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Model physics and chemistry causing intermodel disagreement within the VolMIP-Tambora Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol ensemble
Model physics and chemistry causing intermodel disagreement within the VolMIP-Tambora Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol ensemble
As part of the Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP), several climate modeling centers performed a coordinated pre-study experiment with interactive stratospheric aerosol models simulating the volcanic aerosol cloud from an eruption resembling the 1815 Mt. Tambora eruption (VolMIP-Tambora ISA ensemble). The pre-study provided the ancillary ability to assess intermodel diversity in the radiative forcing for a large stratospheric-injecting equatorial eruption when the volcanic aerosol cloud is simulated interactively. An initial analysis of the VolMIP-Tambora ISA ensemble showed large disparities between models in the stratospheric global mean aerosol optical depth (AOD). In this study, we now show that stratospheric global mean AOD differences among the participating models are primarily due to differences in aerosol size, which we track here by effective radius. We identify specific physical and chemical processes that are missing in some models and/or parameterized differently between models, which are together causing the differences in effective radius. In particular, our analysis indicates that interactively tracking hydroxyl radical (OH) chemistry following a large volcanic injection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important factor in allowing for the timescale for sulfate formation to be properly simulated. In addition, depending on the timescale of sulfate formation, there can be a large difference in effective radius and subsequently AOD that results from whether the SO2 is injected in a single model grid cell near the location of the volcanic eruption, or whether it is injected as a longitudinally averaged band around the Earth.
- University of Leeds United Kingdom
- Paris 13 University France
- ETH Zurich Switzerland
- French National Centre for Scientific Research France
- Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres Germany
7418
Alhoneimi, E., Himberg, J., Parhankangas, J., and Vesanto, J.: SOM Toolbox, Laboratory of Information and Computer Science, available at: http://www.cis.hut.fi/somtoolbox/ (last access: 19 December 2020), 2005.
Baldwin, M. P., Gray, L. J., Dunkerton, T. J., Hamilton, K., Haynes, P. H., Randel, W. J., Holton, J. R., Alexander, M. J., Hirota, I., Horinouchi, T., Jones, D. B. A., Kinnersley, J. S., Marquardt, C., Sato, K., and Takahashi, M.: The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, Rev. Geophys., 39, 179-229, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999RG000073, 2001.
Bekki, S.: Oxidation of volcanic SO2: A sink for stratospheric OH and H2O, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 913-916, https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL00534, 1995.
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Bekki, S., Pyle, J. A., Zhong, W., Toumi, R., Haigh, J. D., and Pyle, D. M.: The role of microphysical and chemical processes in prolonging the climate forcing of the Toba eruption, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2669-2672, https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL02088, 1996. [OpenAIRE]
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- NE/S000887/1
- NERC
- UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)
- NE/N018001/1
- NERC
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
- 138017
- Infrastructure | Research Infrastructure
- University of Leeds United Kingdom
- Paris 13 University France
- ETH Zurich Switzerland
- French National Centre for Scientific Research France
- Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres Germany
- University of Cambridge United Kingdom
- University of Saskatchewan Canada
- University of Colorado System United States
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science United Kingdom
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey United States
- National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA United States
- National Center for Atmospheric Research United States
- University of Colorado Boulder United States
- THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE United Kingdom
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado United States
- National Center for Atmospheric Research | University Corporation for Atmospheric Research United States
- Department of Geography United Kingdom
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Germany
- Sorbonne University France
- Max Planck Germany
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, University Corporation for Antmospheric Research, Library United States
- Department of Geography University of Cambridge United Kingdom
- Institut für Atmosphäre und Klima ETH Zürich Switzerland
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics United States
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Germany
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge United Kingdom
- Max Planck Society Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, UK United Kingdom
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Library Germany
- Sorbonne Paris Cité France
- Rutgers University United States
- Rutgers University New Brunswick United States
- University Corporation for Atmospheric Research United States
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Scienc ETH Zürich Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research Germany
- Ca Foscari University of Venice Italy
As part of the Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP), several climate modeling centers performed a coordinated pre-study experiment with interactive stratospheric aerosol models simulating the volcanic aerosol cloud from an eruption resembling the 1815 Mt. Tambora eruption (VolMIP-Tambora ISA ensemble). The pre-study provided the ancillary ability to assess intermodel diversity in the radiative forcing for a large stratospheric-injecting equatorial eruption when the volcanic aerosol cloud is simulated interactively. An initial analysis of the VolMIP-Tambora ISA ensemble showed large disparities between models in the stratospheric global mean aerosol optical depth (AOD). In this study, we now show that stratospheric global mean AOD differences among the participating models are primarily due to differences in aerosol size, which we track here by effective radius. We identify specific physical and chemical processes that are missing in some models and/or parameterized differently between models, which are together causing the differences in effective radius. In particular, our analysis indicates that interactively tracking hydroxyl radical (OH) chemistry following a large volcanic injection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important factor in allowing for the timescale for sulfate formation to be properly simulated. In addition, depending on the timescale of sulfate formation, there can be a large difference in effective radius and subsequently AOD that results from whether the SO2 is injected in a single model grid cell near the location of the volcanic eruption, or whether it is injected as a longitudinally averaged band around the Earth.