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A Method for Whole Brain Ex Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Minimal Susceptibility Artifacts
Copyright policy )Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-destructive technique that is capable of localizing pathologies and assessing other anatomical features (e.g., tissue volume, microstructure, and white matter connectivity) in postmortem, ex vivo human brains. However, when brains are removed from the skull and cerebrospinal fluid (i.e., their normal in vivo magnetic environment), air bubbles and air-tissue interfaces typically cause magnetic susceptibility artifacts that severely degrade the quality of ex vivo MRI data. In this report, we describe a relatively simple and cost-effective experimental setup for acquiring artifact-free ex vivo brain images using a clinical MRI system with standard hardware. In particular, we outline the necessary steps, from collecting an ex vivo human brain to the MRI scanner setup, and have also described changing the formalin (as might be necessary in longitudinal postmortem studies). Finally, we share some representative ex vivo MRI images that have been acquired using the proposed setup in order to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach. We hope that this protocol will provide both clinicians and researchers with a straight-forward and cost-effective solution for acquiring ex vivo MRI data from whole postmortem human brains.
Medical Subject Headings: equipment and supplies
Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Neuroscience Ex vivo In vivo White matter medicine.anatomical_structure medicine Postmortem studies Neuroimaging business.industry business Magnetic resonance imaging medicine.diagnostic_test Human brain Biomedical engineering Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI
Library of Congress Subject Headings: lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system lcsh:RC346-429
Neuroscience, Protocols, ex vivo, fixation, formalin, human brain, MRI, neuroimaging, postmortem, Neurology (clinical), Neurology
Neuroscience, Protocols, ex vivo, fixation, formalin, human brain, MRI, neuroimaging, postmortem, Neurology (clinical), Neurology
Medical Subject Headings: equipment and supplies
Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Neuroscience Ex vivo In vivo White matter medicine.anatomical_structure medicine Postmortem studies Neuroimaging business.industry business Magnetic resonance imaging medicine.diagnostic_test Human brain Biomedical engineering Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI
Library of Congress Subject Headings: lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system lcsh:RC346-429
- University of Manitoba Canada
- Johns Hopkins University United States
- Johns Hopkins University United States
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- University of Manitoba Canada
- Johns Hopkins University United States
- Johns Hopkins University United States
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-destructive technique that is capable of localizing pathologies and assessing other anatomical features (e.g., tissue volume, microstructure, and white matter connectivity) in postmortem, ex vivo human brains. However, when brains are removed from the skull and cerebrospinal fluid (i.e., their normal in vivo magnetic environment), air bubbles and air-tissue interfaces typically cause magnetic susceptibility artifacts that severely degrade the quality of ex vivo MRI data. In this report, we describe a relatively simple and cost-effective experimental setup for acquiring artifact-free ex vivo brain images using a clinical MRI system with standard hardware. In particular, we outline the necessary steps, from collecting an ex vivo human brain to the MRI scanner setup, and have also described changing the formalin (as might be necessary in longitudinal postmortem studies). Finally, we share some representative ex vivo MRI images that have been acquired using the proposed setup in order to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach. We hope that this protocol will provide both clinicians and researchers with a straight-forward and cost-effective solution for acquiring ex vivo MRI data from whole postmortem human brains.