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L'influence de la musique d'ambiance sur la mémoire épisodique : considérant les émotions et les capacités mnésiques

Authors: Ferrandez, Roxanne;

L'influence de la musique d'ambiance sur la mémoire épisodique : considérant les émotions et les capacités mnésiques

Abstract

La musique pourrait servir d’outil pour optimiser nos capacités mnésiques. Cet effet bénéfique est prédit par la théorie Activation-Humeur suggérant que la musique d’ambiance puisse accroitre les performances d’apprentissage en améliorant l’humeur et augmentant l’activation. Par contre, un modèle adapté de la théorie Distraction-Conflit indique que la musique d’ambiance interfèrerait avec les processus mnésiques. L’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner l’effet de la musique d’ambiance sur la mémoire épisodique. Pour cela, nous avons considéré à la fois les émotions perçues comme étant évoquées par les musiques et les émotions ressenties par les participants, induites par les musiques. Puis, nous avons contrôlé pour les différences individuelles de capacités en mémoire épisodique. Quatre-vingt-treize adultes ont été répartis à travers quatre groupes, dans lesquelles une tâche de mémoire épisodique de listes de mots était réalisée en présence de musique relaxante, musique stimulante, bruit rose, ou en silence. En opposition aux modèles théoriques, les résultats ne montrent aucune différence sur la performance mnésique entre les conditions sonores. Pourtant, les émotions évoquées par les musiques étaient perçues tel que prévu, la musique stimulante étant jugée plaisante et stimulante, alors que la musique relaxante a été jugée plaisante et relaxante. Par ailleurs, l’influence des stimulations auditives sur l’activation et l’humeur ressenties par les participants était significativement différente entre les conditions sonores. De plus, les capacités de mémoire épisodique ont été tenues constantes, et donc ne peuvent expliquer l’effet nul. En conclusion, la musique d’ambiance n’a été trouvée ni bénéfique ni nuisible à la mémoire épisodique.

Music could represent an easy-to-use tool for optimizing our memory abilities. This beneficial effect is predicted by the Arousal-Mood Theory leading us to believe that background music can enhance learning performances by improving mood and increasing arousal. However, an adapted model from the Distraction-Conflict Theory indicates that background music can interfere with memory capacities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of background music on episodic memory, essential to our everyday activities by enabling us to remember experienced events. Through this investigation, we considered both the perceived emotions evoked by music and the participants' felt emotions induced by music. Moreover, we controlled for individual differences in episodic memory abilities. Ninety-three healthy adults were randomly assigned to one of four groups, in which a word lists episodic memory task was executed in the presence of stimulating music, relaxing music, pink noise, or in silence. Opposing both theoretical models, results show no significant differences between auditory conditions on memory performances. Nevertheless, emotions evoked by music were perceived as intended, stimulating music being judged pleasant and stimulating, while relaxing music was judged pleasant and relaxing. Moreover, the auditory stimulations’ influence on participants’ felt arousal and mood was significantly different between auditory conditions. In addition, episodic memory abilities were held constant, and thus could not have masked an effect of auditory stimulation on memory performance. In conclusion, background music was not found to be beneficial nor detrimental for episodic memory.

Essai présenté à la Faculté des arts et des sciences en vue de l’obtention du grade de Doctorat en psychologie, option neuropsychologie clinique

Country
Canada
Related Organizations
Keywords

Différences individuelles, Background music, Episodic memory, Mémoire épisodique, Individual differences, Activation, Neuropsychologie clinique, Émotions musicales, Clinical neuropsychology, Arousal, Musique d’ambiance, Musical emotions

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  • citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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