: bioinf.gen.tcd.ie/cgi-bin/salcom_v2.pl . We discovered that the ablation of melibiose utilization was caused by 3 independent SNP mutations in D23580 that are shared across ST313 lineage 2, suggesting that the ability to catabolise this carbon source has been negatively selected during ST313 evolution. The data revealed a novel plasmid maintenance system involving a plasmid-encoded CysS cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, highlighting the power of large-scale comparative multi-condition analyses to pinpoint key phenotypic differences between bacterial pathovariants.

This research aims to determined the effect of promotions and discounts on purchasing decisions cosmetics brand The Body Shop Outlet Sun Plaza Medan. The type of this research is quantitative descriptive with survey method. Sample of this research is 100 consumers of The Body Shop Outlet Sun Plaza Medan, using proportionate stratified random sampling. The hypothesis in this research is tasted using multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. The research showed that the promotions partial positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions, while the discounts are not positive and significant impact on the consumer purchasing decisions on brand cosmetic products The Body Shop Outlet Sun Plaza Medan. Simultaneously the influence of promotions and discounts positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions cosmetics brand The Body Shop Outlet Sun Plaza Medan. 110502228

Streamflow in south-central Chile (SCC, ∼ 37–42∘ S) is vital for agriculture, forestry production, hydroelectricity, and human consumption. Recent drought episodes have generated hydrological deficits with damaging effects on these activities. This region is projected to undergo major reductions in water availability, concomitant with projected increases in water demand. However, the lack of long-term records hampers the development of accurate estimations of natural variability and trends. In order to provide more information on long-term streamflow variability and trends in SCC, here we report findings of an analysis of instrumental records and a tree-ring reconstruction of the summer streamflow of the Río Imperial (∼ 37∘ 40′ S–38∘ 50′ S). This is the first reconstruction in Chile targeted at this season. Results from the instrumental streamflow record (∼ 1940 onwards) indicated that the hydrological regime is fundamentally pluvial with a small snowmelt contribution during spring, and evidenced a decreasing trend, both for the summer and the full annual record. The reconstruction showed that streamflow below the average characterized the post-1980 period, with more frequent, but not more intense, drought episodes. We additionally found that the recent positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode has significantly influenced streamflow. These findings agree with previous studies, suggesting a robust regional signal and a shift to a new hydrological scenario. In this paper, we also discuss implications of these results for water managers and stakeholders; we provide rationale and examples that support the need for the incorporation of tree-ring reconstructions into water resources management.