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In keeping with recent contributions to the debate over the "nineteenth century revolution in government", this article proposes methodological considerations for the identification and enumeration of servants of the state in the United Canadas. After an examination of difficulties presented by the use of official source materials, the article highlights the methodological limitations of a bureaucratic model of state power. Inscrit dans le débat sur la « nineteenth century revolution in government », cet article propose des considérations méthodologiques pour identifier et dénombrer le personnel de l'État au Canada-Uni. Après avoir relevé les embûches des sources officielles, l'article souligne les limites méthodologiques du modèle bureaucratique du pouvoir de l'État.

In his Geschichte der Sklaverei in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika (1860), Friedrich Kapp drew on a German concept of a clash between Germanic and Romanic civilisations to explain the American conflict between North and South. Kapp responded to an analogous ideology propagated by Southerners that divided the US into an Anglo-Saxon North and Norman South. In doing so, Kapp demonstrated a unique synthesis of German and American thought that set his response to the South apart from that of Anglo-American anti-slavery thinkers. More importantly, by applying the clash of civilisations in a transatlantic way, Kapp universalised and strengthened the concept for its eventual later application again in Germany. In seinem Werk Geschichte der Sklaverei in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika (1860) griff Friedrich Kapp auf ein deutsches Konzept von einem Kampf des germanischen und romanischen Geistes zuruck, um den amerikanischen Sklavenkonflikt zwischen Nord und Sud zu erleuchten. Dies war seine Antwort auf eine vergleichbare, im amerikanischen Suden verbreitete Ideologie, die die USA in einen angelsachsischen Norden und einen normannischen Suden teilte. Kapps Antwort auf die sudlandischen Rebellen stellt eine Synthese der deutschen und der amerikanischen Denkweisen dar, die zugleich einen Gegensatz zur Reaktion der anglo-amerikanischen Figuren der Antisklavereibewegung bildete. Noch wichtiger ist, dass Kapps transatlantische Anwendung des Konzepts eines Zivilisationsstreites in der Folge universalisiert und verstarkt wurde: die Idee trat schlieslich auch im deutschen Kontext wieder auf.

This article charts how movies were integrated into the existing popular print culture of weekend newspapers in North America between 1911 and 1915. Neither the movie theatre nor the newspaper should be given priority as the primary site of cinema culture. The practice of reading a newspaper’s film page would be incomplete without a trip to join the mass audience at a movie theatre; conversely, a moviegoer’s pleasure could be whetted by the print supplement. Early, isolated experiments in metropolitan newspapers led to syndicates offering film pages for reproduction in small town papers. With the proliferation of moving picture publicity in newspapers throughout 1913, film studios began to collaborate with newspaper syndicates on a continental scale. Movie stories appeared in daily and weekly forms in various newspapers chains, well beyond the familiar ‘serial queen’ fiction tie-in. A subscription to the newspaper could become a commitment to engage with the mass market for movies. Insofar as a public is ...

Abstract Beechcroft and Lakehurst are two properties at Roches Point, situated on the southern shore of Lake Simcoe (figure 1). Large private land holdings, which serve as a buffer to these properties, have enabled them to survive in their 19th-century styles. One, Beechcroft, is laid out in the English landscape style. According to strong local tradition its grounds were designed by America's first landscape architect, Frederick Law Olmsted. The garden is further believed to have been so created about 1870 during the occupancy of A.G.P. Dodge of New York City. The present paper includes a biographical sketch of Dodge, focusing on his Canadian years and his residence at Roches Point, an examination of the evidence for the Olmsted connection, and an evaluation of the existing landscape of the property. The adjoining property, known as Lakehurst, shows the influence of Olmstedian patterns but is much more in the horticultural and gardenesque tradition. The present paper provides historical information regar...

Calcite , with its subtitle “ The mineral with the most forms ” is an exemplary initiative by Lapis International to present the wonders of natural history to the population at large and to popularize the science of mineralogy in general. It presents a splendid succession of insights into the

Abstract Sphenopterid specimens from the Late Pennsylvanian of Sydney Coalfield, Canada, are investigated by FTIR and py-GC-MS techniques as part of an on-going research project into the biochemistry and chemotaxonomy of Pennsylvanian-age pteridophylls. Included in the investigation are samples of the true-fern species Oligocarpia brongniartii and Zeilleria delicatula that are preserved as naturally macerated cuticles (NMC), and the seed-fern Eusphenopteris neuropteroides that is also preserved as a compression/impression. FTIR spectra of NMC seed-fern E. neuropteroides, and fern sphenopterid O. brongniartii are very similar, except that the latter does not have aromatic bands in the 700–900 cm−1 out-of-plane region. py-GC-MS show more aromatic compounds for the seed fern than for the two true-fern sphenopterids. Another difference between seed-fern and true-fern sphenopterids is a lower ratio of CH2 to CH3 in chemically treated specimens (CTC) for the seed fern. These observations suggest slightly higher aromaticity for the seed ferns, perhaps related to some chemotaxonomic differences. Comparison of FTIR and py-GC-MS characteristics of sphenopterids and other plant groups shows that these two techniques have potential to identifying chemotaxonomic signals from Carboniferous pteridophylls in general, although more data are needed to confirm this.